[Association of physical inactivity with low levels of education]. / Nivel educativo y su asociación con niveles de actividad física en Chile.

BACKGROUND: A higher educational level is associated with healthier lifestyles. AIM: To assess the association between the level of compliance with physical activity recommendations and years of formal education in Chilean adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis include 6,174 participants from the National Health Survey 2016-2017. Physical activity levels were assessed through the Global Physical Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). Physical inactivity was defined as < 600 MET/minute/week. RESULTS: Among subjects without education, 44% and 27% of women and men respectively, were physically inactive. Among women and men with the highest number of years of education (> 16) the figures for physical inactivity were 27% and 15% respectively. The odds for not meeting the physical activity recommendations was 2.3 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.57; 3.38] and 3.9 [95% CI: 2.27; 6.95] in women and men without any formal education respectively, as compared with those who reported 12 years of education. Women and men who reported a high level of education ≥ (16 years) did not show significant differences compared to the reference group. CONCLUSIONS: People with low levels of education are were likely to be physically inactive.

Changes in Body Composition and Physical Performance after a Six-Week International Tour in Young Chilean Female Tennis Players.

Junior tennis players travel a lot to play tennis tournaments; this causes them to spend a lot of time away from their homes and disrupts their training, which could reduce their performance and increase the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in physical performance and body composition after a six-week international tour in young Chilean female tennis players. Thirty young female tennis players (15.4 ± 0.6) participated in this study. Body weight, skinfolds, and perimeters were measured. Body fat percentage (BFP) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) were calculated. For physical performance, 5 m sprint, the 505 with stationary start test (505 test), the pro-agility test, countermovement jump (CMJ), and medicine ball throw (MBT) were evaluated. The results show a significant increase in BFP and decrease in SMM (p < 0.01; d = -0.18 and 0.19, respectively). In terms of physical performance, 5 m sprint, the 505 test (p < 0.01; d = -0.95 and -0.95, respectively), CMJ, MBT, and HJ significantly decreased post-tour (p < 0.05; d = 0.96, 0.89 and 0.47, respectively). We conclude that, after a six-week international tour, there were changes in body composition and a significant decrease in 5 m sprint, the 505 test, CMJ, and MBT.

Physical Exercise Methods and Their Effects on Glycemic Control and Body Composition in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A Systematic Review.

The prevalence of T2DM represents a challenge for health agencies due to its high risk of morbidity and mortality. Physical Activity (PA) is one of the fundamental pillars for the treatment of T2DM, so Physical Exercise (PE) programs have been applied to research their effectiveness. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of PE methods on glycemic control and body composition of adults with T2DM. A systematic review without meta-analysis was performed, using the PubMed database. Quasi-experimental and pure experimental clinical trials were included, which were available free of charge and were published during 2010-2020. In the results, 589 articles were found and 25 passed the inclusion criteria. These were classified and analyzed according to the methods identified (AE, IE, RE, COM, and others), duration and variable(s) studied. It is concluded that PE is effective for glycemic control and body composition in adults with T2DM using different methods (AE, IE, RE, COM, and others), both in the short and long term. Adequate organization of PE components such as frequency, duration, volume, and intensity, is essential.

Effects of a Six-Week International Tour on the Physical Performance and Body Composition of Young Chilean Tennis Players.

In tennis, it is common for young male tennis players to spend several weeks away from their local training camps during the competition season, which could affect their performance. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of a six-week international tour on physical performance and body composition in young Chilean tennis players. Twenty-four men between the ages of 14 and 16 participated in this research. In body composition and anthropometric measurement, body weight, height, skinfolds, and perimeters were measured. Body fat percentage (BFP) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) were calculated. For physical performance, 5-m and 10-m sprints, modified agility test (MAT test), countermovement jump (CMJ), and medicine ball throw (MBT) were evaluated. Results show that, in body composition, BFP and SMM significantly decreased post-tour (p < 0.05; effect sizes ranging from 0.23 to 0.33, respectively). In physical performance, agility and 5-m and 10-m sprints significantly decreased (p < 0.05, effect sizes ranging from −0.63 to 1.10). We conclude that after a six-week international tour, BFP, SMM, agility, and speed (linear sprint) tend to decrease significantly, with a greater effect in the sprint tests.

