RESUMEN
The mammalian brain is composed of thousands of interacting neural cell types. Systematic approaches to establish the molecular identity of functional populations of neurons would advance our understanding of neural mechanisms controlling behavior. Here, we show that ribosomal protein S6, a structural component of the ribosome, becomes phosphorylated in neurons activated by a wide range of stimuli. We show that these phosphorylated ribosomes can be captured from mouse brain homogenates, thereby enriching directly for the mRNAs expressed in discrete subpopulations of activated cells. We use this approach to identify neurons in the hypothalamus regulated by changes in salt balance or food availability. We show that galanin neurons are activated by fasting and that prodynorphin neurons restrain food intake during scheduled feeding. These studies identify elements of the neural circuit that controls food intake and illustrate how the activity-dependent capture of cell-type-specific transcripts can elucidate the functional organization of a complex tissue.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Ribosomas/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Animales , Encéfalo/citología , Ayuno , Conducta Alimentaria , Hipotálamo/citología , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Ratones , Fosforilación , Proteína S6 Ribosómica/metabolismoRESUMEN
Oxytocin/vasopressin-related neuropeptides are highly conserved and play major roles in regulating social behavior across vertebrates. However, whether their insect orthologue, inotocin, regulates the behavior of social groups remains unknown. Here, we show that in the clonal raider ant Ooceraea biroi, individuals that perform tasks outside the nest have higher levels of inotocin in their brains than individuals of the same age that remain inside the nest. We also show that older ants, which spend more time outside the nest, have higher inotocin levels than younger ants. Inotocin thus correlates with the propensity to perform tasks outside the nest. Additionally, increasing inotocin pharmacologically increases the tendency of ants to leave the nest. However, this effect is contingent on age and social context. Pharmacologically treated older ants have a higher propensity to leave the nest only in the presence of larvae, whereas younger ants seem to do so only in the presence of pupae. Our results suggest that inotocin signaling plays an important role in modulating behaviors that correlate with age, such as social foraging, possibly by modulating behavioral response thresholds to specific social cues. Inotocin signaling thereby likely contributes to behavioral individuality and division of labor in ant societies.
Asunto(s)
Hormigas/fisiología , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Oxitocina/metabolismo , Conducta Social , Vasopresinas/metabolismo , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Animales , Encéfalo/fisiología , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Oxitocina/química , Vasopresinas/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Organisms in the wild can acquire disease- and stress-resistance traits that outstrip the programs endogenous to humans. Finding the molecular basis of such natural resistance characters is a key goal of evolutionary genetics. Standard statistical-genetic methods toward this end can perform poorly in organismal systems that lack high rates of meiotic recombination, like Caenorhabditis worms. RESULTS: Here we discovered unique ER stress resistance in a wild Kenyan C. elegans isolate, which in inter-strain crosses was passed by hermaphrodite mothers to hybrid offspring. We developed an unbiased version of the reciprocal hemizygosity test, RH-seq, to explore the genetics of this parent-of-origin-dependent phenotype. Among top-scoring gene candidates from a partial-coverage RH-seq screen, we focused on the neuronally-expressed, cuticlin-like gene cutl-24 for validation. In gene-disruption and controlled crossing experiments, we found that cutl-24 was required in Kenyan hermaphrodite mothers for ER stress tolerance in their inter-strain hybrid offspring; cutl-24 was also a contributor to the trait in purebred backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS: These data establish the Kenyan strain allele of cutl-24 as a determinant of a natural stress-resistant state, and they set a precedent for the dissection of natural trait diversity in invertebrate animals without the need for a panel of meiotic recombinants.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans , Caenorhabditis , Humanos , Animales , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Kenia , Fenotipo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genéticaRESUMEN
Evolution can follow predictable genetic trajectories, indicating that discrete environmental shifts can select for reproducible genetic changes. Conspecific individuals are an important feature of an animal's environment, and a potential source of selective pressures. Here we show that adaptation of two Caenorhabditis species to growth at high density, a feature common to domestic environments, occurs by reproducible genetic changes to pheromone receptor genes. Chemical communication through pheromones that accumulate during high-density growth causes young nematode larvae to enter the long-lived but non-reproductive dauer stage. Two strains of Caenorhabditis elegans grown at high density have independently acquired multigenic resistance to pheromone-induced dauer formation. In each strain, resistance to the pheromone ascaroside C3 results from a deletion that disrupts the adjacent chemoreceptor genes serpentine receptor class g (srg)-36 and -37. Through misexpression experiments, we show that these genes encode redundant G-protein-coupled receptors for ascaroside C3. Multigenic resistance to dauer formation has also arisen in high-density cultures of a different nematode species, Caenorhabditis briggsae, resulting in part from deletion of an srg gene paralogous to srg-36 and srg-37. These results demonstrate rapid remodelling of the chemoreceptor repertoire as an adaptation to specific environments, and indicate that parallel changes to a common genetic substrate can affect life-history traits across species.