RESUMEN
(1)One in 9 Americans gets his or her drinking water from a private well. (2) An estimated 20 percent of private wells have contaminants above Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards.(3) Disease outbreaks from private wells are increasing, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Asunto(s)
Agua Potable/efectos adversos , Contaminación del Agua/legislación & jurisprudencia , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Gobierno Federal , Regulación Gubernamental , Agua Subterránea , Humanos , Salud Pública , Gobierno Estatal , Estados Unidos , Contaminación del Agua/prevención & controlRESUMEN
(1) Outbreaks of diseases associated with aquatic venues have nearly quadrupledto more than 40 per year. (2) The Cryptosporidium (Crypto) germ is the leading cause of diarrheal outbreaks related to swimming pools. (3) A national voluntary effort is underway to reduce the number of illnesses and injuries from recreational water facilities.
Asunto(s)
Recreación , Piscinas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Natación/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Microbiología del AguaAsunto(s)
Caprilatos , Agua Potable , Fluorocarburos , Contaminantes del Agua , Contaminación del Agua/legislación & jurisprudencia , Contaminación del Agua/prevención & control , Abastecimiento de Agua/legislación & jurisprudencia , Abastecimiento de Agua/normas , Caprilatos/efectos adversos , Caprilatos/normas , Caprilatos/toxicidad , Agua Potable/efectos adversos , Agua Potable/normas , Gobierno Federal , Fluorocarburos/efectos adversos , Fluorocarburos/normas , Fluorocarburos/toxicidad , Humanos , Gobierno Estatal , Estados Unidos , United States Environmental Protection Agency , Contaminantes del Agua/efectos adversos , Contaminantes del Agua/normas , Contaminantes del Agua/toxicidadRESUMEN
The NEHA Government Affairs program has a long and productive association with the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). The organizations have worked together on any number of legislative and policy areas that directly impact the environmental health profession. One of the keys to the successes of the NEHA/NCSL collaboration has been the recognition of the fact that often some of the most significant legislation and policy initiatives related to environmental public health occur in state legislatures. The states have, in a very real sense, been the innovators in developing new programs and practices. In recognition of this fact, we have asked NCSL to provide occasional overviews of state environmental public health legislative activity, covering topics that are of the most pressing public concern. Doug Farquhar, program director for NCSI's Environmental Health Program, has worked with NCSL since 1990. Mr. Farquhar directs development, management, and research for the Environmental Health Program. These projects encompass consultation and policy analysis of state and federal policies and statutes, regulations, and programs regarding environmental and related topics for state legislatures and administrative programs. Amy Ellis is a law clerk for NCSL within the Environment, Energy, and Transportation Group. As a law clerk she has researched a wide variety of environmental health policies. She is expected to obtain her JD from the University of Colorado Law School in 2015.
Asunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Salud Ambiental/legislación & jurisprudencia , Política de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Servicios de Salud Escolar/legislación & jurisprudencia , Contaminación del Aire Interior/legislación & jurisprudencia , Contaminación del Aire Interior/prevención & control , Amianto , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/prevención & control , Modificación del Cuerpo no Terapéutica/legislación & jurisprudencia , Agua Potable/normas , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/prevención & control , Salud Ambiental/organización & administración , Monitoreo del Ambiente/legislación & jurisprudencia , Epinefrina/uso terapéutico , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Sustancias Peligrosas/normas , Humanos , Gobierno Estatal , Piscinas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/prevención & control , Contaminación Ambiental/legislación & jurisprudencia , Intoxicación por Plomo/prevención & control , Plomo/efectos adversos , Plomo/toxicidad , Adulto , Niño , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Agua Potable/efectos adversos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Gobierno Federal , Humanos , Plomo/sangre , Ingeniería Sanitaria/legislación & jurisprudencia , Gobierno Estatal , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Agua Potable/normas , Abastecimiento de Agua/legislación & jurisprudencia , Gobierno Federal , Programas de Gobierno/economía , Programas de Gobierno/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Salud Pública/legislación & jurisprudencia , Salud Pública/normas , Gobierno Estatal , Estados Unidos , United States Environmental Protection Agency/legislación & jurisprudencia , Abastecimiento de Agua/economía , Abastecimiento de Agua/normasAsunto(s)
Industria Química/legislación & jurisprudencia , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Sustancias Peligrosas/toxicidad , Juego e Implementos de Juego , Niño , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/prevención & control , Regulación Gubernamental , Humanos , Gobierno Estatal , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Literature examining long-term survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with human papillomavirus (HPV) status is lacking. We compare 10-year overall survival (OS) rates for cases to population-based controls. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: Cases surviving 5 years postdiagnosis were identified from the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Study. We examined 10-year survival by site, stage, p16, and treatment using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models. Cases were compared to age-matched, noncancer controls with stratification by p16 and smoking status. RESULTS: Ten-year OS for HNSCC is less than controls. In 581 cases, OS differed between sites with p16+ oropharynx having the most favorable prognosis (87%), followed by oral cavity (69%), larynx (67%), p16- oropharynx (56%), and hypopharynx (51%). Initial stage, but not treatment, also impacted OS. When compared to controls matched on smoking status, the hazard ratio (HR) for death in p16+ oropharynx cases was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7-3.1) for smokers and 2.4 (95% CI: 0.7-8.8) for nonsmokers. Similarly, HR for death in non-HPV-associated HNSCC was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.7-3.0) for smokers and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.4-4.9) for nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: OS for HNSCC cases continues to decrease 5 years posttreatment, even after stratification by p16 and smoking status. Site, stage, smoking, and p16 status are significant factors. These data provide important prognostic information for HNSCC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 Laryngoscope, 129:2506-2513, 2019.