Physical activity habits and their relationship with sociodemographic factors in Chilean adolescents.

Physical activity plays an important role in the well-being and development of adolescents. Physical activity habits expressed in terms of frequency and duration are consistently associated with sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status. However, there is less evidence of the relationship between the type and context of physical activity in adolescents. The aim of this article is to analyze physical activity habits and their relationship with sociodemographic factors in Chilean adolescents. The cross-sectional study consisted of 7,263 adolescents aged between 10 and 20 years old, students from both public and private schools in all regions of Chile. Physical activity habits were examined by means of a self-report questionnaire. The age groups were classified according to the three stages of adolescence (early: 10 to 13, middle: 14 to 16, and late: 17 to 20 years old). Socioeconomic level was established based on the school vulnerability index (SVI) of the school attended by each adolescent. In the study it was obvious to the level of physical activity for the adolescents was below the international recommendations. A statistically significant association can also be found between the sociodemographic factors studied and the physical activity habits reported by the young people. The multivariate regression analysis established that the risk of not achieving the physical activity recommendations was 2.8 times higher in females than in males, 2.4 times higher in the older age groups (14-16 and 17-20 years old) compared to the 10-13-year age range and 1.1 times in the medium and high vulnerability groups than in the low socioeconomic vulnerability group. These findings highlight the importance of considering all these factors holistically whenever designing programs or public policies that promote the development of healthy physical activity habits in adolescents.

Anthropometric Characterization and Physical Performance by Age and Biological Maturation in Young Tennis Players.

The objective was to analyze anthropometric and physical performance variables as a function of chronological age and biological maturity in young Chilean tennis players. The study was observational, cross-sectional, with descriptive and analytical characteristics. Eighty-seven tennis players were evaluated (58 men 15.1 ± 0.8 years and 29 women, 15.3 ± 0.8 years). The measured anthropometric variables were a sprint test of 20m; a modified agility test; a sit-and-reach test and shoulder flexibility; manual grip strength; horizontal jump in feet; a medicine ball throw; a countermovement vertical jump; an abalakov vertical jump and a 20-m shuttle-run test. The growth velocity acceleration peak (APHV), skeletal muscle mass and fat mass were calculated, R2 and standard error of estimate (SEE) were examined. The results show that chronological age explained the anthropometric variables between 1 and 23% in men and 1 and 29% in women; by biological age, variables were explained between 3 and 53% in men and 2 and 42% in women. Of the physical performance variables, chronological age described between 2 and 24% of them in men and 1 and 29% in women; the same were explained by biological age between 1 and 19% in men and 1 and 26% in women. We conclude that anthropometric variables showed a better relationship with biological age, except for volume of fat tissue, while physical performance variables showed low association with both biological and chronological age.

Relación entre características antropométricas, autopercepción del índice de masa corporal, condición física y hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes universitarios de salud y educación

