RESUMEN
The magnitude and variability of conditioned suppression of bar pressing and dipper licking were compared. In two steady-state experiments, suppression of bar pressing was more profound and more stable from day to day. The two measures of suppression were uncorrelated as indexed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients computed for adjacent trials. Correlations within measures (internal consistency) were somewhat higher for the bar-press system except when a high proportion of rats completely suppressed on one of the correlated trials. In a transient state experiment in which possible adventitious punishment of both response systems was eliminated, suppression of bar pressing was again more profound and considerably slower to extinguish.
Asunto(s)
Condicionamiento Operante , Conducta Consumatoria , Inhibición Psicológica , Animales , Condicionamiento Clásico , Conducta de Ingestión de Líquido , Electrochoque , Extinción Psicológica , Habituación Psicofisiológica , Masculino , Castigo , Ratas , SonidoRESUMEN
This paper describes an investigation into the developmental nature of the voice under training with and without the influence of real-time visually presented biofeedback. Two subjects who had not previously experienced any form of vocal training took six singing lessons. One was taught conventionally, while the other was taught with the aid of a system known as Acoustic and Laryngeal Biofeedback Enhancement Real Time (ALBERT). Real-time biofeedback was presented based upon measures of (i) larynx closed quotient (CQ), (ii) spectral amplitude in the singer's formant frequency band relative to the spectral amplitude of the full band (ratio), and (iii) both parameters combined in a manner based on previously observed correlations between them. Results indicate generally increased sound pressure levels (SPL) of acoustic output and generally consistent increases in the level of CQ and ratio across consecutive lessons for both subjects.