The Puerto Rico Cardiovascular Risk-Estimation Study (PRCaRES): an exploratory assessment of new patients in physicians' offices.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) in a cross-sectional sample of Puerto Rico residents through an analysis of the 10-year Framingham risk score. METHODS: An exploratory, retrospective, cross-sectional study of the medical records of patients 35 years or older who each visited the office of 1 of the 4 participating physicians on or after July 1, 2007. RESULTS: Data for 453 patients were extracted from the medical records, but 96 cases were excluded because of incomplete data or the patients' not fulfilling the inclusion criteria, thus yielding a total sample of 357 patients. The average patient age was 58 years old (+/- 11.8); the majority (58%) was female. Eight of 10 patients were either overweight or obese. Eighty-five percent reported having at least 1 cardio-metabolic condition. Of these, 72.3% self-reported having hypertension; 38.4%, dyslipidemia; and 37.8%, diabetes. Many patients were not at goal for blood pressure or for lipid and glucose parameters nor were these patients taking any medication for these conditions. Nearly one-third of the participants had a 10% or greater 10-year risk of developing CHD. Compared with women, men were 3.3 times more likely to have a 10-year CHD risk of 10% or greater and 4.2 times more likely to have a risk of 20% or greater. CONCLUSION: A substantial number of patients had risk factors for developing CHD and were not at goal for specific parameters. Larger scale epidemiological studies should be conducted to assess CHD risk in Puerto Rico so that public health initiatives to reduce this risk might be proposed.

Chagas disease: an overview of clinical and epidemiological aspects.

Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a serious health problem in Latin America and is an emerging disease in non-endemic countries. In recent decades, the epidemiological profile of the disease has changed due to new patterns of immigration and successful control in its transmission, leading to the urbanization and globalization of the disease. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most important and severe manifestation of human chronic Chagas disease and is characterized by heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, heart blocks, thromboembolic phenomena, and sudden death. This article will present an overview of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of Chagas disease. It will focus on several clinical aspects of the disease, such as chronic Chagas disease without detectable cardiac pathology, as well as dysautonomia, some specific features, and the principles of treatment of chronic cardiomyopathy.

The production of articles on cardiology from Latin America in Medline indexed journals.

INTRODUCTION: Latin America has dramatically increased the number of articles Publisher from 1995 to 2002, but the individual contribution of each country appears to be very unequal. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the production of articles on Cardiology research published in Latin American countries in the past years in international journals. METHODS: A bibliography search was carried out throughout PubMed in regards to biomedical articles in general and on Cardiology in particular, corresponding to the period 1987-2006. RESULTS: A total of 106,871 biomedical articles was identified, and 11,416 on Cardiology published between 1997 and 2006 by Latin American countries. This corresponds to 10.6% of articles on cardiovascular disease over the total. Brazil, Mexico and Argentina contributed with 80% of the publications in Latin America in the same period. The magnitude of growth since 1987 was between 5.9- and 15-fold for these countries. In regards to Brazil, since 1998 a significant increased number of publications was noted compared to Mexico and Argentina (P=0.0001). The impact factor of the journals where each country published during 2006 showed that it was in average higher in the publications from Chile and Argentina compared to Brazil and Mexico (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The scientific production in Cardiology from Latin America shows dramatic differences among the countries, and Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina alone provide 80% of the publications. Brazil seems to have led the region for 20 years, especially since 1998. From the quality of the articles point of view, considering the impact factor, Chile and Argentina appear to be better positioned.

Encuesta sobre el uso de Guías de Práctica Clínica en cardiólogos de Latinoamérica / Survey on Clinical Practice Guidelines Use among Latin American Cardiologists / Survey on Clinical Practice Guidelines Use among Latin American Cardiologist Background

Introducción No obstante el amplio consenso acerca de los beneficios devenidos de la aplicación de Guías de Práctica Clínica (GPC) en la atención de pacientes y de su adopción por cada vez más países, incluso de Latinoamérica, su traslación a la práctica se encuentra por debajo de lo esperado. La falla en la implementación de las GPC está ligada a varios factores, entre los cuales se encuentra la falta de adherencia de los médicos. Objetivos Estimar la tasa de uso de Guías de Práctica Clínica (GPC) y conocer las objeciones a ellas entre cardiólogos latinoamericanos. Material y métodos Se realizó una encuesta anónima por correo electrónico en una muestra aleatoria del 10% de cardiólogos hispanohablantes de la Sociedad Interamericana de Cardiología. Se relevaron datos demográficos, uso de GPC y objeciones respecto de ellas. Entre los supuestos del estudio se consideró que la mayoría respondería positivamente ante la pregunta del uso de GPC; en cambio, se supuso que también manifestarían críticas y limitaciones de las GPC si se les indujera a ello. Resultados De 1.197 encuestados se obtuvo respuesta de 952. El 91,5% refirió que utilizaba GPC; de éstos, el 75,8% (660/871) recurría a GPC extranjeras y locales, mientras que el 24,2% sólo usaba GPC locales. El 58,2% de los encuestados refirió al menos una objeción a la calidad o utilidad de las GPC. Las críticas más comunes fueron que las guías proponían el uso de recursos no disponibles en los lugares de trabajo (11,5%), que recomendaban métodos no pasibles de utilizar por falta de cobertura (9,2%) y que no representaban la realidad de los pacientes asistidos (7,7%). Entre los encuestados que no las utilizaban, el 22,2% refirió que desconocía las últimas GPC. Conclusiones Si bien el uso de GPC es alto, la presencia de objeciones vinculadas a su utilidad constituye una barrera para mejorar la adherencia de los cardiólogos a ellas. Estos datos deben tenerse en cuenta para mejorar la confección, la difusión y la implementación de GPC en Latinoamérica.

