Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty in the management of weight regain after sleeve gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Sleeve gastrectomy is a well-standardized surgical treatment for obesity. However, rates of weight regain after sleeve gastrectomy in long-term follow-up are relatively high. This multicenter study is the first to evaluate the use of an endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) technique for the management of this population. METHODS: This was a multicenter retrospective study, including patients with weight regain following sleeve gastrectomy who underwent ESG for weight loss. Primary outcomes included absolute weight loss, percent total weight loss (%TWL), change in body mass index (BMI), percent excess weight loss (%EWL) at 6 and 12 months, and safety profile. Clinical success was defined as achieving ≥ 25 % EWL at 1 year, ≤ 5 % serious adverse event (SAE) rate following society-recommended thresholds, and %TWL ≥ 10 %. RESULTS: 34 patients underwent ESG after sleeve gastrectomy. Technical success was 100 %. At 1 year, 82.4 % and 100 % of patients achieved ≥ 10 %TWL and ≥ 25 % EWL, respectively. Mean (SD) %TWL was 13.2 % (3.9) and 18.3 % (5.5), and %EWL was 51.9 % (19.1) and 69.9 % (29.9) at 6 months and 1 year, respectively. Mean (SD) %TWL was 14.2 % (12.5), 19.3 % (5.3), 17.5 % (5.2), and 20.4 % (3.3), and %EWL was 88.5 % (52.8), 84.4 % (22.4), 55.4 % (14.8), and 47.8 % (11.2) for BMI categories of overweight and obesity class I, II, and III, respectively, at 1 year. No predictors of success were identified in the multivariable regression analysis. No SAEs were reported. CONCLUSION: ESG appears to be safe and effective in the management of weight regain following sleeve gastrectomy.

Multicenter evaluation of the clinical utility of laparoscopy-assisted ERCP in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The obesity epidemic has led to increased use of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). These patients have an increased incidence of pancreaticobiliary diseases, yet standard ERCP is not possible because of surgically altered gastroduodenal anatomy. Laparoscopy-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP) has been proposed as an option, but supporting data are derived from single-center small case series. Therefore, we conducted a large multicenter study to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of LA-ERCP. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with RYGB who underwent LA-ERCP in 34 centers. Data on demographics, indications, procedure success, and adverse events were collected. Procedure success was defined when all the following were achieved: reaching the papilla, cannulating the desired duct, and providing endoscopic therapy as clinically indicated. RESULTS: A total of 579 patients (median age, 51; 84% women) were included. Indication for LA-ERCP was biliary in 89%, pancreatic in 8%, and both in 3%. Procedure success was achieved in 98%. Median total procedure time was 152 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 109-210), with a median ERCP time of 40 minutes (IQR, 28-56). Median hospital stay was 2 days (IQR, 1-3). Adverse events were 18% (laparoscopy related, 10%; ERCP related, 7%; both, 1%) with the clear majority (92%) classified as mild/moderate, whereas 8% were severe and 1 death occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Our large multicenter study indicates that LA-ERCP in patients with RYGB is feasible with a high procedure success rate comparable with that of standard ERCP in patients with normal anatomy. The ERCP-related adverse events rate is comparable with conventional ERCP, but the overall adverse event rate was higher because of the added laparoscopy-related events.

Outcomes of a novel bariatric stent in the management of sleeve gastrectomy leaks: a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: The management of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy leaks remains a challenge. This can be treated with placement of self-expandable metal stents, which are most effective in the acute and early settings. However, migration is a frequent adverse event (AE). Novel, fully covered stents with a larger proximal flare to limit migration designed specifically to treat postsleeve leaks were recently introduced. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel stent specifically designed for postsleeve leaks treatment. SETTING: Multicenter retrospective study. METHODS: This is a multicenter study, including patients with acute and early post laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy leaks, treated with a large bariatric stent. The outcomes include technical success, clinical success, and safety profile. A multivariable regression was performed to assess predictors of success. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were included (10 acute and 27 early leaks), with 30 stents in the postpyloric (POST) and 7 in the prepyloric position. Technical success was 100%. Mean stent dwell time was 29.08 days. Clinical success was achieved in 78.37%. Leak duration, leak size, and stent dwell time did not correlate with clinical success. During follow-up, 8 patients had stent migration (21.62%) and all were in a POST position. AE poststent removal were also evaluated (prepyloric: 57.14% vs POST: 33.3%, P = .45). There was no difference between prepyloric and POST position in the severe AE analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This novel, large-caliber, fully covered stent specifically designed for sleeve leaks appears to be effective at treating acute and early leaks. However, the large flanges and long stent length do not appear to reduce migration rate and may be associated with higher overall severe AE rates. Avoiding placement in the POST position may help mitigate migration risk; however, owing to the risk profile this stent should be used with caution.