Introducción: La etapa universitaria es un período de modificación en los estilos de vida. Los estudiantes de carreras de pedagogía y de la salud, adicionalmente, asumirán un rol de guías y modelos respecto a conductas saludables hacia sus estudiantes y pacientes respectivamente. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre las características antropométricas, la autopercepción del índice de masa corporal (IMC), la condición física y los hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes universitarios de carreras de pedagogía y de la salud. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra fue conformada por 158 estudiantes universitarios (edad, 22,5±2,5 años). Se evaluó las características antropométricas, autopercepción del IMC, condición física y hábitos alimentarios. Resultados: El IMC se correlacionó positivamente con el IMC percibido (r= 0.46, p= 0.012). El perímetro de cintura se correlacionó positivamente con el IMC percibido y la fuerza de prensión manual. El porcentaje de grasa corporal se correlacionó positivamente con el IMC percibido y negativamente con la condición física (potencia, prensión manual y flexibilidad). El área muscular del brazo se correlacionó con el IMC percibido, puntaje de IMC percibido y condición física. Los hábitos alimentarios presentaron una correlación negativa con el IMC percibido, pero no así con las características antropométricas. Conclusión: Los estudiantes universitarios de las carreras de salud y educación con mejor características antropométricas (menor IMC, perímetro de cintura y porcentaje de grasa y mayor área muscular del brazo), presentan una autopercepción mayor del IMC y un mejor rendimiento en las pruebas de condición física.

Introduction: The university stage is a period of modification in lifestyles. Pedagogy and health career students, additionally, will assume the role of guides and models regarding healthy behaviours towards their students and patients, respectively. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between anthropometric characteristics, self-perception of body mass index (BMI), physical condition and eating habits among pedagogy and health career university students. Materials and method: Descriptive and correlational study. The sample consisted of 158 university students (age 22.5 ± 2.5 years). Anthropometric characteristics, self-perception of BMI, physical condition and eating habits were evaluated. Results: BMI was positively correlated with perceived BMI (r= 0.46, p= 0.012). Waist circumference was positively correlated with perceived BMI and handgrip strength. The percentage of body fat was positively correlated with the perceived BMI and negatively with the physical condition (power, handgrip and flexibility). Arm muscle area was correlated with perceived BMI, perceived BMI score, and physical condition. Eating habits were negatively correlated with perceived BMI but not with anthropometric characteristics. Conclusion: University students from health and education careers with better anthropometric characteristics (lower BMI, waist circumference and fat percentage, and greater muscle area of the arm), have a higher self-perception of BMI and better performance in fitness tests physical.

Estudio antropométrico y aptitud física en jóvenes tenistas: una revisión sistemática

Luna-Villouta, P.F., Flores Rivera, C.R., Garrido-Méndez, A. y Vargas Victoria. C.R. (2022). Estudio antropométrico y aptitud física en jóvenes tenistas: una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-26. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los artículos científicos originales, disponibles en bases de datos en los últimos veintiún años (2000-2021), acerca del monitoreo de la antropometría y aptitud física en jóvenes tenistas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en tres bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, LILACS y Web of Science, entre enero del 2000 a mayo del 2021; se identificaron inicialmente 73 artículos originales que, posterior a la aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad y exclusión, junto con el procedimiento presentado en el flujograma PRISMA, permitieron obtener 14 artículos, que fueron analizados cualitativamente. Los resultados evidencian que existe la necesidad de mayores indagaciones, especialmente a nivel sudamericano y en las mujeres; no obstante, es importante señalar que estos estudios aportan con referencias antropométricas muy similares a las encontradas en otras regiones del mundo. Por otro lado, la antropometría y el desempeño en pruebas de aptitud física presentan mejores indicadores en relación con la edad cronológica, rendimiento en la modalidad (ranking nacional) y entrenamiento específico. Al comparar por género, existen diferencias significativas en antropometría y pruebas de aptitud física. Finalmente, tanto en mujeres como en hombres, la maduración avanzada se asocia al mejor desempeño en las pruebas de velocidad de desplazamiento, de fuerza y potencia muscular. Es necesario considerar esta información para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo, detección de talento y prevenir lesiones en tenistas adolescentes.

