RESUMEN
AIM: Epidemiological and clinical studies indicated a relationship of periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to identify shared genetic susceptibility loci of RA and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven risk genes of genome-wide significance of RA and SLE were genotyped in a German case-control sample of aggressive periodontitis (AgP), using Immunochip genotyping arrays (Illumina, 600 cases, 1440 controls) and Affymetrix 500 K Genotyping Arrays (280 cases and 983 controls). Significant associations were replicated in 168 Dutch AgP cases and 679 controls and adjusted for the confounders smoking and sex. RESULTS: Variants at IRF5 and PRDM1 showed association with AgP. Upon covariate adjustment for smoking and sex, the most strongly associated variant at IRF5 was the rare variant rs62481981 (ppooled = 0.0012, odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.6-6.1; 801 cases, 1476 controls).Within PRDM1 it was rs6923419 (ppooled = 0.004, OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6-0.9; 833 cases, 1440 controls). The associations lost significance after correction for multiple testing in the replication. Both genes are implicated in beta-interferon signalling and are also genome-wide associated with SLE and inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSION: The study gives no definite evidence for a pathogenic genetic link of periodontitis and RA but suggests IRF5 and PRDM1 as shared susceptibility factors.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis Agresiva/genética , Variación Genética/genética , Factores Reguladores del Interferón/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Dedos de Zinc/genética , Artritis Reumatoide/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Mapeo Cromosómico , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Genotipo , Humanos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/genética , Interferón beta/genética , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/genética , Intrones/genética , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento/genética , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/genética , Masculino , Factor 1 de Unión al Dominio 1 de Regulación Positiva , Factores Sexuales , Transducción de Señal/genética , FumarRESUMEN
AIM: Identification of variants within genes SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 coding for vitamin C transporter proteins associated with aggressive (AgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Employment of three independent case-control samples of AgP (I. 283 cases, 979 controls; II. 417 cases, 1912 controls; III. 164 cases, 357 controls) and one sample of CP (1359 cases, 1296 controls). RESULTS: Stage 1: Among the tested single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the rare allele (RA) of rs6596473 in SLC23A1 showed nominal significant association with AgP (p = 0.026, odds ratio [OR] 1.26, and a highly similar minor allele frequency between different control panels. Stage 2: rs6596473 showed no significant association with AgP in the replication with the German and Dutch case-control samples. After pooling the German AgP populations (674 cases, 2891 controls) to significantly increase the statistical power (SP = 0.81), rs6596473 RA showed significant association with AgP prior to and upon adjustment with the covariates smoking and gender with padj = 0.005, OR = 1.35. Stage 3: RA of rs6596473 showed no significant association with severe CP. CONCLUSION: SNP rs6596473 of SLC23A1 is suggested to be associated with AgP. These results add to previous reports that vitamin C plays a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis Agresiva/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Transportadores de Sodio Acoplados a la Vitamina C/genética , Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Periodontitis Crónica/genética , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Variación Genética/genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Sexuales , FumarRESUMEN
AIM: Many studies investigated the role of genetic variants in periodontitis, but few were established as risk factors. We aimed to validate the associations of recent candidate genes in aggressive periodontitis (AgP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed 23 genes in 600 German AgP patients and 1441 controls on the Illumina custom genotyping array Immunochip. We tested a suggestive association in a Dutch and German/Austrian AgP case-control sample, and a German chronic periodontitis (CP) case-control sample using Sequenom iPlex assays. We additionally tested the common known risk variant rs1333048 of the gene ANRIL for its association in a Turkish and Italian population. RESULTS: None of the analysed genes gave statistical evidence for association. Upon covariate adjustment for smoking and gender, in the pooled German-Austrian AgP sample, IL10 SNP rs6667202 was associated with p = 0.016, OR = 0.77 (95% CI = 0.6-0.95), and in the Dutch AgP sample, adjacent IL10 SNP rs61815643 was associated with p = 0.0009, OR = 2.31 (95% CI = 1.4-3.8). At rs61815643, binding of the transcription factor PPARG was predicted. ANRIL rs1333048 was associated in the Turkish sample (pallelic = 0.026, OR = 1.67 [95% CI = 1.11-2.60]). CONCLUSIONS: Previous candidate genes carry no susceptibility factors for AgP. Association of IL-10 rs61815643 with AgP is suggested. ANRIL is associated with periodontitis across different populations.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis Agresiva/genética , Periodontitis Crónica/genética , Interleucina-10/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Austria , Sitios de Unión/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Alemania , Humanos , Italia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Países Bajos , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Factores de Riesgo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Turquía , Población Blanca/genéticaRESUMEN