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Biológica , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiología , Receptores de Feromonas/genética , Adaptación Fisiológica/genética , Adaptación Fisiológica/fisiología , Animales , Caenorhabditis elegans/clasificación , Caenorhabditis elegans/efectos de los fármacos , Ambiente , Evolución Molecular , Glucolípidos/metabolismo , Glucolípidos/farmacología , Hibernación/genética , Hibernación/fisiología , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Feromonas/metabolismo , Feromonas/farmacología , Densidad de Población , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Receptores de Feromonas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Researchers have advocated elevating mouse housing temperatures from the conventional ~22 °C to the mouse thermoneutral point of 30 °C to enhance translational research. However, the impact of environmental temperature on mouse gastrointestinal physiology remains largely unexplored. Here we show that mice raised at 22 °C exhibit whole gut transit speed nearly twice as fast as those raised at 30 °C, primarily driven by a threefold increase in colon transit speed. Furthermore, gut microbiota composition differs between the two temperatures but does not dictate temperature-dependent differences in gut motility. Notably, increased stress signals from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis at 22 °C have a pivotal role in mediating temperature-dependent differences in gut motility. Pharmacological and genetic depletion of the stress hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone slows gut motility in stressed 22 °C mice but has no comparable effect in relatively unstressed 30 °C mice. In conclusion, our findings highlight that colder mouse facility temperatures significantly increase gut motility through hormonal stress pathways.
Asunto(s)
Motilidad Gastrointestinal , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estrés Fisiológico , Animales , Ratones , Masculino , Temperatura , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/fisiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/fisiología , Hormona Liberadora de Corticotropina/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate if and how race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with the severity of menopause symptoms in a large, diverse sample of women. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study conducted between March 24, 2019, and January 13, 2023, a total of 68,864 women were enrolled from the Evernow online telehealth platform. Participants underwent a clinical intake survey, which encompassed demographic information, detailed medical questionnaires, and a modified Menopause Rating Scale. The modified scale was adapted for ease of use online and is available in the supplementary material along with the full intake. Symptom severity was evaluated using a multivariate binomial generalized linear model, accounting for factors such as race, ethnicity, age, body mass index, smoking status, bilateral oophorectomy status, and SES. Odds ratios (OR) and CIs were calculated based on the linear regression coefficients. RESULTS: Of the participants, 67,867 (98.6%) were included in the analysis after excluding outliers and those with unknown oophorectomy status. The majority of respondents identified as White (77.4%), followed by Hispanic (9.0%), Black (6.7%), two or more races/ethnicities (4.4%), Asian (1.2%), Indigenous/First Nations (0.8%), Middle Eastern (0.3%), and South Asian (0.2%). Notably, individuals identifying as Black (hot flashes OR, 1.91; 97.5% CI, 1.75-2.09; P < 0.001), Hispanic (skin/hair changes OR, 1.58; 97.5% CI, 1.45-1.71; P < 0.001), Indigenous/First Nations (painful sex OR, 1.39; 97.5% CI, 1.19-2.75; P = 0.007), Middle Eastern (weight changes OR, 2.22; 97.5% CI, 1.25-4.37; P = 0.01), or with two or more races/ethnicities (skin/hair changes OR, 1.41; 97.5% CI, 1.26-1.58; P < 0.001) reported higher levels of symptom severity compared with their White counterparts. Conversely, Asian and South Asian participants reported lower symptom severity. Even after incorporating SES into the linear model, racial and ethnic groups with lower SES (Black, Hispanic, Indigenous, and multiple ethnicities) exhibited slight shifts in OR while maintaining high statistical significance (Black [hot flashes OR, 1.87; 97.5% CI, 1.72-2.04; P < 0.001], Hispanic [skin/hair changes OR, 1.54; 97.5% CI, 1.42-1.68; P < 0.001], Indigenous/First Nations [painful sex OR, 1.74; 97.5% CI, 1.17-2.70; P = 0.009], multiple ethnicities [skin/hair changes OR, 1.41; 97.5% CI, 1.26-1.58; P < 0.001]). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the relationship between race and ethnicity and the severity of menopause symptoms is not solely explained by differences in SES but is itself an independent factor. Understanding and addressing social, cultural, and economic factors are crucial to reduce disparities in menopausal symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad , Sofocos , Menopausia , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Clase Social , Humanos , Femenino , Menopausia/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Sofocos/etnología , Adulto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
