Takotsubo syndrome: an overview of pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment with emphasis on cancer patients.

Takotsubo syndrome is a disease of great clinical importance that remains underdiagnosed. It is a form of acute heart failure characterized by a transient wall motion abnormality of the left ventricular apex typically triggered by emotional or physical stress. Takotsubo syndrome is commonly associated with cancer and results in poor outcomes. Therefore, early recognition and prompt therapy are essential to improve prognosis. The aim of this manuscript is to review the consequences of the association between cancer and Takotsubo to summarize the available evidence to guide physicians to improve the management of these patients.

Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer.

Cancer patients have a higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) than general population, the pathophysiology mechanisms involves the pro inflammatory status of immune system in these patients and the exacerbated inflammatory response to cancer treatment and surgeries. Adequate management and prophylaxis for its occurrence are important and reduce morbidity and mortality in this population. There is a challenge in AF related to cancer to predict thromboembolic and bleeding risk in these patients, once standard stroke and hemorrhagic prediction scores are not validated for them. It is used CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, the same as used in general population. In this review, we demonstrate correlated mechanisms to occurrence AF in cancer patients as well as therapeutic challenges in this population.

Tocilizumab in SARS-COVID19 following postoperative laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy for the adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric tumor: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is one of the most challenging surgical procedures, with high rates of morbidity, especially from respiratory complications. SARS-COVID19 represents a health threat nowadays. Peri-operative SARS-COVID19 infection after esophagectomy might negatively affect the postoperative outcomes. The use of tocilizumab as an alternative to reduce the inflammatory response in SARS-COVID19 is an option that has not been described in the literature after esophagectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A SARS-COVID19-vaccinated (CORONAVAC) 73-year-old man with pulmonary emphysema, coronary artery disease, previous asymptomatic pulmonary embolism, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction tumor was submitted to laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy (ypT2N0M0) after perioperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. He was also infected with SARS-COVID19, confirmed by PCR test at the 14th postoperative day. During follow-up, mild hypoxemia persisted without evidence of infection except for SARS-COVID19, and a high-flow cannula was required to maintain oxygenation. Tocilizumab was administered following high parameters of a high-flow cannula, and invasive mechanical ventilation was avoided. DISCUSSION: Besides of the risk of secondary infection, after administration of tocilizumab, the parameters of oxygen supplementation were systematically reduced, and he stayed in the ICU for seven days. He was discharged from the ward six days later. He developed late cervical anastomotic leakage, which was treated with conservative therapy. CONCLUSION: Although the patient had high-risk comorbidities, esophagectomy, and SARS-COVID19 infection, the use of tocilizumab was safe and improved the pulmonary recovery.

Acute coronary syndrome due to an invasive thymoma with blood supply by circumflex artery-a case report.

Thymomas are usually tumors with a good prognosis but with potential to invade nearby structures. We report a case of a 56-year-old woman previously diagnosed with an invasive thymoma that came to the emergence room with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome. After a coronary computed tomography angiography, it was seen that the tumor was invading the myocardial and it was irrigated by the left circumflex coronary and its branches. Considering her poor prognosis, it was decided not to make further interventions. This case highlights a unique and rare case of an unresectable thymoma that was invading the myocardium and it was irrigated by the left circumflex coronary and its branches, causing typical angina due to compromised coronary blood flow by the mass causing ischemia.

Cardiovascular Manifestations of Erdheim-Chester's Disease: A Case Series.

Erdheim-Chester Disease is a rare entity, classified as an inflammatory myeloid neoplasm, with an unknown incidence, occurring preferentially in men after 50 years of age. Classically, it has a multisystemic presentation, with the skeletal system being the most frequently affected (90% of the patients), followed by genitourinary involvement in 60% of cases and central nervous system in the pituitary and diabetes insipidus in 25% of the cases. Cardiovascular manifestations are present in more than half of the patients, with aortic infiltration and atrial pseudotumor being the most common forms.

Cardiovascular Manifestations of Erdheim-Chester's Disease: A Case Series / Manifestações Cardiovasculares da Doença de Erdheim-Chester: Uma série de Casos

Abstract Erdheim-Chester Disease is a rare entity, classified as an inflammatory myeloid neoplasm, with an unknown incidence, occurring preferentially in men after 50 years of age. Classically, it has a multisystemic presentation, with the skeletal system being the most frequently affected (90% of the patients), followed by genitourinary involvement in 60% of cases and central nervous system in the pituitary and diabetes insipidus in 25% of the cases. Cardiovascular manifestations are present in more than half of the patients, with aortic infiltration and atrial pseudotumor being the most common forms.

Resumo A doença de Erdheim-Chester é uma entidade rara classificada como neoplasia mielóide inflamatória, com incidência desconhecida que ocorre preferencialmente em homens após os 50 anos de idade. Classicamente apresenta-se de forma multissistêmica, sendo sistema esquelético o mais frequentemente comprometido (90% dos pacientes), seguido do sistema geniturinário em 60% dos casos e sistema nervoso central em hipófise e diabetes insipidus em 25% dos casos. As manifestações cardiovasculares estão presentes em mais da metade dos pacientes, sendo a infiltração da aorta e o pseudotumor atrial as formas mais encontradas.

Radioterapia e cardiotoxicidade / Radiotherapy and cardiotoxicity

Os avanços da radioterapia aumentaram a taxa de sobrevida dos pacientes em tratamento oncológico em até 90% em alguns casos. A prevalência acumulada de doença cardíaca relacionada com a radioterapia é estimada em 10% a 30% de 5 a 10 anos após o tratamento e é dose-dependente. A dose acumulada e seu fracionamento podem determinar os efeitos cardíacos agudos e crônicos da radioterapia. Além disso, a progressão da doença cardíaca induzida pela radiação a curto e longo prazo em cada paciente ainda não é completamente compreendida. Sabe-se que o dano cardíaco está relacionado com o dano endotelial que acomete a micro e a macrovasculatura, e o acompanhamento dos pacientes expostos deve seguir recomendações.

Advances in radiotherapy have increased the survival rate of cancer patients by up to 90% in some cases. The cumulative prevalence of radiotherapy-related heart disease is estimated at 10% to 30% five to ten years after treatment, and is dose-dependent. The accumulated dose and its fractionation may result in acute and chronic cardiac effects of radiotherapy. In addition, the progression of short- and long-term radiation-induced heart disease in each patient is still not fully understood. It is known that heart damage is related to endothelial damage, which affects the micro and macro vasculature, and the follow-up to these exposed patients should follow the recommendations