Schiff Base-Poloxamer P85 Combination Prevents Prostate Cancer Progression in C57/Bl6 Mice.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer which is the second most common cause of death among men has a high incidence in recent years. Current therapeutic regimens should be improved to overcome drug resistance. At the metastatic stage, tumors become refractory to established chemotherapeutic treatments and cause serious problems at the clinics. Development of new drug molecules that are able to transport through the membrane easily and kill tumor cells rapidly is of great interest. METHOD: In the current study, a novel Heterodinuclear copper(II)Mn(II) Schiff base complex combined with P85 was used for prostate cancer treatment in vivo. Tramp-C1 cells injected animals were subjected to chemotherapeutic formulation treatment and results were analyzed by toxicology analysis, tumor volume measurements, and histopathological analysis. 0.5 mg/kg Schiff base was selected and combined with 0.05% P85 according to the toxicology analysis showing the enzyme levels, blood parameters, and multiple organ toxicity. RESULTS: Results demonstrated that Heterodinuclear copper(II)Mn(II) complex-P85 combination decreased tumor formation and tumor volume steadily over the course of experiments. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, Heterodinuclear copper(II)Mn(II) complex-P85 exerted remarkable anti-cancer activity in vivo in C57/B16 mice. Prostate 76:1454-1463, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Investigation of the Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil in Cisplatin Induced Oral Mucositis: An Experimental Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the histopathologic effect of Nigella Sativa oil (NSO) on cisplatin (Cis) induced oral mucositis (OM) in rats. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were divided into four equal groups. The animals in Group 1 and Group 2 were given 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) Cis systemically on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days of the study. Additionally, 15 mL NSO were given to the rats in Group 2, with gavage feeding on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. The animals in Group 3 were given per oral 15 ml NSO on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. As the control group, Group 4 received a total of 15 mL 0.9% saline solution divided into 5 doses on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 by oral gavage. On the 14th day, animals were euthanized and buccal mucosa from both sides, including submucosal tissues, were excised and taken to histopathological examination. RESULTS: The mean mucosal thicknesses of the groups were 224.58 µm, 276.1 µm, 323.33 µm, and 331.33 µm, respectively for Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 (p<0.05). When the degree of mucosal inflammation was examined, the most intense inflammation was detected in Group 1 and the least intense inflammation was in Group 4 (p<0.01). The degree of inflammation in Group 2 and Group 3 were similar to Group 4 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, NSO, for which anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have been shown in previous studies, may also be effective in preventing Cis-induced OM.

Energy Drink Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Oxidative Damage in Rat Liver and Brain When Used Alone or Combined with Alcohol.

Energy drinks (ED) are containing large doses of metabolic stimulants and its use with ethanol has increased dramatically among young adults. In this study, we examined the effects of ED exposure either alone or in combination with ethanol on oxidative stress parameters including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and lipid peroxidation parameter malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat. Some histopathological findings were also evaluated. ED exposure led to a dose-dependent increase in liver MDA compared to the control indicating oxidative damage. Histopathological findings also revealed that ED alone may generate liver damage. Ethanol exposure increased MDA level and SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activity in both the brain and the liver. The combination of ethanol and ED produced greater damage which is considered by further increases in SOD and GSH-Px activity in the brain. Similar results for MDA were observed in both the liver and brain as well. Our findings suggest that ED consumption alone or combination with ethanol may represent a significant public health concern.

Effects of developmental exposure to silver in ionic and nanoparticle form: A study in rats.

BACKGROUND: Evaluations of silver in both nanoparticle (Ag-NPs) and ionic forms indicate some adverse effects on living organisms, but little is known about their potential for developmental toxicity. In this study, developmental toxicity of Ag-NPs (from 0.2 to 20 mg/kg/day) and ionic Ag (AgNO3, 20 mg Ag/kg/day) were investigated in rats. METHODS: Animals were dosed by gavage from gestation day 7 - 20. The day after parturition, dams and pups were sacrificed and Ag level assessed in several maternal and pup organs. In addition, hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters and histopathology were evaluated. RESULTS: No treatment related effects were found for gestational parameters including pregnancy length, maternal weight gain, implantations, birth weight and litter size at any dose level of Ag-NPs. Maternal weight gain was lower in dams receiving AgNO3 compared to the other groups, suggesting that the ionic form may exert a higher degree of toxicity compared to the NP form. Tissue contents of Ag were higher in all treated groups compared to control dams and pups, indicating transfer of Ag across the placenta. The findings furthermore suggest that Ag may induce oxidative stress in dams and their offspring, although significant induction was only observed after dosing with AgNO3. Histopathological examination of brain tissue revealed a high incidence of hippocampal sclerosis in dams treated with nanoparticle as well as ionic Ag. CONCLUSION: The difference in offspring deposition patterns between ionic and NP Ag and the observations in dam brain tissue, requires scrutiny, and, if corroborated, indicate that ionic and NP forms maybe need separate risk assessments and that the hazard ratings of silver in both ionic and nanoparticle forms should be increased, respectively. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable. Developmental Toxicity of Ag-NPs.