In traditional folk medicine, Xanthoxylum plants are referred to as 'toothache trees' because their anesthetic or counter-irritant properties render them useful in the treatment of pain. Psychophysical studies have identified hydroxy-alpha-sanshool as the compound most responsible for the unique tingling and buzzing sensations produced by Szechuan peppercorns or other Xanthoxylum preparations. Although it is generally agreed that sanshool elicits its effects by activating somatosensory neurons, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain a matter of debate. Here we show that hydroxy-alpha-sanshool excites two types of sensory neurons, including small-diameter unmyelinated cells that respond to capsaicin (but not mustard oil) as well as large-diameter myelinated neurons that express the neurotrophin receptor TrkC. We found that hydroxy-alpha-sanshool excites neurons through a unique mechanism involving inhibition of pH- and anesthetic-sensitive two-pore potassium channels (KCNK3, KCNK9 and KCNK18), providing a framework for understanding the unique and complex psychophysical sensations associated with the Szechuan pepper experience.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/farmacología , Neuronas Aferentes/efectos de los fármacos , Piper nigrum/química , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Potasio/farmacología , Canales de Potasio de Dominio Poro en Tándem/fisiología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Capsaicina/farmacología , Células Cultivadas , Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Ganglios Sensoriales/citología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Potenciales de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Potenciales de la Membrana/fisiología , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Placa-Clamp , Canales de Potasio de Dominio Poro en Tándem/efectos de los fármacos , Cloruro de Potasio/farmacología , Receptor trkC/metabolismo , Canal Catiónico TRPA1 , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/deficiencia , Canales de Potencial de Receptor Transitorio/deficienciaRESUMEN
The segregation of secretory and membrane proteins to the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum is mediated by remarkably diverse signal sequences that have little or no homology with each other. Despite such sequence diversity, these signals are all recognized and interpreted by a highly conserved protein-conducting channel composed of the Sec61 complex. Signal recognition by Sec61 is essential for productive insertion of the nascent polypeptide into the translocation site, channel gating and initiation of transport. Although subtle differences in these steps can be detected between different substrates, it is not known whether they can be exploited to modulate protein translocation selectively. Here we describe cotransin, a small molecule that inhibits protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum. Cotransin acts in a signal-sequence-discriminatory manner to prevent the stable insertion of select nascent chains into the Sec61 translocation channel. Thus, the range of substrates accommodated by the channel can be specifically and reversibly modulated by a cell-permeable small molecule that alters the interaction between signal sequences and the Sec61 complex.
Asunto(s)
Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Péptidos Cíclicos/farmacología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Células COS , Sistema Libre de Células , Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados , Humanos , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Péptidos Cíclicos/síntesis química , Péptidos Cíclicos/química , Biosíntesis de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Señales de Clasificación de Proteína/fisiología , Transporte de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Canales de Translocación SEC , Especificidad por Sustrato , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/química , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/genética , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
Since Darwin, evolutionary biologists have sought to understand the drivers and mechanisms of natural trait diversity. The field advances toward this goal with the discovery of phenotypes that vary in the wild, their relationship to ecology, and their underlying genes. Here, we established resistance to extreme low temperature in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae as an ecological and evolutionary model system. We found that C. briggsae strains of temperate origin were strikingly more cold-resistant than those isolated from tropical localities. Transcriptional profiling revealed expression patterns unique to the resistant temperate ecotype, including dozens of genes expressed at high levels even after multiple days of cold-induced physiological slowdown. Mutational analysis validated a role in cold resistance for seven such genes. These findings highlight a candidate case of robust, genetically complex adaptation in an emerging model nematode, and shed light on the mechanisms at play.
Asunto(s)
Caenorhabditis , Adaptación Fisiológica , Animales , Evolución Biológica , Caenorhabditis/genética , Frío , EcotipoRESUMEN
The preemptive quality control (pQC) pathway protects cells from acute endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by attenuating translocation of nascent proteins despite their targeting to translocons at the ER membrane. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that the DnaJ protein p58(IPK) plays an essential role in this process via HSP70 recruitment to the cytosolic face of translocons for extraction of translocationally attenuated nascent chains. Our analyses revealed that the heightened stress sensitivity of p58-/- cells was not due to an impairment of the pQC pathway or elevated ER substrate burden during acute stress. Instead, the lesion was in the protein processing capacity of the ER lumen, where p58(IPK) was found to normally reside in association with BiP. ER lumenal p58(IPK) could be coimmunoprecipitated with a newly synthesized secretory protein in vitro and stimulated protein maturation upon overexpression in cells. These results identify a previously unanticipated location for p58(IPK) in the ER lumen where its putative function as a cochaperone explains the stress-sensitivity phenotype of knockout cells and mice.