Luna-Villouta, P.F., Flores Rivera, C.R., Garrido-Méndez, A. & Vargas Victoria. C.R. (2022). Estudio antropométrico y aptitud física en jóvenes tenistas: una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-26. The objective of the study was to examine original scientific articles available in data bases for the past twenty-one years (2000-2021) concerning monitoring of anthropometry and physical fitness in young tennis players. A systematic review was carried out in three online data bases (PubMed, LILACS and Web of Science) from January, 2000 to May, 2021. Initially, 73 original articles were identified. After applying criteria of eligibility and exclusion, together with the procedure presented in the PRISMA flowchart, 14 articles were selected and were qualitatively analyzed. The results show the need for further research, mainly in South America and among women. However, it is important to point out that these studies offer anthropometric references very similar to those found in other regions in the world. On the other hand, anthropometry and performance in physical fitness tests show better indicators concerning chronological age, performance in a given modality (national ranking) and specific training. When genders were compared, significant differences were found in terms of anthropometry and physical fitness. Finally, both in women and in men, advanced maturity is associated with better performance in speed tests for movement, strength and muscle power. These data need to be considered in order to improve sports performance, detect talent and prevent injuries in adolescent tennis players.

Luna-Villouta, P.F., Flores Rivera, C.R., Garrido-Méndez, A. e Vargas Victoria. C.R. (2022). Estudio antropométrico y aptitud física en jóvenes tenistas: una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-26. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os artigos científicos originais, disponíveis em bancos de dados nos últimos 21 anos (2000-2021), sobre o monitoramento da antropometria e aptidão física em jovens tenistas. Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada em três bancos de dados eletrônicos: PubMed, LILACS e Web of Science, de janeiro de 2000 a maio de 2021; inicialmente, foram identificados 73 artigos originais que, após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade e exclusão, juntamente com o procedimento apresentado no fluxograma PRISMA, permitiram a obtenção de 14 artigos, que foram qualitativamente analisados. Os resultados mostram que há necessidade de maiores pesquisas, especialmente no âmbito sul-americano e nas mulheres; no entanto, é importante notar que esses estudos fornecem referências antropométricas muito semelhantes às encontradas em outras regiões do mundo. Por outro lado, antropometria e desempenho em testes de aptidão física apresentam melhores indicadores em relação à idade cronológica, desempenho na modalidade (ranking nacional) e formação específica. Quando comparadas por gênero, há diferenças significativas na antropometria e nos testes de aptidão física. Finalmente, tanto em mulheres quanto em homens, a maturação avançada está associada ao melhor desempenho em testes de velocidade de deslocamento, força e potência muscular. É necessário considerar essas informações para melhorar o desempenho esportivo, a detecção de talentos e prevenir lesões em tenistas adolescentes.

Nivel educativo y su asociación con niveles de actividad física en Chile / Association of physical inactivity with low levels of education

Background: A higher educational level is associated with healthier lifestyles. Aim: To assess the association between the level of compliance with physical activity recommendations and years of formal education in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: Analysis include 6,174 participants from the National Health Survey 2016-2017. Physical activity levels were assessed through the Global Physical Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). Physical inactivity was defined as < 600 MET/minute/week. Results: Among subjects without education, 44% and 27% of women and men respectively, were physically inactive. Among women and men with the highest number of years of education (> 16) the figures for physical inactivity were 27% and 15% respectively. The odds for not meeting the physical activity recommendations was 2.3 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.57; 3.38] and 3.9 [95% CI: 2.27; 6.95] in women and men without any formal education respectively, as compared with those who reported 12 years of education. Women and men who reported a high level of education ≥ (16 years) did not show significant differences compared to the reference group. Conclusions: People with low levels of education are were likely to be physically inactive.

