Dynamic repulsive interaction enables an asymmetric electron-phonon coupling for improving Raman scattering.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are an excellent platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). For ReS2, the Raman enhancement effect can be highly improved through the dipole-dipole interactions and synergistic resonance effects in the phase-engineering ReS2 films. However, the performance of the substrate can be improved further through regulating the electronic interaction between the ReS2 and probe molecules. Herein, a dynamic coulomb repulsion strategy is proposed to trigger an electronic state redistribution by asymmetric electrostatic interactions. With the phase-engineering ReS2/graphene heterostructure as a prototype, under laser excitation, the generated hot electrons in graphene and ReS2 can repel each other due to Coulomb interaction, which breaks the symmetrical distribution of hot electrons in ReS2, and increases the electronic concentration at the interface between ReS2 and the probe molecule. With R6G as the probe molecule, the asymmetric electron distribution and synergistic resonance effects on their interface improve the limit of detection to 10-12 M with an EF of 2.15 × 108. Meanwhile, the heterostructure also shows good uniformity, stability as well as unique anisotropy. This strategy can be generalized to other 2D heterostructures to obtain the ultrasensitive SERS substrates.

Effect of antiplatelet therapy after COVID-19 diagnosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may predispose patients to thrombotic disease in the venous and arterial circulations. METHODS: Based on the current debate on antiplatelet therapy in COVID-19 patients, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of antiplatelet treatments. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science on February 1, 2023, and only included Randomized clinical trials. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and used Random-effects models to estimate the pooled percentage and its 95% CI. RESULTS: Five unique eligible studies were included, covering 17,950 patients with COVID-19. The result showed no statistically significant difference in the relative risk of all-cause death in antiplatelet therapy versus non-antiplatelet therapy (RR 0.94, 95% CI, 0.83-1.05, P = 0.26, I2 = 32%). Compared to no antiplatelet therapy, patients who received antiplatelet therapy had a significantly increased relative risk of major bleeding (RR 1.81, 95%CI 1.09-3.00, P = 0.02, I2 = 16%). The sequential analysis suggests that more RCTs are needed to draw more accurate conclusions. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the use of antiplatelet agents exhibited no significant benefit on all-cause death, and the upper bound of the confidence interval on all-cause death (RR 95% CI, 0.83-1.05) suggested that it was unlikely to be a substantiated harm risk associated with this treatment. However, evidence from all RCTs suggested a high risk of major bleeding in antiplatelet agent treatments. CONCLUSION: According to the results of our sequential analysis, there is not enough evidence available to support or negate the use of antiplatelet agents in COVID-19 cases. The results of ongoing and future well-designed, large, randomized clinical trials are needed.

Recent Advances in Biosensors for Nucleic Acid and Exosome Detection.

Biosensors are analytical devices for biomolecule detection that compromise three essential components: recognition moiety, transducer, and signal processor. The sensor converts biomolecule recognition to detectable signals, which has been applied in diverse fields such as clinical monitoring, in vitro diagnostics, food industry etc. Based on signal transduction mechanisms, biosensors can be categorized into three major types: optical biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and mass-based biosensors. Recently, the need for faster, more sensitive detection of biomolecules has compeled researchers to develop various sensing techniques. In this review, the basic structure and sensing principles of biosensors are introduced. Additionally, the review discusses multiple recent works about nucleic acid and exosome sensing.