Proliferation and apoptosis dynamics of the normal canine mammary gland during the oestrous cycle evaluated by Ki-67 and Caspase-3 indexes.

Understanding the normal physiology of the canine mammary gland (CMG) is crucial, as it provides a foundational reference for understanding canine mammary neoplasms. The relation between the Proliferation Index (PI) indicated by Ki-67 expression, along with the Apoptotic Index (AI) determined through Caspase-3 expression during the oestrous cycle, is inadequately documented in existing literature. This study seeks to offer insights into the interplay between PI and AI in the CMG across oestrous cycle phases. An extensive investigation was conducted on a diverse case series of bitches (n = 18). Oestrous cycle stages were determined through vaginal cytology, histological examination of the reproductive tract and serum progesterone and oestradiol concentrations. The entire mammary chain was histologically examined, and proliferation and apoptosis were assessed via double immunohistochemistry employing anti-Ki-67 and Caspase-3 antibodies. PI and AI were evaluated through a systematic random sampling approach, counting a minimum of 200 cells for each cell type. There was a significantly higher PI during early dioestrus in all mammary gland components, with a greater proportion of positive cells observed in epithelial cells compared to stromal cells. The highest PI was detected in epithelial cells within the end buds. Significant differences were found in Ki-67 labelling across the cranial mammary glands. A positive and strong correlation was noted between progesterone concentration and PI in epithelial cells. The AI remained consistently low throughout the oestrous cycle, with few differences observed across histological components. Caspase-3 labelling displayed the highest positivity in caudal mammary pairs. A negative and moderate correlation was identified between progesterone concentration and AI in interlobular mesenchymal cells. This study highlights the influence of endocrine regulation on cell proliferation indices in mammary tissue, emphasizing the need to consider these hormonal variations in toxicopathological studies involving canine mammary gland.

Avaliação da magnitude da desvantagem da osteoartrite na vida das pessoas: estudo MOVES / Assessing the magnitude of osteoarthritis disadvantage on people's lives: the MOVES study

Introdução A osteoartrite (OA) é uma das dez doenças mais incapacitantes nos países desenvolvidos e uma das principais causas de dor e incapacitação no mundo. O diagnóstico precoce aumenta a probabilidade de prevenção da progressão da doença. Objetivos Estimar a prevalência de osteoartrite auto-referida e a qualidade de vida em adultos portugueses com 45 ou mais anos de idade. Métodos Estudo observacional, transversal, implementado em domicílios por entrevista interpessoal. Resultados Foram incluídos no estudo 1039 indivíduos com idade média de 62 anos, sendo 54,2% do gênero feminino. A prevalência de osteoartrite auto-referida foi de 9,9%. Os joelhos e as mãos foram o local mais freqüente da doença. A prevalência de OA foi maior em mulheres e em participantes sem atividade profissional. A presença de OA foi maior em participantes com comorbidades. A maioria dos indivíduos já tinham passado por algum tratamento em alguma ocasião de suas vidas para esta doença: 94,5% tiveram tratamento farmacológico, 49,5% fisioterapia, e 19,8% atividade física. A dor estava associada com a estatura, com alguns locais da doença, especificamente pescoço, coluna lombar e ombros, pontuação do SF12 para qualidade de vida, e medidas de impacto no cotidiano dos participantes, gravidade da doença e incapacitação. O impacto da OA no dia-a-dia foi maior em indivíduos que tinham gozado licença por doença ou que pararam de trabalhar por causa da OA, apresentavam-se com pior saúde física e mental, e exibiam maior gravidade da doença. Conclusão Este estudo confirmou que a osteoartrite é uma doença muito relevante, com impacto potencial elevado na qualidade de vida, no funcionamento e na capacidade para o trabalho e, por causa de sua prevalência, exerce um impacto social muito elevado e crescente. .

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the ten most disabling diseases in developed countries and one of the leading causes of pain and disability over the world. Early diagnosis increases the likelihood of preventing disease progression. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of self-reported osteoarthritis and quality of life in Portuguese adults with 45 or more years old. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study, implemented in households by face-to-face interview. Results 1039 subjects with mean age of 62 years and 54.2% female were included. The prevalence of self-reported osteoarthritis was 9.9%. Knees and hands were the most frequent site of disease. The prevalence of OA was higher in women and in participants without professional activity. Presence of OA was higher in participants with comorbidities. Most subjects have done some treatment at some point in time for this disease: 94.5% had drug therapy, 49.5% physiotherapy, and 19.8% physical activity. Pain was associated with height, with some disease locations specifically neck, lower spine and shoulders, SF12 scores of quality of life, and measurements of impact in daily living, severity of disease and disability. The impact of OA in daily living was greater in subjects that had been on sick leave or stopped working due to OA, had worse physical and mental health, and with more severe of disease. Conclusion This study confirmed that osteoarthritis is a very relevant disease with a high potential impact on quality of life, function and work ability and because of its prevalence with a very high growing social impact. .