Multiple myeloma with primary manifestation in the mandible: a case report.

Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal malignant proliferation of plasma cells that causes osteolytic lesions in the vertebrae, ribs, pelvic bone, skull and jaw. We report on a clinical case of an 81-year-old male patient who presented with a tumefaction in the mandibular symphysis region, which had evolved over the previous seven months. In the radiographic examination, an extensive osteolytic lesion was observed in the region mentioned above. An incisional biopsy was performed and a histopathological study revealed a malignant hematopoietic neoplasm formed by plasmacytoid cells. During the bone gammagraphy a dissemination of the disease was detected in the scapula, clavicle and ribs. The diagnosis was multiple myeloma. Knowledge about the maxillofacial manifestations of multiple myeloma is important for the early diagnosis of the disease, since its primary form can manifest itself in the jaw. In the clinical case presented here, we highlight the interdisciplinarity needed to obtain a diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma.

Transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the management of biliary tract disease after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass treatment for obesity.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. However, it may lead to diseases of the bilio-pancreatic tract. We evaluated transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for managing common biliary tract diseases in patients that underwent RYGB treatment for obesity. This prospective study was conducted between 2003 and 2010 at three medical institutions. We included 23 patients with a mean body mass index of 28.2 kg/m(2) after RYGB treatment. ERCP was performed in all patients to manage biliary tract diseases within 9 to 27 months (mean 16.3 months) of RYGB surgery. The gastrotomy was conducted through the anterior wall of the greater curve of the excluded stomach. A duodenoscope was introduced in the direction of the ostomy to perform the ERCP with sphincterotomy. All patients underwent an ERCP and papillotomy without incident. Ten patients underwent simultaneous cholecystectomy. A total of 17 gallstones were removed. The average gastrotomy duration was 92.69 min; the average hospital stay was 2 days. One patient had mild acute pancreatitis that resolved clinically. There was no mortality. Laparoscopy-assisted transgastric ERCP was feasible and safe for patients after RYGB. The necessary equipment is available in most bariatric surgery centers.

Gastrobronchial fistula after sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass: endoscopic management and prevention.

Gastrobronchial fistula (GBF) is a serious complication following bariatric surgery, whose treatment by thoracotomy and/or laparotomy involves a high morbidity rate. We present the outcomes of endoscopic management for GBF as a helpful technique for its healing process. This is a multicenter retrospective study of 15 patients who underwent gastric bypass (n = 10) and sleeve gastrectomy (n = 5) and presented GBF postoperatively (mean of 6.7 months). Ten patients developed lung abscess and were treated by antibiotic therapy (n = 10) and thoracotomy (n = 3). Abdominal reoperation was performed in nine patients for abscess drainage (n = 9) and/or ring removal (n = 4) and/or nutritional access (n = 6). The source of the GBF was at the angle of His (n = 14). Furthermore, 14 patients presented a narrowing of the gastric pouch treated by 20 or 30 mm aggressive balloon dilation (n = 11), stricturotomy or septoplasty (n = 10) and/or stent (n = 7). Fibrin glue was used in one patient. We performed, on average, 4.5 endoscopic sessions per patient. Endotherapy led to a 93.3% (14 out of 15) success rate in GBF closure with an average healing time of 4.4 months (range, 1-10 months), being shorter in the stent group (2.5 × 9.5 months). There was no recurrence during the average 27.3-month follow-up. A patient persisted with GBF, despite the fibrin glue application, and decided to discontinue it. GBF is a highly morbid complication, which usually arises late in the postoperative period. Endotherapy through different strategies is a highly effective therapeutic option and should be implemented early in order to shorten leakage healing time.

Endoscopic removal of eroded adjustable gastric band: lessons learned after 5 years and 78 cases.

