RESUMEN
Tribolium castaneum is a member of the most species-rich eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved the ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment, as shown by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as P450 and other detoxification enzymes. Development in Tribolium is more representative of other insects than is Drosophila, a fact reflected in gene content and function. For example, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, some being expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short-germ development. Systemic RNA interference in T. castaneum functions differently from that in Caenorhabditis elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
Asunto(s)
Genes de Insecto/genética , Genoma de los Insectos/genética , Tribolium/genética , Animales , Composición de Base , Tipificación del Cuerpo/genética , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/genética , Elementos Transponibles de ADN/genética , Crecimiento y Desarrollo/genética , Humanos , Insecticidas/farmacología , Neurotransmisores/genética , Oogénesis/genética , Filogenia , Proteoma/genética , Interferencia de ARN , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Odorantes/genética , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos/genética , Gusto/genética , Telómero/genética , Tribolium/clasificación , Tribolium/embriología , Tribolium/fisiología , Visión Ocular/genéticaRESUMEN
To meet the new challenge of generating the draft sequences of mammalian genomes, we describe the development of a novel high throughput 96-well method for the purification of plasmid DNA template using size-fractionated, acid-washed glass beads. Unlike most previously described approaches, the current method has been designed and optimized to facilitate the direct binding of alcohol-precipitated plasmid DNA to glass beads from alkaline lysed bacterial cells containing the insoluble cellular aggregate material. Eliminating the tedious step of separating the cleared lysate significantly simplifies the method and improves throughput and reliability. During a 4 month period of 96-capillary DNA sequencing of the Rattus norvegicus genome at the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center, the average success rate and read length derived from >1 800 000 plasmid DNA templates prepared by the direct lysis/glass bead method were 82.2% and 516 bases, respectively. The cost of this direct lysis/glass bead method in September 2001 was approximately 10 cents per clone, which is a significant cost saving in high throughput genomic sequencing efforts.
Asunto(s)
ADN/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Animales , ADN/química , ADN/genética , Genoma , Vidrio , Microesferas , Plásmidos/genética , Ratas , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an abundant primate species that diverged from the ancestors of Homo sapiens about 25 million years ago. Because they are genetically and physiologically similar to humans, rhesus monkeys are the most widely used nonhuman primate in basic and applied biomedical research. We determined the genome sequence of an Indian-origin Macaca mulatta female and compared the data with chimpanzees and humans to reveal the structure of ancestral primate genomes and to identify evidence for positive selection and lineage-specific expansions and contractions of gene families. A comparison of sequences from individual animals was used to investigate their underlying genetic diversity. The complete description of the macaque genome blueprint enhances the utility of this animal model for biomedical research and improves our understanding of the basic biology of the species.