Cognition and health-related quality of life in long-term survivors of high-grade glioma: an interactive perspective from patient and caregiver.

BACKGROUND: The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and cognition are important indicators for the quality of survival in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG). However, data on long-term survivors and their caregivers are scarce. We aim to investigate the interaction between cognition and HRQoL in long-term survivors, their caregivers' evaluations, and the effect on caregiver strain and burden. METHODS: 21 long-term HGG (8 WHO grade III and 13 WHO grade IV) survivors (survival ≥ 5 years) and 15 caregivers were included. Cognition (verbal memory, attention, executive functioning, and language), HRQoL, anxiety and depression, caregiver strain, and caregiver burden were assessed with standardized measures. Questionnaires were completed by patients and/or their caregivers. RESULTS: Mean survival was 12 years (grade III) and 8 years (grade IV). Cognition was significantly impaired with a large individual variety. Patients' general HRQoL was not impaired but all functioning scales were deviant. Patient-proxy agreement was found in most HRQoL subscales. Three patients (14%) showed indications of anxiety or depression. One-third of the caregivers reported a high caregiver strain or a high burden. Test scores for attention, executive functioning, language, and/or verbal memory were correlated with perceived global health status, cognitive functioning, and/or communication deficits. Caregiver burden was not related to cognitive deficits. CONCLUSIONS: In long-term HGG survivors maintained HRQoL seems possible even when cognition is impaired in a large variety at the individual level. A tailored approach is therefore recommended to investigate the cognitive impairments and HRQoL in patients and the need for patient and caregiver support.

The effect of musicality on language recovery after awake glioma surgery.

Introduction: Awake craniotomy is increasingly used to resect intrinsic brain tumors while preserving language. The level of musical training might affect the speed and extend of postoperative language recovery, as increased white matter connectivity in the corpus callosum is described in musicians compared to non-musicians. Methods: In this cohort study, we included adult patients undergoing treatment for glioma with an awake resection procedure at two neurosurgical centers and assessed language preoperatively (T1) and postoperatively at three months (T2) and one year (T3) with the Diagnostic Instrument for Mild Aphasia (DIMA), transferred to z-scores. Moreover, patients' musicality was divided into three groups based on the Musical Expertise Criterion (MEC) and automated volumetric measures of the corpus callosum were conducted. Results: We enrolled forty-six patients, between June 2015 and September 2021, and divided in: group A (non-musicians, n = 19, 41.3%), group B (amateur musicians, n = 17, 36.9%) and group C (trained musicians, n = 10, 21.7%). No significant differences on postoperative language course between the three musicality groups were observed in the main analyses. However, a trend towards less deterioration of language (mean/SD z-scores) was observed within the first three months on the phonological domain (A: -0.425/0.951 vs. B: -0.00100/1.14 vs. C: 0.0289/0.566, p-value = 0.19) with a significant effect between non-musicians vs. instrumentalists (A: -0.425/0.951 vs. B + C: 0.201/0.699, p = 0.04). Moreover, a non-significant trend towards a larger volume (mean/SD cm3) of the corpus callosum was observed between the three musicality groups (A: 6.67/1.35 vs. B: 7.09/1.07 vs. C: 8.30/2.30, p = 0.13), with the largest difference of size in the anterior corpus callosum in non-musicians compared to trained musicians (A: 3.28/0.621 vs. C: 4.90/1.41, p = 0.02). Conclusion: With first study on this topic, we support that musicality contributes to language recovery after awake glioma surgery, possibly attributed to a higher white matter connectivity at the anterior part of the corpus callosum. Our conclusion should be handled with caution and interpreted as hypothesis generating only, as most of our results were not significant. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our hypothesis.