Consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y el perfil dietético nutricional en el Paraguay / The consumption of ultra-processed foods and the dietary nutritional profile in Paraguay

Fundamentos: Los alimentos ultraprocesados están dominando rápidamente el sistema alimentario mundial. Comprender los patrones de consumo de estos alimentos constituye una parte importante del sistema de vigilancia nutricional. El objetivo fue evaluar el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en Paraguay según área geográfica y su impacto en el perfil dietético nutricional de la población. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis de una muestra representativa de hogares de la Encuesta de Ingresos y Gastos 2011-12. Los alimentos consumidos se clasificaron en cuatro grupos: no procesados o mínimamente procesados; ingredientes culinarios procesados; procesados; y ultraprocesados. Se estimó la distribución de energía y macronutrientes proveniente de los alimentos dentro del hogar con unidades de consumo del Equivalente Masculino Adulto (AME). Resultados: Los ultraprocesados representaron 26,5% del consumo total de energía, con diferencias significativas entre el área rural y urbana (p<0,01). El perfil nutricional de los ultraprocesados mostró mayor densidad energética, mayor aporte de carbohidratos y menor de lípidos y proteínas, en comparación con los no procesados y procesados. Conclusiones: El consumo de ultraprocesados en Paraguay varía desde consumos muy bajos hasta altos, similares a los países desarrollados, y su consumo reduce la participación de alimentos no procesados e ingredientes culinarios. (AU)

Background: Ultra-processed foods are rapidly dominating the global food system. Understanding theconsumption patterns of these food items thus constitutes an important part of the nutritional surveillance system. The objective was to assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods in Paraguay according togeographical residence (rural/urban) and its impact on the population’s nutritional profile. Methods: An analysis of representative sample of households from the 2011-12 Income and Expenditure Survey. The consumed food items were classified into four groups: natural or minimally processed, including culinary preparations made with these foods as a base; processed culinary ingredients; processed; and ultraprocessed. Intrahousehold food and calorie distribution were estimated with Adult Male Equivalent (AME)units. Results: Ultra-processed foods represented 26,5 of total energy intake, with a significant difference between rural and urban areas (p<0,01). Households that showed higher consumption of ultra-processed foods also exhibited lower consumption of vegetables, legumes, meats, fish/seafoods, and dairy products. The nutritional profile of ultra-processed foods consumption showed higher energy density; higher levels of carbohydrates, and lower levels fat and proteins compared to the profile of natural or minimally processed foods and processed foods. Conclusions: Consumption of ultra-processed foods in Paraguay varies from relatively low to high, similarlyto developed countries, and reduces the participation of unprocessed foods and culinary ingredients. (AU)

Valoración de los patrones de consumo alimentario y actividad física en universitarios de tres carreras respecto a las guías alimentarias para la población argentina

RESUMEN Numerosos estudios coinciden en que el inicio de la vida universitaria se asocia a cambios poco saludables en prácticas alimentarias y estilos de vida que pueden consolidarse en la edad adulta. El objetivo fue valorar en qué medida estudiantes de tres carreras cumplen con las recomendaciones de las nuevas Guías Alimentarias para la Población Argentina de 2016. Se encuestaron 164 alumnos de Bioquímica (BQ), Licenciatura en Nutrición (LN) y Licenciatura en Biotecnología (LB) de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Los alumnos de LN se acercaron más a las recomendaciones que BQ y LB: mayor porcentaje realizaba cuatro comidas (45,0% vs 22,4% LB y 21,8% BQ, p= 0,009) y consumía diariamente leche/yogur (p= 0,042); los estudiantes de BQ presentaron el menor consumo de frutas (p= 0,000), mientras los de LB presentaron la menor ingesta de verduras (p= 0,023). El 79,3% del total realizaba actividad física y de ellos 59,8% alcanzó los 30 minutos diarios recomendados. La Universidad ofrece espacios de alimentación saludable (comedor universitario) y actividad física (predio de deportes) que no resultaban suficientemente aprovechados. Se concluye que resulta necesario planificar intervenciones para fomentar y/o mejorar patrones, consumo de alimentos y actividad física acordes a estilos más saludables en estos universitarios.

ABSTRACT Numerous studies agree that the beginning of university life is associated with unhealthy changes in eating practices and lifestyles that can be consolidated in adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which the nutrition and physical activity of university students from three career programs comply with the recommendations of the new Dietary Guidelines for the Argentine Population (2016). One hundred and sixty-four (164) students of Biochemistry (BQ), Bachelor of Nutrition (LN) and Bachelor of Biotechnology (LB) of the Universidad Nacional del Litoral were surveyed. LN students approached the recommendations more than BQ and LB students: a higher percentage had four meals per day (45.0% LN vs. 22.4% LB and 21.8% BQ, p-value= 0.009) and consumed a daily portion of milk/yogurt (p-value= 0.042); the BQ students had the lowest fruit consumption (p-value= 0.000), while the LB students had the lowest vegetable intake (p-value= 0.023). All students presented patterns of intake and consumption of foods strongly influenced by the Argentine culture. Almost eighty percent (79.3%) of students did physical activity, but only 59.8% reached the recommended 30 minutes a day. The University offers healthy eating spaces (university canteen) and physical activity (sports grounds) that were not sufficiently exploited. It is concluded that it is necessary to plan interventions to promote and / or improve patterns of food consumption and physical activity, according to healthier lifestyles for university students.

