The relationship between proportions of carbohydrate and fat intake and hyperglycemia risk in Chinese adults.

OBJECTIVE: To address the relationship between the proportions of carbohydrates and fat and hyperglycemia in the Chinese population. DESIGN: A cross-section research involving data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009, and nutritional status and health indicators were mainly focused. SETTING: China. PARTICIPANTS: 8197 Chinese individuals aged over 16 years, including 1345 subjects had a low carbohydrate and high fat diet (LCHF), 3951 individuals had a medium proportion of carbohydrate and fat (MPCF) diet, 2660 participants had a high carbohydrate and low fat (HCLF) diet and 241 people had the very high carbohydrate and low fat (VHCLF) diet. RESULTS: Subjects with the HCLF diet were significantly associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia (OR:1.142, 95%CI:1.022-1.276) when compared with the individuals with the MPCF diet. Meanwhile, people with a VHCLF diet had a higher risk of hyperglycemia (OR:1.829, 95%CI:1.377-2.429). In contrast, the association between participants with an LCHF diet and hyperglycemia was not significant (OR:1.082, 95%CI:0.942-1.243) with adjusting a series of confounding factors. Furthermore, people with a VHCLF diet were significantly associated with a higher risk of hyperglycemia in the major energy levels and social characteristics subgroup. CONCLUSION: We found the HCLF and VHCLF diets were significantly associated with a high risk of hyperglycemia. And, the association between LCHF diets and the risk of hyperglycemia was not significant.

Association between visceral adipose index and risk of hypertension in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Visceral adipose index (VAI) had been widely used to predict the risks of several diseases. However, few studies have clarified the association between VAI and the risk of hypertension in Chinese population. Thus, we investigate the association between VAI and the increased risk of hypertension in a nationwide cohort of middle-aged and elderly adults in China. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015. A total of 5200 Chinese participants aged 45 years and older were included. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension, with the lowest quartile of VAI score group as the reference. During the 4-years follow-up, 979 cases of hypertension were recorded. Compared with those in the lowest VAI score group, the participants with the highest quartile of VAI score were at a higher risk level of hypertension (HR: 1.454; 95% CI 1.204 to 1.755), especially subjects living in the urban area (2.142, 1.522 to 3.014). Furthermore, VAI can improve the ability of both BMI and WC in predicting the risk of hypertension by 12.72% (95% CI: 5.78%-19.67%) and 10.12% (95% CI: 3.17%-17.07%), respectively. CONCLUSION: In summary, VAI was positively associated with an increased risk of hypertension among a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population; VAI score can improve the ability of BMI and WC in predicting risk of hypertension.

Oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing a bispecific T-cell engager enhances immune responses in EpCAM positive solid tumors.

Insufficient intratumoral T-cell infiltration and lack of tumor-specific immune surveillance in tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder the progression of cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we explored a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding an EpCAM BiTE (VV-EpCAM BiTE) to modulate the immune suppressive microenvironment to enhance antitumor immunity in several solid tumors. VV-EpCAM BiTE effectively infected, replicated and lysed malignant cells. The EpCAM BiTE secreted from infected malignants effectively mediated the binding of EpCAM-positive tumor cells and CD3ϵ on T cells, which led to activation of naive T-cell and the release of cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-2. Intratumoral administration of VV-EpCAM BiTE significantly enhanced antitumor activity in malignancies with high other than with low EpCAM expression level. In addition, immune cell infiltration was significantly increased in TME upon VV-EpCAM BiTE treatment, CD8+ T cell exhaustion was reduced and T-cell-mediated immune activation was markedly enhanced. Taken together, VV-EpCAM BiTE sophistically combines the antitumor advantages of bispecific antibodies and oncolytic viruses, which provides preclinical evidence for the therapeutic potential of VV-EpCAM BiTE.