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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779888.].
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Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults and are increasing in incidence due to the aging population and the rising availability of neuroimaging. While most exhibit non-malignant behaviour, a subset of meningiomas are biologically aggressive and lead to significant neurological morbidity and mortality. In recent years, meaningful advances in our understanding of the biology of these tumors have led to the incorporation of molecular biomarkers into their grading and prognostication. However, unlike other central nervous system tumors, a unified molecular taxonomy for meningiomas has not yet been established and remains an overarching goal of the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy-Not Official WHO (cIMPACT-NOW) working group. There also remains clinical equipoise on how specific meningioma cases and patient populations should be optimally managed. To address these existing gaps, members of the International Consortium on Meningiomas (ICOM) including field-leading experts, have prepared a comprehensive consensus narrative review directed towards clinicians, researchers, and patients. Included in this manuscript are detailed overviews of proposed molecular classifications, novel biomarkers, contemporary treatment strategies, trials on systemic therapies, health-related quality of life studies, and management strategies for unique meningioma patient populations. In each section we discuss the current state of knowledge as well as ongoing clinical and research challenges to road map future directions for further investigation.
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BACKGROUND: Duret hemorrhage is a rare phenomenon wherein rapid transtentorial herniation results in brainstem injury and hemorrhage. It is usually regarded as a poor prognostic factor representing irreversible and often catastrophic brain injury. The authors report an unusual case of Duret hemorrhage with spontaneous delayed neurological recovery postoperatively after surgical treatment of an acute subdural hematoma (SDH). OBSERVATIONS: The authors present the case of a 65-year-old male who initially presented to the hospital with a large acute left-sided SDH causing 1.3 cm of midline shift. He was taken urgently for a craniotomy, with no significant intraoperative swelling or visible contusions. Postoperative imaging revealed an unexpected pontine hyperdensity concerning for a Duret hemorrhage. He initially had no neurological improvement; however, at 3 weeks postoperatively, he gradually recovered and was able to follow commands and was extubated. At 10 weeks after surgery, his Glasgow Coma Scale score improved to 15, with mild residual left hemiparesis. LESSONS: This case challenges a classic dogma that Duret hemorrhage carries a universally poor outcome. In select cases, patients can make meaningful recoveries in a delayed fashion. The lack of intraoperative contusions and swelling may have contributed to this patient's recovery.