RESUMEN
It is essential to publish and make available environmental data gathered by emerging robotic platforms to contribute to the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), supported by the United Nations - Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). The transparency of these unique observational datasets needs to be supported by the corresponding robotic records. The data describing the observational platform behaviour and its performance are necessary to validate the environmental data and repeat consistently the in-situ robotic deployment. The Free and Open Source Software (FOSS), proposed in this manuscript, describes how, using the established approach in Earth Sciences, the data characterising marine robotic missions can be formatted and shared following the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles. The manuscript is a step-by-step guide to render marine robotic telemetry FAIR and publishable. State-of-the-art protocols for metadata and data formatting are proposed, applied and integrated automatically using Jupyter Notebooks to maximise visibility and ease of use. The method outlined here aims to be a first fundamental step towards FAIR interdisciplinary observational science.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Starting from late 1990s, new marine robotics competitions have spread around the world. Today, the importance of competitions for both educational purposes and technological innovation is widely recognised by the community. In this paper, we present an overview of this kind of challenges, using the most representative events to describe common trends and unique aspects. RECENT FINDINGS: Recently, competitions have been in a rapid evolution. Trends are the increasing popularity of Grand Challenges, the push for autonomous decision-making, the introduction of multi-domain cooperation and the birth of virtual competitions. More attention has been given to the scientific aspects, stressing the benchmarking/metrological perspective. Finally, forums and workshops are currently seen as a way to complement competitions and to create a community of interest. SUMMARY: Marine robotics competitions enable junior and expert teams to acquire experience in realistic environments. Virtual competitions can help in this aspect. They are useful for preparing team participation in the physical events, especially for open sea competitions. They allow teams to focus on advancing vehicle autonomy. Furthermore, they are important to widen the marine community attracting other robotics and AI experts.
RESUMEN
O objetivo do experimento foi comparar cultivares de aveia quanto a características morfológicas de plantas no início do desenvolvimento que possam mostrar relação com a capacidade de competir com plantas daninhas. Para tanto, foi realizado um experimento a campo na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), durante a estação fria de 2005. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completamente casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram investigadas 10 cultivares de aveia, a saber: 'ALBASUL', 'CFT 1', 'FAPA 5', 'FAPA 6', 'UFRGS 19', 'UPF 16', 'UPFA 20', 'UPFA 22', 'URS 21' e 'URS 22'. As características de planta avaliadas foram: estatura de planta, matéria seca da parte aérea, cobertura foliar do solo, incrementos em estatura, matéria seca e cobertura, potencial competitivo, produtividade biológica, produtividade de grãos e índice de colheita. Constatou-se que cultivares de aveia mostram variações acentuadas em características morfológicas no início do ciclo. As cultivares 'UPF 16' e 'UPFA 22' apresentam características típicas de plantas competidoras devido à elevada cobertura proporcionada por seus dosséis e aos rápidos incrementos em estatura e cobertura do solo na fase inicial de desenvolvimento. A cultivar 'ALBASUL', por outro lado, não é portadora de atributos morfológicos que a caracterizem como portadora de perfil competidor com plantas concorrentes no início do ciclo, embora apresente elevada produtividade de grãos e elevado índice de colheita.
The aim of this study was to compare plant oat morphological traits of cultivars at early stages, that may be more competitive against weeds. A field experiment was performed at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in Eldorado do Sul - RS, during 2005 cold season, in a completely random design, with four replicates. The oat cultivars evaluated were: 'ALBASUL', 'CFT 1', 'FAPA 5', 'FAPA 6', 'UFRGS 19', 'UPF 16', 'UPFA 20', 'UPFA 22', 'URS 21', and 'URS 22'. Plant traits evaluated were: plant height, shoot dry matter, soil canopy coverage, increases in height, dry matter and coverage, competitive potential, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. Oat cultivars show outstanding variations regarding to morphological traits during the initial growth period. 'UPF 16' and 'UPFA 22' cultivars present typical characteristics of competing plants, due to high soil coverage by their canopies and to fast increments in height and in soil coverage, during the initial growth period. 'ALBASUL' cultivar, on the other hand, does not hold a competitor profile with weeds at the beginning of development, although it presents high grain yield and high harvest index.