Conservación de las formas de alimentación ancestrales en comunidades moqoit del Chaco Argentino. Diferencias urbano rural / Conservation of ancestral feeding forms in moqoit communities in Argentinian Chaco

FUNDAMENTOS: En una población, una multiplicidad de factores influye en el estilo de vida y en los patrones de consumo alimentario. La alimentación es una de las actividades humanas más vulnerable a la transculturación. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la conservación de tradiciones alimentarias en comunidades de etnia moqoit del Norte de la provincia de Santa Fe, en el Chaco Argentino. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal. Se aplicaron encuestas sobre hábitos alimentarios y características socioeconómicas a las personas que habitualmente cocinaban en una comunidad moqoit rural y una urbana, mediante visitas domiciliarias. RESULTADOS: Aceptaron participar personas de 73 de los 130 hogares. Un alto porcentaje de la población moqoit conserva formas tradicionales de obtención y preparación de alimentos, siendo esto más marcado en la comunidad rural. CONCLUSIONES: La situación general en la que viven denota un alto grado de carencia y exclusión. Sin embargo, la conservación de tradiciones ancestrales de alimentación y su relación con la soberanía alimentaria y la conservación de su ambiente natural, podría contribuir a subsanar estas carencias

BACKGROUND: A multiplicity of factors influences lifestyle and patterns of food consumption in a population. Food is one of the human activities most vulnerable to transculturation.The objective of this research was to evaluate the conservation of food traditions in communities of the moqoit ethnic group of the North of the province of Santa Fe, in the Argentine Chaco. METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Surveys on food habits and socioeconomic characteristics were applied to people who habitually cooked in a rural moqoit community and an urban one, through home visits. RESULTS: People from73 of the 130 households agreed to participate. A high percentage of the moqoit population conserves traditional ways of obtaining and preparing food, this being more marked in the rural community. CONCLUSIONS: The general situation in which they live denotes a high degree of deprivation and exclusion. However, the conservation of ancestral food traditions and their relationship with food sovereignty and the conservation of their natural environment, could contribute to correcting these deficiencies

Consumo de vitamina D y hábitos de exposición solar en ancianos de la ciudad de Santa Fe: influencia de lo factores socioculturales y económicos / Vitamin D consuption sun exposure habits in the eldery from the city of Santa Fe: influence of socio cultural and economic factors

Introduction: older adults constitute a group at risk for vitamin D deficiency. It is relevant to include the analysis of sociocultural and economic factors in nutritional studies. Objective: to analyze the socio-cultural and economic factors that influence the consumption of foods rich in vitamin D as well as sun exposure in the elderly. Material and methods: there was an observational, descriptive, relational and transversal study from October to December 2012 (spring time). We studied 258 women and 68 men, between 60 and 95 years old, using a semi-structured questionnaire which gathered demographic, socio-cultural and economic data, pathologies, vitamin supplements, consumption of vitamin D rich foods and sun exposure habits. The X2 test was applied to verify the correlations. Results: the population mostly lived with spouse/partner, had medium educational level, chose to shop in supermarkets daily, 25% received food subsidies; 63% usually took 4 meals or more/day. Most consumed vitamin D rich foods: milk and yogurt (daily) and yolk (3 times/week). 45% carried out outdoors activities in hours of highest solar radiation, 60% avoided exposure when they went out, 32% used sunscreen, 91% wore short sleeves wear and Bermuda pants or short skirts. 7% consumed supplements with vitamin D (92% women). There was no relationship between the socio-cultural and economic factors with the consumption of vitamin D and sun exposure behavior. Conclusions: there was a low consumption of vitamin D and low sun exposure in the sample. Both facts show the existence of substantial risk of vitamin D deficiency.

Effect of dietary supplementation with collagen hydrolysates on bone metabolism of postmenopausal women with low mineral density.