BACKGROUND: One of the complications of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is intragastric erosion, leading to a revisional procedure to remove the band. Our aim was to present the procedure and results of endoscopic band removal in a 5-year multicenter experience from the Gastro Obeso Center and Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, and Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. METHODS: From 2003 to 2008, 82 patients were diagnosed with band erosion. The clinical data concerning the endoscopic procedure were prospectively recorded and retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The average preoperative body mass index was 43.2 kg/m(2) (range 34-50). At the diagnosis of intragastric erosion, the body mass index was 24-41 kg/m(2) (average 31.8). The erosion occurred an average of 16.3 months (range 6-36) postoperatively. The symptoms included pain in 25 (31%), port infection in 21 patients (27%), and weight regain in 20 (25%), and 12 patients (15%) were asymptomatic. Endoscopic removal was possible for 78 patients (95%). In 85% of patients, the band was removed in the first session, with an average duration of 55 minutes (range 25-150). Five cases of pneumoperitoneum occurred after the procedure. Of these, 3 were treated conservatively, 1 was treated by laparoscopy, and 1 was treated by abdominal puncture using the Veress needle. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic removal of eroded laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is safe and effective. It can be used as a first choice procedure in clinical practice.

Colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en pacientes con asa en Y-de-Roux / Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in Roux-en-Y patients

The reconstruction of the digestive tract with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis has been performed more frequently in the last years mainly due to the overgrowth in the surgical treatment of obesity by gastric bypass in Roux-en-Y. The obesity pandemic is also associated with an increase in both the preoperative and postoperative diagnosis of gallstones in this population. Bearing in mind the greater complexity of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in these circumstances, the authors have reviewed the various endoscopic approaches available, evaluating 249 articles published between 1990 and 2010 obtained from Medline, Cochrane and Scielo, excluding case reports and articles outside the specific scope of this study. Endoscopic techniques with high success rates include the use of enteroscope, colonoscope, enteral and transgastric access combined with surgery. Even with the technological progress already made, further development of the instruments used will be necessary if greater comfort and safety is to be achieved with this procedure.

La reconstrucción del trato digestivo con un asa en Y-de-Roux ha sido más empleada en los últimos años debido principalmente al aumento del tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad mediante el bypass gástrico en Y-de-Roux (BGYR). La pandemia de la obesidad se ha asociado a un aumento en la prevalencia de litiasis biliar en esta población, diagnosticada en el estudio preoperatorio y durante el seguimiento postoperatorio. La colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada (CPRE) posee una mayor complejidad en estas circunstancias donde existe una alteración anatómica que dificulta el acceso a la papila mayor. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir las alternativas de acceso al asa biliopancreática para realizar CPRE en pacientes con un asa en Y-de-Roux enfatizando la accesibilidad técnica, los resultados y complicaciones de los procedimientos. Se realizó una búsqueda y revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos: Medline, Cochrane y Scielo. Se evaluaron 249 publicaciones desde 1990 a 2010, en idioma español, inglés y portugués. Fueron excluidos de esta revisión los reportes de casos y publicaciones no atingentes. Las opciones endoscópicas para realizar CPRE en pacientes con reconstrucción con un asa en Y-de-Roux incluyen: el uso de enteroscopio, colonoscopio, acceso enteral y transgástrico combinado con cirugía. Todos las alternativas presentan una alta tasa de éxito, sin embargo, pese a los avances tecnológicos obtenidos en los últimos años en el instrumental utilizado aún se necesitan herramientas que permitan una mayor comodidad y seguridad para este procedimiento.

Estudo epidemiológico de 1758 fraturas faciais tratadas no Hospital da Restauração, Recife/PE / Epidemiological study of 1758 facial fractures treated at Hospital da Restauração in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Este trabalho teve como finalidade realizar um estudo retrospectivo das fraturas faciais tratadas no Hospital da Restauração na cidade do Recife/PE, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 1988 a dezembrode 1998. Foram examinados 1486 prontuários e coletados dados relativos aos pacientes, etiologia dos traumatismos e localização anatômica das fraturas. As fraturas faciais perfizeram um total de 1758 fraturas com o gênero masculino, representando 84 por cento da amostra, sendo a faixa etária mais acometida entre 21 a 30 anos. As causas mais freqüentes foram as agressões, com 43 por cento da amostra, sendo a mandíbula o osso mais acometido. Conclui-se que pacientes masculinos, na 3ª década de vida, são os mais acometidos no traumatismo bucomaxilofacial, sendo as agressões interpessoais as causas mais comuns.

Fratura de côndilo em paciente usuária de prótese total superior: relato de caso clínico / Condilar fracture of a patient waring full upper protesis: report of a case

As fraturas do colo do côndilo são relativamente comuns, sendo normalmente causadas por impactos na região de sínfise e/ou parassínfise, acarretando efeito de contra-golpe e conseqüente ruptura óssea na zona de fragilidade óssea do colo de côndilo. O tratamento dessas fraturas tem sido, há anos, motivo deconsiderável controvérsia, principalmente quando se confronta as opções de redução aberta ou tratamento funcional. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma fratura de colo de côndilo em uma paciente usuária de prótese total superior, descrevendo as vantagens e desvantagens da técnica de abordagem utilizada.

