Evaluation of graded levels of soy oil as a fish oil replacement in high soy protein feeds for juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus.

A 9-week feeding trial was conducted with juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, to evaluate the use of soy oil as a fish oil replacement. Three primary protein sources (fishmeal - FM, soybean meal - SBM, and soy protein concentrate - SPC) were utilized with 100% fish oil (FM, SBM, SPC), 75% fish oil (SBM, SPC), or 50% fish oil (FM, SBM, SPC) as the lipid source. Traditional growth and performance metrics (specific growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio) were tracked and tissue samples (liver, muscle, plasma, adipose, and brain) were collected for gas chromatography-based fatty acid profiling. Ten lipid metabolism related genes were analyzed for potential expression differences between dietary treatments in liver and muscle tissues and whole body and fillet tissues were sampled for proximate composition analyses. Forty- four fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and evaluated with principle component analysis and ANOVA to understand the dietary influence on lipid metabolism and health. Significant differences in growth rate were observed with the SBM 50% fish oil diet outperforming the FM 100% fish oil reference diet. All other soy protein-based diets performed statistically equivalent to both FM reference diets (100% and 50% fish oil) in regard to growth, however all soy protein-based formulations had significantly lower feed conversion ratios than the fishmeal-based references (p < .001). Gene expression differences were not significant in most cases, however often trended similarly as the observed performance. Fatty acid profiles differed as a function of oil source, with no apparent influence by protein source, with C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid) being-the primary differentiator. Overall, the six soy protein, fishmeal-free formulations performed equivalently or better than the fishmeal references with up to 50% of fish oil replaced by soybean oil.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in the pediatric intensive care unit population.

OBJECTIVES: To report the occurrence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), discuss its pathophysiology, and outline an approach to management in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) patient. DESIGN: Retrospective case reports. SETTING: Pediatric ICU in a tertiary-care center. PATIENTS AND RESULTS: Two pediatric ICU patients (2 and 6 mos of age) who developed HIT in the pediatric ICU. One was receiving heparin as a flush solution through a central line and the other had full heparinization during cardiopulmonary bypass. Both had received heparin during their neonatal course and developed thrombocytopenia; however, HIT was not considered as a possible diagnosis. HIT was diagnosed using a heparin-induced platelet aggregation study. The thrombocytopenia resolved with the cessation of heparin administration. One of the patients developed a deep vein thrombosis around a femoral venous catheter. CONCLUSION: Although well described in the adult literature, there have been a limited number of reports of HIT in pediatric-aged patients. Given its potential for morbidity, HIT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia in the pediatric ICU patient.

Abdominal cocoon: idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis.

Abdominal cocoon, or idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, is a rare condition characterised by the presence of a dense fibrocollagenous membrane partially or totally encapsulating the small bowel leading to recurrent intestinal obstructions. We present the case of a patient who has presented for the fourth time with a small bowel obstruction. Previous laparoscopy revealed a plaque-like reactive process encapsulating much of the small bowel and the liver. After initial adhesiolysis, the patient's obstructions continued to reoccur. Further laparotomy was performed in order to excise the entirety of the cocoon membrane and free up loops of small bowel encapsulated by the process, hopefully preventing future obstructions.