There is a broad consensus about the benefits of applying Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) as a standard of care and most countries, even in Latin America; however, the applicability of CPGs to medical practice is lower than expected. The failure in the implementation of CPGs is due to several factors, including physicians' lack of adherence. Objectives To estimate the utilization rate of CPGs and to know the objections of Latin American cardiologists against them. Material and Methods We conducted an anonymous email survey among 10% of the Spanish-speaking members of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology that were randomly selected. The questions included demographic data, use of CPGs and objections to use them. We assumed that most of the respondents would make a positive answer when asked about the use CPGs; yet, we also assumed that they would criticize and comment the limitations of CPGs if they were induced to do so. Results The survey was responded by 952 of the 1197 cardiologists selected. The utilization rate of CPGs was 91.5%; 75.8% (660/871) used foreign and local guidelines, while 24.2% only used local CPGs. 58.2% of survey respondents had at least one objection to the quality or usefulness of CPGs. The most common complaints were that the guidelines proposed the use of resources that were not always available (11.5%), recommended impractical strategies due to lack of medical coverage (9.2%) and did not represent the patients in real practice (7.7%). Among those who did not use CPGs, 22.2% did not know the last guidelines published. Conclusions Although the utilization of CPGs is high, the objections about their usefulness constitute a barrier to improve the adherence of cardiologists to use them. These data should be considered to improve the production, diffusion and implementation of CPGs in Latin America.

The production of articles on cardiology from Latin America in Medline indexed journals / La producción de artículos cardiológicos latinoamericanos indizados en Medline

Introduction: Latin America has dramatically increased the number of articles published from 1995 to 2002, but the individual contribution of each country appears to be very unequal. Objectives: To analyze the production of articles on Cardiology research published in Latin American countries in the past years in international journals. Methods: A bibliography search was carried out throughout PubMed in regards to biomedical articles in general and on Cardiology in particular, corresponding to the period 1987 - 2006. Results: A total of 106 871 biomedical articles was identified, and 11 416 on Cardiology published between 1997 and 2006 by Latin American countries. This corresponds to 10.6% of articles on cardiovascular disease over the total. Brazil, Mexico and Argentina contributed with 80% of the publications in Latin America in the same period. The magnitude of growth since 1987 was between 5.9- and 15-fold for these countries. In regards to Brazil, since 1998 a significant increased number of publications was noted compared to Mexico and Argentina (P = 0.0001). The impact factor of the journals where each country published during 2006 showed that it was in average higher in the publications from Chile and Argentina compared to Brazil and Mexico (P <0.001). Conclusions: The scientific production in Cardiology from Latin America shows dramatic differences among the countries, and Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina alone provide 80% of the publications. Brazil seems to have led the region for 20 years, especially since 1998. From the quality of the articles point of view, considering the impact factor, Chile and Argentina appear to be better positioned.

Introducción: La estimación de la producción científica en enfermedades cardiovasculares indica que América Latina incrementó el número de artículos publicados desde 1995 hasta 2002, pero la contribución individual de cada país parece ser desigual. Objetivo: Analizar la producción de artículos de investigación cardiológica publicados por los países latinoamericanos en revistas internacionales. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed de artículos biomédicos y cardiológicos. Correspondientes al periodo de 1987 a 2006. Resultados: Se identificaron 106 871 artículos biomédicos y 11 416 cardiológicos (10.6%) publicados entre 1997 y 2006 por países latinoamericanos. En orden de importancia, Brasil, México y Argentina contribuyeron con 80% de las publicaciones. La magnitud del crecimiento de los artículos cardiológicos desde 1987 estuvo entre 5.9 y 15 veces para estos tres países. En Brasil se observó a partir de 1998, un aumento significativo del número de publicaciones con respecto a México y Argentina (P = 0.0001). El factor de impacto de las revistas en que publicaron sus artículos cardiológicos cada país durante 2006 mostró que éste fue en promedio superior en las publicaciones de Chile y Argentina con respecto a Brasil y México (P <0.001). Conclusiones: La producción científica cardiológica de América Latina tiene marcadas diferencias entre los países, y solamente Brasil, México y Argentina aportan 80% de lo publicado. Brasil lidera la región desde hace 20 años; en cuanto al factor de impacto, Chile y Argentina parecen estar mejor posicionados. Esta información serviría para conocer la situación individual de cada país y para establecer políticas de promoción científica.