UNLABELLED: Collagen hydrolysates (CH), obtained by an enzymatic hydrolysis process of gelatins, have potential application as oral supplements. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of diet supplementation with collagen hydrolysates on bone metabolism markers in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. METHODS: A randomized double-blind clinical assay with postmenopausal women with osteopenia was planned. The volunteers ingested 10g/day of CH or a placebo for a period of 24 weeks. The bone resorption markers (carboxyl-terminal collagen crosslinks-CTX) and bone formation markers (osteocalcin-OSCAL and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase-BAP) were determined at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 35 placebo and 36 treated subjects (aged 57.3+/-4.8 years and BMI of 27.4+/-4.5kg/m(2)). BAP levels showed no significant changes over the time. CTX levels showed a significant increase during the 24 weeks of treatment from 0.40 to 0.48ng/mL in CH group and 0.47 to 0.57ng/mL in placebo group (p<0.0001). OSCAL levels also showed a increase during the 24 weeks from 24.8 to 29.0ng/mL in CH group and 28.1 to 31.8ng/mL in placebo group (p<0.001). A comparison of levels of bone markers between CH and placebo group demonstrated no differences. Analysis of variance revealed no significant effect of dietary supplementation with collagen hydrolysates on biochemical bone markers. CONCLUSIONS: CH consumption did not produce any effects on bone metabolism as measured by biochemical indices of bone remodeling in postmenopausal women. The majority of patients exhibited inadequate calcium intake, as well as excess body weight.

A food supplement of hydrolyzed collagen improves compositional and biodynamic characteristics of vertebrae in ovariectomized rats.

Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are mixtures of peptides obtained by partial hydrolysis of gelatins that are receiving scientific attention as potential oral supplements for the recovery of osteoarticular tissues. The effect of supplementing the diets with a CH was assessed in 48 ovariectomized rats by analyzing the compositional and biomechanical characteristics of the bone. Six groups of rats (three ovariectomized, one sham-operated, and two intact) were fed a standard diet, supplemented with either CH or gelatin (Control), at two levels: a dose equivalent to five times the amount suggested for humans (10 g/day) or another 10 times greater. After 8 weeks, the femora and vertebrae were excised, the blood was collected, and serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were determined. Bone weight, total protein, and biomechanical strength were also determined. The vertebrae of the ovariectomized group that received the higher dosage of CH withstood a load four times greater and exhibited higher levels of protein and osteocalcin content than those receiving either gelatin or no supplement. CH supplementation at the higher level in the ovariectomized rat had an unequivocal contribution in the conservation or preservation of vertebral mass, protein content, and mechanical strength not seen when gelatin was used as a supplement. Similar treatment of the intact rat with the CH, however, appeared to have the opposite effect.

RNAi-mediated silencing of the myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase gene (GmMIPS1) in transgenic soybean inhibited seed development and reduced phytate content.

Inositol plays a role in membrane trafficking and signaling in addition to regulating cellular metabolism and controlling growth. In plants, the myo-inositol-1-phosphate is synthesized from glucose 6-phosphate in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4). Inositol can be converted into phytic acid (phytate), the most abundant form of phosphate in seeds. The path to phytate has been suggested to proceed via the sequential phosphorylation of inositol phosphates, and/or in part via phosphatidylinositol phosphate. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] lines were produced using interfering RNA (RNAi) construct in order to silence the myo-inositol-1-phosphate (GmMIPS1) gene. We have observed an absence of seed development in lines in which the presence of GmMIPS1 transcripts was not detected. In addition, a drastic reduction of phytate (InsP6) content was achieved in transgenic lines (up to 94.5%). Our results demonstrated an important correlation between GmMIPS1 gene expression and seed development.

Intervenciones linguisticas del fonoaudiologo y configuraciones discursivas interenunciado en la interaccion dialogica con niños que presentan retardo anartrico y/o afasico / Linguitic intervention of the phonoaudiology and discursives configurations in the dialogic interaction with children that present anartric and/or aphasic retard

Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como propósito estudiar las intervenciones lingüísticas de los fonoaudiólogos y las simetrías interenunciado que se presentan en los textos orales resultados de las interacciones dialógicas entre terapeutas y niños con dificultades en su lenguaje (retardo anártrico y/o afásico). Para ello se analizaron 12 textos obtenidos de la transcripción de diálogos, registrados con grabador, surgidos de la interacción clínica sostenida por 4 profesionales fonoaudiólogos con 3 niños cada uno. Los resultados obtenidos permiten observar que la mayoría de las intervenciones lingüísticas analizadas, el 96, 36 por ciento son interpretativas, el 2,08 por ciento son no interpretativas y el 1,56 por ciento son interpretativas / no interpretativas; las simetrías interenunciado que más se evidencian en los diálogos son simetrías por repetición en un 91,5 por ciento. La presencia de dichas unidades de la oralidad (simetrías interenunciado), parte de las configuraciones discursivas, manifestarían la presencia de sujetos que participan en los diálogos y cuyas hablas constituyen un discurso en común. Las intervenciones lingüísticas interpretativas de los fonoaudiólogos otorgan al niño la posibilidad, de que el...