Phenotypic characterization of human peripheral γδT-cell subsets in glioblastoma.

The antitumoral contribution of γδT cells depends on their activation and differentiation into effectors. This depends on different molecules and membrane receptors, which conditions their physiology. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic characteristics of γδT cells in glioblastoma (GBM) according to five layers of membrane receptors. Among ten GBM cases initially enrolled, five of them who had been confirmed by pathological examination and ten healthy controls underwent phenotyping of peripheral γδT cells by flow cytometry, using the following staining: αßTCR, γδTCR, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD25, CD27, CD28, CD45, CD45RA, CD56, NKG2D, CD272(BTLA), and CD279(PD-1). Compared with the controls, the results showed no significant change in the number of γδT cells. However, there was a decrease of double-negative (CD4- CD8- ) Tγδ cells and an increase of naive γδT cells, a lack of CD25 expression, a decrease of the expression of CD279, and a remarkable, but not significant, increase in the expression of the CD27 and CD28 costimulation markers. Among the γδT cell subsets, the number of Vδ2 decreased in glioblastoma and showed no significant difference in the expression of CD16, CD56, and NKG2D. In contrast, the number of Vδ1 increased in glioblastoma with overexpression of CD16, CD56, and NKG2D. Our results showed that γδT cells are prone to adopt a pro-inflammatory profile in the glioblastoma context, which suggests that they might be a potential tool to consider in T cell-based immunotherapy in glioblastoma. However, this requires additional investigation on a larger sample size.

Isolated thoracic intradural extramedullary epidermoid cyst: A technical note.

Background: Congenital, acquired, and iatrogenic spinal epidermoid cysts (EC) are very rare. Methods: A 62-year-old female patient presented with a 5-month history of progressive paraparesis leading to paraplegia secondary to a posterior compressive intradural extramedullary lesion at the T7 level. The patient underwent a laminectomy/durotomy for gross total tumor excision. Results: Histopathology confirmed the lesion was an epidermoid cyst. Although her spasticity improved within 5 weeks, she only regained partial lower extremity motion (i.e., 3/5 motor function). Conclusion: Patients presenting with the acute/subacute onset of paraparesis secondary to spinal EC should undergo timely gross total cyst resections to optimize neurological outcomes.

Association of limited dorsal myeloschizis and corpus callosum lipoma: A case report and literature review.

Background: Intracranial lipomas are a rare clinical entity. These lesions are frequently asymptomatic and originate in the pericallosal area. As they are fat-containing lesions which are intimately attached to the surrounding structures, surgery is not recommended. In some individual reports, subtotal resection is recommended to lessen complications. There have been no previous reports of corpus callosum lipoma (CCL) associated with limited dorsal myeloschizis (LDM). Case Description: We describe the case of a combination of CCL and bilateral choroid plexus lipoma discovered incidentally during the investigation of LDM in a 3-month-old male child. Given the asymptomatic behavior of the lipoma and the vascular elements of the pericallosal area, it was decided to monitor it regularly. Thus, the patient underwent surgery only for LDM. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis, and postoperative follow-up 1 year after showed good evolution. To the best of our knowledge, this association has never been described in the literature. Conclusion: This case suggests a possible developmental relationship between CCL and spinal dysraphism.