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1.
Neurol Sci ; 42(5): 1773-1783, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33738665

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Activities of daily living (ADL) are fundamental skills required to independently care for oneself and are categorized in basic (BADLs) and instrumental (IADLs) activities of daily living. ADL evaluation is of paramount importance in clinical practice to discriminate between healthy individuals (HC) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether and to what extent BADL and IADL deficits occur in MCI, when compared with AD. Therefore, the present study aimed at comparing performance on both BADLs and IADLs in HC, MCI, and AD. METHODS: Three electronic databases were consulted for studies comparing total BADLs/IADLs, and single BADLs/IADLs in AD, MCI, and HC (comparisons: AD versus MCI, AD versus HC, MCI versus HC). Ninety-six studies were included in the meta-analysis with random effect models (Hedges' g). Meta-regression was performed to evaluate the effect of clinical variables on ESs. RESULTS: AD group had more difficulties in BADLs and IADLs than HC and MCI groups; people with MCI showed more difficulties in both IADLs and BADLs than HC. The meta-regression analysis revealed that the percentage of males in the samples was a significant predictor of the ES in the meta-analysis comparing total BADL scores between MCI and HC; in the comparison between AD and HC, age at evaluation predicted the ES on some single IADLs: preparing food, handling medication, and finances. CONCLUSIONS: In MCI, it should be considered not only a decline of IADLs but also subtle decline of BADL abilities.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Disfunción Cognitiva , Envejecimiento Saludable , Actividades Cotidianas , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino
2.
Neurol Sci ; 41(3): 543-554, 2020 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31832997

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Despite the clinical importance of psychological factors in migraine, the relationship between personality traits, depression, and migraine has been poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE: To delineate the personality profile distinctive for migraineurs and to explore the relationship between personality traits and depression in migraineurs compared to non-migraineurs. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed up to March 2019 using PsycInfo (PROQUEST), PubMed and Scopus. Sixteen primary studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: The meta-analysis on the personality defined according to Psychobiological model revealed high Harm Avoidance (Hedges'g = 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01-0.60), Persistence (Hedges'g = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.01to - 0.72) and low self-directedness (Hedges'g = - 0.33; 95% CI = -0.57 to - 0.09) in migraineurs. The meta-analysis on the personality defined according to Three Factor Model revealed high neuroticism (Hedges'g = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32-0.63) and low extraversion (Hedges'g = - 0.08; 95% CI = - 0.14 to - 0.03) in migraineurs. Meta-regression analysis revealed that neuroticism moderated the relationship between depression and migraine. CONCLUSION: The findings evidenced that migraine is characterized by specific personality traits. Among them, neuroticism influenced the severity of depression in migraineurs, and, therefore, an early evaluation of the personality traits could allow identifying patients susceptible to develop migraine-associated psychopathological symptoms.


Asunto(s)
Depresión/fisiopatología , Trastornos Migrañosos/fisiopatología , Personalidad/fisiología , Humanos
3.
Neurol Sci ; 41(5): 1139-1143, 2020 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31897947

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The MIG-SCOG is a questionnaire to assess self-reported subjective cognitive symptoms during migraine attacks, consisting of 9 items evaluating executive functions and language. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the MIG-SCOG (I-MIG-SCOG) in patients with migraine without aura. METHODS: The I-MIG-SCOG underwent 20 Italian healthy subjects to assess its comprehensibility. Reliability and divergent validity of the I-MIG-SCOG were evaluated in a sample of 153 migraines without aura patients. They also underwent Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Beck Depression Inventory and Apathy Evaluation Scale. RESULTS: The final I-MIG-SCOG was easily comprehensible. There were no missing data, no floor and ceiling effects; mean I-MIG-SCOG score was 7.54 ± 3.98; Cronbach's alpha was 0.814. The I-MIG-SCOG score correlated poorly with Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Beck Depression Inventory and Apathy Evaluation Scale. CONCLUSION: The I-MIG-SCOG should represent a reliable and valid patient-centred and disease-related instrument to identify cognitive symptoms experienced during migraine attacks and to monitor the divergent effects of symptomatic treatments on cognitive functions also in Italian migraine patients.


