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1.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29229638

RESUMEN

Saprochaete capitata, formerly known as Geotrichum capitatum, is an emerging fungal pathogen with low susceptibility to echinocandins. Here, we report the nucleotide sequence of the S. capitata hot spot 1 region of the FKS gene (FKS HS1), which codifies for the catalytic subunit of ß-1,3-d-glucan synthase, the target of echinocandins. For that purpose, we first designed degenerated oligonucleotide primers derived from conserved flanking regions of the FKS1 HS1 segment of 12 different fungal species. Interestingly, analysis of the translated FKS HS1 sequences of 12 isolates of S. capitata revealed that all of them exhibited the same F-to-L substitution in a position that is highly related to reduced echinocandin susceptibility.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica/genética , Equinocandinas/farmacología , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica , Geotrichum/genética , Glucosiltransferasas/genética , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , ADN de Hongos/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Geotricosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Geotricosis/microbiología , Geotricosis/patología , Geotrichum/efectos de los fármacos , Geotrichum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Geotrichum/aislamiento & purificación , Glucosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Subunidades de Proteína/genética , Subunidades de Proteína/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN
4.
Haematologica ; 97(4): 616-21, 2012 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22058223

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Several studies of autologous stem cell transplantation in primary refractory myeloma have produced encouraging results. However, the outcome of primary refractory patients with stable disease has not been analyzed separately from the outcome of patients with progressive disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: In the Spanish Myeloma Group 2000 trial, 80 patients with primary refractory myeloma (49 with stable disease and 31 with progressive disease), i.e. who were refractory to initial chemotherapy, were scheduled for tandem transplants (double autologous transplant or a single autologous transplant followed by an allogeneic transplant). Patients with primary refractory disease included those who never achieved a minimal response (≥ 25% M-protein decrease) or better. Responses were assessed using the European Bone Marrow Transplant criteria. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the rates of partial response or better between patients with stable or progressive disease. However, 38% of the patients with stable disease at the time of transplantation remained in a stable condition or achieved a minimal response after transplantation versus 7% in the group with progressive disease (P=0.0017) and the rate of early progression after transplantation was significantly higher among the group with progressive disease at the time of transplantation (22% versus 2%; P=0.0043). After a median follow-up of 6.6 years, the median survival after first transplant of the whole series was 2.3 years. Progression-free and overall survival from the first transplant were shorter in patients with progressive disease (0.6 versus 2.3 years, P=0.00004 and 1.1 versus 6 years, P=0.00002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that patients with progressive refractory myeloma do not benefit from autologous transplantation, while patients with stable disease have an outcome comparable to those with chemosensitive disease.


Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad , Análisis de Supervivencia , Trasplante Autólogo , Resultado del Tratamiento
5.
Clin Case Rep ; 10(5): e05742, 2022 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35582161

RESUMEN

Thymomas are tumours frequently associated with autoimmune manifestations or immunodeficiencies like Good syndrome. In rare cases, pure white cells aplasia (PWCA) has been described in association with thymomas. PWCA is characterized by agranulocytosis of autoimmune background primary refractory to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). It is necessary the use of immunosuppressor to allow granulocyte recovery. Without treatment, it could be fatal.

6.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 101(3): 115509, 2021 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34384954

RESUMEN

Blood culture methods show low sensitivity, so reliable non-culture diagnostic tests are needed to help clinicians with the introduction, de-escalation, and discontinuation of antifungal therapy in patients with suspected invasive candidiasis (IC). We evaluated different biomarkers for the diagnosis of IC in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients at risk for developing invasive fungal diseases. The specificity of Candida albicans germ-tube antibodies (CAGTA) detection was high (89%-100%), but sensitivity did not exceed 61% even after raising the cut-off from 1/160 to 1/80. We developed enzyme-linked immunoassays detecting antibodies against C. albicans proteins (Als3-N, Hwp1-N, or Met6) that resulted more sensitive (66%-92%) but less specific than CAGTA assay. The combination of 1,3-beta-D-glucan (BDG) detection and CAGTA results provided the highest diagnostic usefulness in immunocompetent patients. However, in immunocompromised patients, anti-Met6 antibodies was the best biomarker, both, alone or in combination with BDG.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antifúngicos/sangre , Candida albicans/patogenicidad , Candidiasis Invasiva/sangre , Candidiasis Invasiva/diagnóstico , Proteínas Fúngicas/sangre , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Biomarcadores/sangre , Candida albicans/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos
7.
Cancers (Basel) ; 13(21)2021 Oct 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34771581