AIM: Involvement of TLR2 in the pathophysiology of periodontitis has widely been discussed, but hitherto, no validated genetic associations were reported. Previous association studies lacked sufficient statistical power and adequate haplotype information to draw unambiguous conclusions. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate TLR2 linkage disequilibrium (LD) regions for their potential associations with periodontitis in two large analysis populations of aggressive (AgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) of North West European descent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised 598 AgP patients, 914 CP patients and 1804 healthy controls. Analysis of TLR2 LD regions was performed with haplotype tagging SNPs (tagSNPs) using SNPlex and TaqMan genotyping assays. Genotypic, dominant, multiplicative, and recessive genetic models were tested. The genotypes were adjusted for the covariates smoking, diabetes, and gender. Resequencing was performed by Sanger technology. RESULTS: Upon covariate adjustment and correction for multiple testing, no tagSNPs showed significant associations with AgP or CP. Targeted resequencing of exon 3 in 47 AgP cases identified carriership of two common and three rare variants. CONCLUSION: Common LD regions of TLR2 do not show genetic associations with periodontitis in the North West European population. Resequencing of exon 3 could not identify disease-associated rare variants in TLR2.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis Agresiva/genética , Periodontitis Crónica/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 2/genética , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Exones/genética , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Alemania , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Genéticos , Países Bajos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Población Blanca/genéticaRESUMEN
Epidemiological studies have indicated a relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontitis. Recently, CDKN2BAS was reported as a shared genetic risk factor of CHD and aggressive periodontitis (AgP), but the causative variant has remained unknown. To identify and validate risk variants in different European populations, we first explored 150 kb of the genetic region of CDKN2BAS including the adjacent genes CDKN2A and CDKN2B, covering 51 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in AgP and chronic periodontitis (CP) in individuals of Dutch origin (n=313). In a second step, we tested the significant SNP associations in an independent AgP and CP population of German origin (n=1264). For the tagSNPs rs1360590, rs3217992, and rs518394, we could validate the associations with AgP before and after adjustment for the covariates smoking, gender and diabetes, with SNP rs3217992 being the most significant (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.85; p=0.0004). We further showed in vivo gene expression of CDKN2BAS, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and CDK4 in healthy and inflamed gingival epithelium (GE) and connective tissue (CT), and detected a significantly higher expression of CDKN2BAS in healthy CT compared to GE (p=0.004). After 24 h of stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis in Streptococcus gordonii pre-treated gingival fibroblast (HGF) and cultured gingival epithelial cells (GECs), we observed a 25-fold and fourfold increase of CDKN2BAS gene expression in HGFs (p=0.003) and GECs (p=0.004), respectively. Considering the global importance of CDKN2BAS in the disease risk of CHD, this observation supports the theory of inflammatory components in the disease physiology of CHD.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/complicaciones , Inhibidor p15 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/genética , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Periodontitis/genética , Periodontitis/microbiología , ARN sin Sentido/genética , Población Blanca/genética , Adulto , Periodontitis Agresiva/complicaciones , Periodontitis Agresiva/genética , Periodontitis Agresiva/microbiología , Periodontitis Crónica/complicaciones , Periodontitis Crónica/genética , Periodontitis Crónica/microbiología , Quinasa 4 Dependiente de la Ciclina/genética , Quinasa 4 Dependiente de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Inhibidor p15 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/genética , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/enzimología , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Femenino , Fibroblastos/enzimología , Fibroblastos/microbiología , Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Encía/microbiología , Encía/patología , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento/genética , Masculino , Periodontitis/complicaciones , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Porphyromonas gingivalis/fisiología , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Streptococcus gordonii/fisiología , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Genetic studies demonstrated the presence of risk alleles in the genes ANRIL and CAMTA1/VAMP3 that are shared between coronary artery disease (CAD) and periodontitis. We aimed to identify further shared genetic risk factors to better understand conjoint disease mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: In-depth genotyping of 46 published CAD risk loci of genome-wide significance in the worldwide largest case-control sample of the severe early-onset phenotype aggressive periodontitis (AgP) with the Illumina Immunochip (600 German AgP cases, 1448 controls) and the Affymetrix 500K array set (283 German AgP cases and 972 controls) highlighted ANRIL as the major risk gene and revealed further associations with AgP for the gene PLASMINOGEN (PLG; rs4252120: P=5.9×10(-5); odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-1.4 [adjusted for smoking and sex]; 818 cases; 5309 controls). Subsequent combined analyses of several genome-wide data sets of CAD and AgP suggested TGFBRAP1 to be associated with AgP (rs2679895: P=0.0016; odds ratio, 1.27 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.5]; 703 cases; 2.143 controls) and CAD (P=0.0003; odds ratio, 0.84 [95% confidence interval, 0.8-0.9]; n=4117 cases; 5824 controls). The study further provides evidence that in addition to PLG, the currently known shared susceptibility loci of CAD and periodontitis, ANRIL and CAMTA1/VAMP3, are subjected to transforming growth factor-ß regulation. CONCLUSIONS: PLG is the third replicated shared genetic risk factor of atherosclerosis and periodontitis. All known shared risk genes of CAD and periodontitis are members of transforming growth factor-ß signaling.