Asunto(s)
Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Trastornos Migrañosos/complicaciones , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adolescente , Adulto , Disfunción Cognitiva/complicaciones , Humanos , Italia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Autoinforme , Adulto Joven
4.
Cephalalgia ; 38(12): 1825-1832, 2018 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29411639

RESUMEN

Introduction Prospective memory is the ability to carry out a delayed intended action, so to maintain and retrieve future plans, goals and activities. Deficits of prospective memory negatively impact on patients and caregivers' everyday living and determine poor adherence to treatment. Since frontal regions are involved in both event- and time-based prospective memory tasks and are impaired in migraine without aura, defects of prospective memory might occur in migraine without aura patients; until now this issue has not been investigated. The aim of the current study was to explore time- versus event-based prospective memory in migraine without aura. Patients and methods Ninty-one consecutive migraine without aura patients and 84 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. They underwent a standardized measure of prospective memory evaluating both time-based and event-based prospective memory, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment assessing global cognitive status. Moreover, all participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a self-administered version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale, to assess severity of depressive symptoms and apathy, respectively. Results Migraine without aura and healthy subjects did not differ on demographic aspects (i.e. age, education and gender). However, individuals with migraine without aura demonstrated impaired prospective memory performance compared to healthy subjects, with a greater impairment demonstrated for the time-based tasks. Within the migraine without aura group, no significant association was found between prospective memory performance and clinical scores, apathy, and depression. Conclusions Individuals with migraine without aura experience particular difficulty executing a future intention; therefore, migraine without aura is associated with dysfunction of prospective memory.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Memoria/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Memoria/etiología , Migraña sin Aura/complicaciones , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
5.
J Headache Pain ; 17(1): 76, 2016 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27568039

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of cognitive dysfunctions and psychological symptoms, as well as their mutual relationships, in migraine patients are still debated. The aim of the study was to characterize the cognitive profile and psychological symptoms (i.e. depression, anxiety and apathy) in drug-naïve migraine without aura (MwoA) patients. METHODS: Seventy-two consecutive MwoA patients, referred to the Italian University Headache Clinic and 72 healthy subjects (HCs) were enrolled. Patients, during an attack-free period, and HCs completed Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Self-version of Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-S) and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y-1 and 2). Clinical parameters of disease severity (i.e. disease duration, migraine attacks per month, mean pain intensity during migraine attacks, migraine disability and impact on daily life) were recorded. RESULTS: Although performance of MwoA patients on MoCA was above Italian cut-off threshold (<15.5) suggesting presence of cognitive impairment, MwoA patients achieved significantly lower scores than HCs on total MoCA scale (22.3 ± 2.7 versus 25.4 ± 2.3) and on its attention (4.9 ± 1.1 versus 5.6 ± 0.7), memory (1.8 ± 1.4 versus 3.1 ± 1.3), visuospatial (3.2 ± 0.9 versus 3.6 ± 0.6) and executive subscales (2.6 ± 1.1 versus 3.1 ± 0.8). In addition, we observed significant correlations between MoCA executive domain subscore and the attack-related disability score (MIDAS). As for behavioral profile, the percentage of depressive symptoms (4.2 %), high state and trait anxiety (13.9 and 9.7 %, respectively), and apathy (11.1 %) in MwoA patients were similar to that of HCs. No significant associations of behavioural symptoms with cognitive performance and clinical parameters were found. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-naïve MwoA patients are characterized by subtle cognitive dysfunctions and low percentage of behavioural symptoms. The results support the importance of searching for subclinical cognitive disturbances in patients with MwoA, who deserve to be followed-up to verify whether they develop clinically relevant disorders over time.


Asunto(s)
Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Migraña sin Aura/psicología , Adulto , Anciano , Ansiedad/etiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/etiología , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Femenino , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Migraña sin Aura/epidemiología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica
6.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 12(4)2022 Apr 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35454007