RESUMEN

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are the most common leukemias in children and elderly people, respectively. Standard therapies, such as chemotherapy, are only effective in 40% of ALL adult patients with a five-year survival rate and therefore new alternatives need to be used, such as immunotherapy targeting specific receptors of malignant cells. Among all the options, CAR (Chimeric antigen receptor)-based therapy has arisen as a new opportunity for refractory or relapsed hematological cancer patients. CARs were designed to be used along with T lymphocytes, creating CAR-T cells, but they are presenting such encouraging results that they are already in use as drugs. Nonetheless, their side-effects and the fact that it is not possible to infuse an allogenic CAR-T product without causing graft-versus-host-disease, have meant using a different cell source to solve these problems, such as Natural Killer (NK) cells. Although CAR-based treatment is a high-speed race led by CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells are slowly (but surely) consolidating their position; their demonstrated efficacy and the lack of undesirable side-effects is opening a new door for CAR-based treatments. CAR-NKs are now in the field to stay.

8.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol ; 159: 103247, 2021 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33515703

RESUMEN

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma and usually presents as an indolent disease. However, some patients present poor outcomes, and FL can transform into more aggressive lymphomas, such as Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small RNA molecules that participate in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, that are emerging biomarkers in cancer. In this systematic review, we included studies evaluating miRNA expression in tumor tissue as diagnosis, transformation or prognosis biomarkers in FL. We identified several miRNAs, which could be diagnostic biomarkers in FL: miR-155-5p and miR-9-3p as miRNAs of potential utility for diagnosis of FL, and miR-150 and miR-17-92 cluster for differential diagnosis between FL and DLBCL. Prognosis and transformation prediction have not been studied in enough depth to draw solid conclusions. Further research is needed to exploit the potential of this field.


Asunto(s)
Linfoma Folicular , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso , MicroARNs , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Linfoma Folicular/diagnóstico , Linfoma Folicular/genética , Linfoma Folicular/terapia , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/genética , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/terapia , MicroARNs/genética , Pronóstico
9.
J Clin Rheumatol ; 16(8): 392-4, 2010 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21085013

RESUMEN

We report a patient with B-cell primary bone lymphoma with involvement of multiple vertebrae at presentation and rapid development of cauda equina syndrome. The patient presented subacute low-back pain, initially with good response to corticosteroid treatment.Primary bone lymphoma is a very unusual disease, commonly affecting only 1 vertebra. Despite this, our case involved multiple levels at the onset; furthermore, there were no adenopathies. Because of the information of the magnetic resonance imaging, an open biopsy of the vertebrae was performed for diagnosis. The reported cases of radicular syndromes secondary to a lymphoma as an initial symptom are extremely infrequently reported in the literature, above all for a B-cell lymphoma.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Óseas/complicaciones , Linfoma de Células B/complicaciones , Polirradiculopatía/etiología , Biopsia , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Neoplasias Óseas/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Quimioterapia , Humanos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/etiología , Linfoma de Células B/patología , Linfoma de Células B/terapia , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polirradiculopatía/diagnóstico , Radioterapia , Resultado del Tratamiento
12.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol ; 139: 7-15, 2019 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31112884