Multiple Myeloma with primary manifestation in the mandible: a case report

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Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal malignant proliferation of plasma cells that causes osteolytic lesions in the vertebrae, ribs, pelvic bone, skull and jaw. We report on a clinical case of an 81-year-old male patient who presented with a tumefaction in the mandibular symphysis region, which had evolved over the previous seven months. In the radiographic examination, an extensive osteolytic lesion was observed in the region mentioned above. An incisional biopsy was performed and a histopathological study revealed a malignant hematopoietic neoplasm formed by plasmacytoidcells. During the bone gammagraphy a dissemination of the disease was detected in the scapula, clavicle and ribs. The diagnosis was multiple myeloma. Knowledge about the maxillofacial manifestations of multiple myeloma is important for the early diagnosis of the disease, since its primary form can manifest itself in the jaw. In the clinical case presentedhere, we highlight the interdisciplinarity needed to obtain a diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma

Cisto periodontal lateral em localização pouco usual / The lateral periodontal cyst in unusual location

Desde o início do seu reconhecimento, as lesões císticas dos maxilares têm sido largamente estudadas e discutidas. Embora muitas já estarem bem definidas, algumas delas continuam gerando opiniões divergentes, como o Cisto Periodontal Lateral (CPL). Pela raridade da doença, o objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso de cisto periodontal lateral com características não usuais, fazendo considerações quanto a etiologia, seus aspectos clínicos, radiográficos, histológicos, e o seu tratamento, enfocados a luz da literatura recente

Estrutura organizacional e gestão do desempenho nas universidades federais brasileiras / Organizational structure and performance management in Brazilian federal universities

Este artigo trata da questão crucial da estrutura e da organização das instituições federais de ensino superior (Ifes). Os modelos adotados têm uma característica comum: a expansão das unidades burocráticas e a consequente aplicação disfuncional de uma racionalidade formal instituída ampliada constantemente pelas próprias unidades. Cresce, dessa forma, consideravelmente, o aparato-meio e com ele um poder que quase sempre se contrapõe e compromete a qualidade dos resultados da atividade-fim. A gestão do desempenho pelas formas tradicionais, baseadas na hierarquização extremamente verticalizada, nos planos de carreira e na isonomia salarial, compromete muitas vezes a identificação das instituições com a qualidade expressa na excelência acadêmica. A multiplicação das atividades meio e excesso de normalização nos serviços conduzem à formação de nichos corporativos e poderes paralelos, origem da cultura burocrática nas organizações universitárias federais. O artigo sugere uma nova forma de estrutura organizacional, de grande flexibilidade e horizontalidade, particularmente na gestão acadêmica.

Estudo epidemiológico de 261 fraturas faciais atendidas no Hospital Regional do Agreste / Caruaru-PE / Epidemiological study of the 261 facial fractures admitted on Hospital Regional of Agreste / Caruaru-PE

Nosso objetivo foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico de 261 fraturas faciais atendidas no Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Regional do Agreste (HRA) na cidade de Caruaru - PE. Duzentos e trinta e três prontuários de pacientes portadores de fraturas faciais foram analisados resultando num total de 261 fraturas. A partir desses, foram analisados o gênero, idade, agentes etiológico, e distribuição dos ossos fraturados. Foi observada uma freqüência de 84,12% de pacientes do gênero masculino, enquanto 15,88% dos indivíduos afetados eram mulheres. A faixa etária mais acometida no grupo masculino foi entre 21 a 30 anos, enquanto o grupo feminino apresentou a faixa dos 11 aos 20 anos como a de maior incidência. O fator etiológico mais encontrado foi os acidentes de trânsito, seguido por quedas e agressões físicas nos dois grupos. Com relação ao osso fraturado, os ossos próprios do nariz foram os mais acometidos, seguidos por fraturas na mandíbula, zigomático e maxila em ambos os grupos. O conhecimento da incidência e da etiologia das fraturas faciais é de grande importância para os profissionais envolvidos no tratamento desses pacientes. Dentro desse contexto, a Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial afirma-se cada vez mais como uma especialidade de suma importância das emergências de hospitais referência no tratamento de pacientes vítimas do trauma