RESUMEN

Depression is characterized by feelings of sadness, loss, or anger that may interfere with everyday activities. Such a neuropsychiatric condition is commonly reported in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, which are quite different from each other. This study aimed at investigating the brain networks involved in depression in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) as compared to healthy controls (HC). Fifty participants were included in the study: 17 depressed FTD/PD patients; 17 non-depressed FTD/PD patients; and 16 non-depressed HCs matched for age and gender. We used the Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) to measure depression in all groups. On the same day, 3T brain magnetic resonance with structural and resting-state functional sequences were acquired. Differences in resting-state functional connectivity (FC) between depressed and non-depressed patients in all the experimental groups were assessed by using seed-to-seed and network-to-network approaches. We found a significant seed-to-seed hyperconnectivity patterns between the left thalamus and the left posterior temporal fusiform cortex, which differentiated FTD/PD depressed patients from the HCs. Network-to-network analysis revealed a significant hyperconnectivity among the default-mode network (left lateral-parietal region), the medial prefrontal cortex and the left lateral prefrontal cortex (i.e., part of the central executive network). We investigated whether such FC patterns could be related to the underlying neurodegenerative disorder by replicating the analyses with two independent samples (i.e., non-depressed PD and non-depressed FTD patients) and adding clinical parameters as covariates. We found no FC differences in these groups, thus suggesting how the FC pattern we found may signal a common depression-related neural pathway implicated in both the neurocognitive disorders.

7.
Front Aging Neurosci ; 14: 806374, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35197843

RESUMEN

Sleep problems are increasingly present in the general population at any age, and they are frequently concurrent with-or predictive of-memory disturbances, anxiety, and depression. In this exploratory cross-sectional study, 54 healthy participants recruited in Naples (Italy; 23 females; mean age = 37.1 years, range = 20-68) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a neurocognitive assessment concerning both verbal and visuospatial working memory as well as subjective measures of anxiety and depression. Then, 3T fMRI images with structural and resting-state functional sequences were acquired. A whole-brain seed-to-seed functional connectivity (FC) analysis was conducted by contrasting good (PSQI score <5) vs. bad (PSQI score ≥5) sleepers. Results highlighted FC differences in limbic and fronto-temporo-parietal brain areas. Also, bad sleepers showed an anxious/depressive behavioural phenotype and performed worse than good sleepers at visuospatial working-memory tasks. These findings may help to reveal the effects of sleep quality on daily-life cognitive functioning and further elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep disorders.

8.
Alzheimers Res Ther ; 14(1): 113, 2022 08 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35982477

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Neuropsychological testing plays a cardinal role in the diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease. A major concern is represented by the heterogeneity of the neuropsychological batteries currently adopted in memory clinics and healthcare centers. The current study aimed to solve this issue. METHODS: Following the initiative of the University of Washington's National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC), we presented the Italian adaptation of the Neuropsychological Test Battery of the Uniform Data Set (I-UDSNB). We collected data from 433 healthy Italian individuals and employed regression models to evaluate the impact of demographic variables on the performance, deriving the reference norms. RESULTS: Higher education and lower age were associated with a better performance in the majority of tests, while sex affected only fluency tests and Digit Span Forward. CONCLUSIONS: The I-UDSNB offers a valuable and harmonized tool for neuropsychological testing in Italy, to be used in clinical and research settings.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Humanos , Italia , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas
9.
Acta Neurol Belg ; 121(2): 465-471, 2021 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31571134

RESUMEN

Few studies evaluated coping strategies in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) in relation to annualized relapse rate (ARR) and lesion load (LL). Overall, results might have been influenced by the inclusion of depressed patients. To investigate the coping strategies and their association to disease activity, we studied relapsing-remitting pwMS accurately selected to avoid the confounding effect of depression. Sixty-seven relapsing-remitting pwMS and 67 healthy subjects (HS) underwent to Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (I-COPE) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (CISS) and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Cognitive performances, ARR, physical disability and magnetic resonance imaging T2-LL were assessed for correlation with coping and depression scores. pwMS showed lower scores than HSs on social support and turning to religion subscales of I-COPE and on emotion dimension of CISS. In pwMS, higher ARR was related to higher positive attitude and lower score on the turning to religion subscale of I-COPE. The present study revealed a less employment of emotion-based coping strategies in pwMS. A scarce use of faith for support and a frequent adoption of a positive attitude were associated with an increase of MS activity in terms of ARR.


Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica/fisiología , Depresión , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Estudios Prospectivos
10.
Behav Neurol ; 2019: 5808610, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31191737

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In the context of a causal relationship between stress and migraine, coping strategies are aimed at managing stressful life events and reducing the distressing emotions connected to them. METHODS: Sixty-one consecutive patients with migraine without aura (MwoA) and sixty-one healthy controls (HCs) completed three self-report questionnaires assessing a broad range of coping (cognitive and behavioural) strategies: the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (CISS), and the Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI). Moreover, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), a scale measuring self-perception of stress, global cognitive functioning, depressive symptoms, apathy, state, and trait anxiety, was administered to all participants. RESULTS: No significant difference was found on the scales and subscales of PCI and CISS as well as in the PSS between MwoA patients and HCs. However, the two groups showed different scores in the subscale "turning to religion" of COPE (22.08 ± 5.19 in migraineurs vs. 24.70 ± 4.44 in HCs, p = 0.003). A significant negative correlation of the turning to religion score with the HIT-6 score was found. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that MwoA patients show a significantly reduced use of the "turning to religion" approach, an emotion-focused coping strategy. Although migraine patients appeared to be less oriented to transcendent (that means a reduced utilization of an adaptive coping strategy), they did not perceive daily living as more stressful than HCs. Finally, the reduced utilization of the "turning to religion" coping strategy is associated with a great impact of migraine on ability to function on the job or at school, at home, and in social situations in migraine patients.


Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica/clasificación , Migraña sin Aura/psicología , Adulto , Ansiedad/etiología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Italia , Masculino , Migraña sin Aura/terapia , Autoimagen , Autoinforme , Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
11.
J Alzheimers Dis ; 62(2): 773-787, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29480186

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The role of specific personality traits as factor risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been consistently found, whereas personality traits specifically related to AD (after the diagnosis) have not been outlined yet. OBJECTIVE: A meta-analysis of published studies was performed to determine whether AD patients have a distinctive personality trait profile compared to healthy subjects (HC), similar to or different from a premorbid personality profile consistently reported in previous studies. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using PsycInfo (PROQUEST), PubMed, and Scopus. The meta-analysis pooled results from primary studies using Hedges' g unbiased approach. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 10 primary studies and revealed that, when the personality was evaluated by informant-rated measures, AD patients had significantly higher levels of Neuroticism, lower levels of Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion than HCs. When the personality was evaluated by self-rated measures, the results obtained from informants were confirmed for Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion but not for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness where AD patients and HCs achieved similar scores. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis revealed that high Neuroticism and low Openness and Extraversion are distinctive personality traits significantly associated with a diagnosis of AD when evaluated both self-rated and informant-rated measures. This personality trait profile is similar to premorbid one, which contributes to development of AD over time. Therefore, our findings indirectly support the idea of specific premorbid personality traits as harbingers of AD.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/psicología , Personalidad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Humanos , Inventario de Personalidad
12.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord ; 49: 67-74, 2018 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29358028

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Personality changes are considered pre-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cross-sectional studies revealed that PD patients were more introvert, apprehensive, and cautious than healthy subjects (HS), whereas other studies failed to disclose these behavioural traits. Some studies found mixed results concerning Novelty Seeking (NS) and Harm Avoidance (HA) profiles in PD patients. To better clarify the personality profile in PD we performed a meta-analysis on studies exploring such topic according to both Cloninger's Psychobiological Model (PM) and Big Five Model (BFM) METHODS: The meta-analysis included 17 studies evaluating the personality in PD patients compared with HS. The outcomes were the dimensions of the temperament and character of the PM and personality traits of BFM. Effect sizes from data reported in the primary studies were computed using Hedges'g unbiased approach. Heterogeneity among the studies and publication bias were assessed. Meta-regressions were conducted with age at evaluation, gender, schooling, and type of personality trait tools as moderators. RESULTS: As for PM, PD patients scored higher on HA and lower on NS than HS. No difference was found on Reward Dependence, Perseverance/Persistence and on character level. As for BFM, higher levels of Neuroticism, but lower levels of Openness and Extraversion were associated with PD. DISCUSSION: The personality profile in PD is characterized by high Neuroticism and HA, and by low Openness, Extraversion and NS. The personality profile delineated in the present study on PD patients seems to reflect the premorbid one and might contribute to development and persistence of affective disorders.


Asunto(s)
Reacción de Prevención/fisiología , Carácter , Conducta Exploratoria/fisiología , Extraversión Psicológica , Neuroticismo/fisiología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/fisiopatología , Trastornos de la Personalidad/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad de Parkinson/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Personalidad/etiología
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