RESUMEN

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which is DNA released from cells into the circulation, is one of the most promising non-invasive biomarkers in cancer. This approach could be of interest for the management of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, which is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Then, the aim of this systematic review was to define the utility of cfDNA in this disease. Selected articles were classified in four groups, depending on the aspects of cfDNA studied, i.e. concentration, methylation, IgH gene rearrangements, and somatic mutations. While concentration and methylation of cfDNA need to be further analyzed, IgH gene rearrangements and somatic mutations seem to be the most promising biomarkers to date. Their detection has been shown to allow disease monitoring and early prediction of relapse. Although more efforts and standardization of techniques are needed, studying cfDNA in liquid biopsy may help improve the outcome of DLBCL patients.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Ácidos Nucleicos Libres de Células/genética , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/diagnóstico , Ácidos Nucleicos Libres de Células/sangre , Humanos , Biopsia Líquida , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/sangre , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/genética , Pronóstico
18.
BMC Microbiol ; 7: 35, 2007 Apr 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17448251

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of invasive candidiasis is difficult because there are no specific clinical manifestations of the disease and colonization and infection are difficult to distinguish. In the last decade, much effort has been made to develop reliable tests for rapid diagnosis of invasive candidiasis, but none of them have found widespread clinical use. RESULTS: Antibodies against a recombinant N-terminal fragment of the Candida albicans germ tube-specific antigen hyphal wall protein 1 (Hwp1) generated in Escherichia coli were detected by both immunoblotting and ELISA tests in a group of 36 hematological or Intensive Care Unit patients with invasive candidiasis and in a group of 45 control patients at high risk for the mycosis who did not have clinical or microbiological data to document invasive candidiasis. Results were compared with an immunofluorescence test to detect antibodies to C. albicans germ tubes (CAGT). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of a diagnostic test based on the detection of antibodies against the N-terminal fragment of Hwp1 by immunoblotting were 27.8 %, 95.6 %, 83.3 % and 62.3 %, respectively. Detection of antibodies to the N-terminal fragment of Hwp1 by ELISA increased the sensitivity (88.9 %) and the negative predictive value (90.2 %) but slightly decreased the specificity (82.6 %) and positive predictive values (80 %). The kinetics of antibody response to the N-terminal fragment of Hwp1 by ELISA was very similar to that observed by detecting antibodies to CAGT. CONCLUSION: An ELISA test to detect antibodies against a recombinant N-terminal fragment of the C. albicans germ tube cell wall antigen Hwp1 allows the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis with similar results to those obtained by detecting antibodies to CAGT but without the need of treating the sera to adsorb the antibodies against the cell wall surface of the blastospore.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antifúngicos/inmunología , Candida albicans/química , Candidiasis/diagnóstico , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Proteínas Fúngicas/aislamiento & purificación , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/aislamiento & purificación , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Anticuerpos Antifúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antígenos Fúngicos/química , Antígenos Fúngicos/inmunología , Antígenos Fúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Candida albicans/inmunología , Candidiasis/inmunología , Proteínas Fúngicas/química , Proteínas Fúngicas/inmunología , Humanos , Immunoblotting/métodos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/química , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/inmunología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Alineación de Secuencia
19.
Oncotarget ; 8(22): 36832-36844, 2017 May 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28415662

RESUMEN

Haematological malignancies are tumours that affect the haematopoietic and the lymphatic systems. Despite the huge efforts to eradicate these tumours, the percentage of patients suffering resistance to therapies and relapse still remains significant. The tumour environment favours drug resistance of cancer cells, and particularly of cancer stem/initiating cells. Hypoxia promotes aggressiveness, metastatic spread and relapse in most of the solid tumours. Furthermore, hypoxia is associated with worse prognosis and resistance to conventional treatments through activation of the hypoxia-inducible factors. Haematological malignancies are not considered solid tumours, and therefore, the role of hypoxia in these diseases was initially presumed to be inconsequential. However, hypoxia is a hallmark of the haematopoietic niche. Here, we will review the current understanding of the role of both hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in different haematological tumours.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Hematológicas/metabolismo , Hipoxia/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/metabolismo , Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Médula Ósea/patología , Hipoxia de la Célula , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hematológicas/etiología , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patología , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipoxia/genética , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Nicho de Células Madre , Células del Estroma/metabolismo
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