Decreased rotator cuff muscle cross-sectional areas in subjects with adhesive capsulitis: a study comparing male and female subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To compare rotator cuff (RC) muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) in subjects with adhesive capsulitis (AC) to age- and sex-matched controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 97 shoulder MRIs or MR arthrography studies, of which 42 were clinically diagnosed with AC (27 female, 15 male) and 55 were age- and sex-matched controls (38 female, 17 male). All AC subjects underwent imaging ≥ 6 months after symptom onset. All imaging was examined to exclude RC full-thickness tears and prior surgery. A standardized T1 sagittal MR image was segmented in each subject to obtain the CSA of subscapularis (SSC), supraspinatus (SSP), and infraspinatus (ISP) muscles. Differences in CSAs between AC and control subjects were analyzed by sex (females and males separately) and all subjects combined. RESULTS: AC females had significantly decreased SSC (P = 0.002) and total (P = 0.006) CSAs compared to controls. Male AC subjects showed decreased SSC (P = 0.044), SSP (P = 0.001), and total (P = 0.005) CSAs. Across all subjects, male and female, the AC cohort had significantly decreased SSC (P = 0.019) and total (P = 0.029) CSAs compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Decreased RC muscle CSAs were present in AC subjects with ≥ 6 months of symptom duration, with decreased SSC and total CSAs in male and female subjects, and decreased SSP CSA in males.

Cross-sectional areas of rotator cuff muscles in males without tears on shoulder MRI.

OBJECTIVE: To establish reference values of rotator cuff (RC) cross sectional area (CSA) in males. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed shoulder MRIs from 500 patients aged 13-78 years, grouped as follows (N=100 in each): <20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, >50 years. All examinations were reviewed to exclude prior surgery, tears, or significant RC pathology. We segmented a standardized T1 sagittal MR image in each case to obtain CSA of supraspinatus (SUP), infraspinatus/teres minor (INF), and subscapularis (SUB) muscles. Across age groups, we recorded individual and total muscle CSA. We also performed ratios between individual muscle CSA and total CSA to examine total muscle mass contribution over age groups. We tested for differences between age groups controlled for BMI. RESULTS: CSAs for SUP, INF, SUB, and total RC CSA were lower in subjects >50 years compared to all other groups (P<0.003 for all comparisons), persisting after controlling for BMI (P<0.03). Relative contribution of SUP CSA to total RC CSA was stable across age groups (P>0.32). INF CSA relative to total RC CSA increased with age, whereas SUB decreased (P<0.005). Subjects >50 years showed lower SUP (-15%), INF (-6%), and SUB (-21%) CSA, when compared to mean CSAs of all subjects <50 years. Total RC CSA significantly correlated with age (r=-0.34, P<0.001), persisting after controlling for BMI (r=-0.42, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: RC muscles in male subjects with no tears on MRI show decreasing CSA with age, independent of BMI.

Breast adipose tissue attenuation as a novel imaging biomarker for cardiometabolic risk.

BACKGROUND: Certain adipose tissue depots infer higher cardiometabolic risk than body mass index (BMI). PURPOSE: To assess breast adipose tissue (BrAT) attenuation as a novel imaging biomarker for cardiometabolic risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 151 women (mean age = 56 ± 1 years) across the weight spectrum. BrAT attenuation, abdominal adipose tissue cross-sectional areas (CSA), and attenuation were quantified using non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans. Cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed from medical records. RESULTS: BrAT attenuation was lower in obese women compared to lean women. BrAT attenuation was inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference, abdominal fat CSA, fasting glucose, and triglycerides (P ≤ 0.02), and positively associated with abdominal adipose tissue attenuation (P < 0.001). BrAT attenuation had a sensitivity of 90% but a specificity of only 35% in detecting the metabolic syndrome (area under the curve = 0.63). CONCLUSION: BrAT attenuation is associated with cardiometabolic risk markers and could serve as an imaging biomarker for opportunistic risk assessment in patients undergoing CT examination of the chest.