Prevalencia de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos de columna lumbar en trabajadoras y límites biomecánicos en el manejo de carga y pacientes / Prevalence of low back disorders among female workers and biomechanical limits on the handling of load and patients

El propósito del estudio fue determinar la asociación entre prevalenciade trastornos músculo-esqueléticos en mujeres trabajadoras y demandas biomecánicas de fuerza de compresión y corte en columna lumbar. El estudio fue efectuado en 11 grupos de trabajadoras. Se determinó prevalencia de trastornos de la región lumbar y se utilizó el software 3DSSPP para establecer demandas biomecánicas en columna lumbar. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre prevalencia de trastornos lumbares y fuerza pick de compresión fue r = 0.9 (p < 0.005). El coeficiente de correlación de Spearman entre prevalencia de trastornos lumbares y fuerza pick de corte fue r = 0.9 (p < 0.005). Al definir niveles que protejan al 90 por ciento de las trabajadorasestudiadas, los límites de fuerza pick de compresión y corte deberían situarse en 2.8 kN y 0.3 kN, respectivamente. Estos valores difieren de las recomendaciones actuales de 3.4 kN para fuerza pick de compresión y 0.5 kN para fuerza pick de corte.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the association between prevalence of low back disorders in female workers and biomechanical demands of compressive and shear forces at the lumbar spine. A descriptive, cross and correlation study was carried out in 11 groups of female workers in the Province of Concepción. An interview was performed to investigate the prevalence of low back pain. To estimate biomechanical demands on the lumbar spine, it was used the 3DSSPP software. The Pearson correlation coefficient between theprevalence of low back disorders and peak compression force at lumbar spine was r = (p<0.005). The Spearman correlation coefficient between the prevalence of low back disorders and peak shear force was r = 0.9 (p < 0.005). To protect 90 por ciento of female workers studied, the limits of compression and shear forces should be at 2.8 kN and 0.3 kN, respectively. These values differ from the recommendations currently used, 3.4 kN for peak compression force and 0.5 kN for peak shear force.

Prevalencia de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos en funcionarios de centros hospitalarios que realizan manejo de pacientes y caracterización de potenciales factores de riesgo / Prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases and potential risk factors among hospital personnel handling patients

El estudio tuvo como propósito identificar potenciales factores de riesgo de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos (TMEs) en procedimientos realizados por personal de seis cargos (n=78), que efectuaban manejo de pacientes en labores pre e intrahospitalarias. El diseño de la investigación es descriptivo transversal. Se determinó prevalencia de TMEs, condición física de los funcionarios, carga física, demandas biomecánicas y de organización del trabajo. La prevalencia de TMEs en los cargos estudiados se extendió entre 14,3 por ciento a 36,4 por ciento. La carga cardiovascular promedio de los grupos presentó un rango de 22,3 por ciento a 27,1 por ciento. Las fuerzas pick de compresión y corte, en las tareas de mayor demanda biomecánica, registraron rangos de 3,5 kN a 5,6 kNy de 0,35 kN a 0,81 kN, respectivamente. La presión por cantidad de trabajo fue el único aspecto de organización que presentó asociación estadística significativa con prevalencia de TMEs (r = 0,83). Los resultados del estudio confirman el carácter multifactorial de la generación de este tipo de trastornos. En las labores analizadas, los potenciales factores de riesgo de TMEs correspondieron a las demandas que derivan de variables biomecánicas, de organización del trabajo, equipamiento, infraestructura, así como también relacionadas con las características de las personas.

The purpose of the study was to identify potential risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in patient handling procedures carried out by personnel of six different positions (n=78) in both prehospital and intrahospital settings. A descriptive cross–sectional study was designed. Prevalence of MSDs, physical condition, physical workload, and biomechanical and work organization factors were determined. The prevalence of MSD ranged from 14.3 percent to 36.4 percent. The mean cardiovascular workload in the six groups was between 22.3 percent and 27.1 percent. In the tasks of greater biomechanical demand, percent peak compression and shear forces ranged between 3.5 kN to 5.6 kNand 0.35 kN to 0.81 kN, respectively. The perception of pressure at work was the only organizational aspect that showed significant statistical association with prevalence of MSD (r=0.83). Results confirm the multi-factor nature of the musculoskeletal diseases. In the activities analyzed, it was found that the potential MSD risk factors were related to biomechanical variables, organization at work, equipment, infrastructure and personal characteristics.