RESUMEN
An integrated transport service fare system, supported by an agreement for ticket revenue sharing among service providers, is an essential component to improve the experience of the users who can find single tickets for the integrated transport services they look for. A challenge is to find a model to share the revenue which all providers agree on. A solution is to adopt data-driven approaches where user-generated data are collected to extract information on the extent each transport service was used. This is consistently used. However, it suffers from incomplete data, as not all users always validate their ticket when checking out or when switching lines. We studied all technologies available to support automatic ticket validation in order to record when the users access and exit each service line. The contributions of this work are the following: we give an in-depth description of the inner workings of this novel approach describing how we take advantage of each technology; we present the developed solution (Beep4Me), which adds new functionalities to an existing mobile ticketing platform; and we describe our testing framework, which includes most cases users might encounter during a trip. Our results demonstrate how it is possible to collect key data related to validations which can be used first for clearing purposes and then for network planning/fleet optimization.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to determine the association between multifocality and the pathological features of testicular germ cell tumors and its clinical implication. METHODS: Orchiectomy specimens from 254 consecutive patients with testis cancer between 2003 and 2013 were included. Multifocality was defined as a distinct tumor focus of cluster of malignant cells > 0.5 mm and separable from the main tumor mass. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between multifocality and other pathological features. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify potential predictive factors of multifocality for clinical stages II-III and the pathological stage ≥ pT2. RESULTS: Median patient age was 33 years (range 19-70). Multifocality was identified in 58 (22.83 %) orchiectomy specimens. Subjects with multifocality had larger primary tumor lesions (3.7 vs. 3.0 cm; p < 0.05). No association was found between histology and multifocality (p = 0.95). On univariate logistic regression analysis, multifocality was not significantly associated with all pathological features. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, multifocality was not demonstrated to be an adverse pathological feature of clinical stages II-III (p = 0.23) or pathological stage ≥ pT2 (p = 0.30) when included in a model with tumor size ≥ 4 cm and rete testis invasion in seminoma tumor and neither of clinical stages II-III (p = 0.36) or pathological stage ≥ pT2 (p = 0.20) when included in a model with lymphovascular invasion and percentage of embrional cancer ≥ 50 % in non-seminoma ones. CONCLUSION: Multifocality should not be considered an adverse pathological feature in patients with testis cancer, independently to histological subtypes.