Asunto(s)
Retículo Endoplásmico/patología , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP40/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Chaperón BiP del Retículo Endoplásmico , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP40/química , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP40/deficiencia , Células HeLa , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Chaperonas Moleculares/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Células 3T3 NIH , Prolactina/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Precursores de Proteínas/metabolismo , Señales de Clasificación de Proteína , Transporte de ProteínasRESUMEN
Neuroscience relies on techniques for imaging the structure and dynamics of neural circuits, but the cell bodies of individual neurons are often obscured by overlapping fluorescence from axons and dendrites in surrounding neuropil. Here, we describe two strategies for using the ribosome to restrict the expression of fluorescent proteins to the neuronal soma. We show first that a ribosome-tethered nanobody can be used to trap GFP in the cell body, thereby enabling direct visualization of previously undetectable GFP fluorescence. We then design a ribosome-tethered GCaMP for imaging calcium dynamics. We show that this reporter faithfully tracks somatic calcium dynamics in the mouse brain while eliminating cross-talk between neurons caused by contaminating neuropil. In worms, this reporter enables whole-brain imaging with faster kinetics and brighter fluorescence than commonly used nuclear GCaMPs. These two approaches provide a general way to enhance the specificity of imaging in neurobiology.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcio/metabolismo , Cuerpo Celular/patología , Neuronas/patología , Imagen Óptica/métodos , Ribosomas/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Caenorhabditis elegans , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio , Cuerpo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes , Ratones , Neuronas/metabolismo , Neurópilo , Proteína Ribosómica L10/metabolismo , Anticuerpos de Dominio ÚnicoRESUMEN
Photoaffinity labeling is a powerful tool to identify protein targets of biologically active small molecules, yet is often limited by the size, chemical properties, and availability of photoreactive groups. We report an improved synthesis of photo-leucine, a diazirine-based photoreactive analogue of leucine, and demonstrate its incorporation into a cyclodepsipeptide inhibitor of cotranslational translocation. Photoaffinity labeling in a crude membrane fraction, followed by "click chemistry" with a rhodamine-azide reporter, enabled the identification of Sec61alpha, the structural core of the Sec61 translocation channel, as the inhibitor's target.
Asunto(s)
Depsipéptidos/química , Leucina/química , Proteínas de la Membrana/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , Fotoquímica , Unión Proteica , Transporte de Proteínas , Canales de Translocación SECRESUMEN
Many biological functions are conserved, but the extent to which conservation applies to integrative behaviors is unknown. Vasopressin and oxytocin neuropeptides are strongly implicated in mammalian reproductive and social behaviors, yet rodent loss-of-function mutants have relatively subtle behavioral defects. Here we identify an oxytocin/vasopressin-like signaling system in Caenorhabditis elegans, consisting of a peptide and two receptors that are expressed in sexually dimorphic patterns. Males lacking the peptide or its receptors perform poorly in reproductive behaviors, including mate search, mate recognition, and mating, but other sensorimotor behaviors are intact. Quantitative analysis indicates that mating motor patterns are fragmented and inefficient in mutants, suggesting that oxytocin/vasopressin peptides increase the coherence of mating behaviors. These results indicate that conserved molecules coordinate diverse behavioral motifs in reproductive behavior.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Biológica , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiología , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiología , Neuropéptidos/fisiología , Oxitocina/fisiología , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/fisiología , Conducta Sexual Animal/fisiología , Vasopresinas/fisiología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Células CHO , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/agonistas , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/química , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/farmacología , Cricetinae , Humanos , Masculino , Neuropéptidos/química , Neuropéptidos/genética , Neuropéptidos/farmacología , Oxitocina/química , Oxitocina/genética , Oxitocina/farmacología , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Reproducción , Vasopresinas/química , Vasopresinas/genética , Vasopresinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Mammalian cells secrete a large number of small proteins, but their mode of translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum is not fully understood. Cotranslational translocation was expected to be inefficient due to the small time window for signal sequence recognition by the signal recognition particle (SRP). Impairing the SRP pathway and reducing cellular levels of the translocon component Sec62 by RNA interference, we found an alternate, Sec62-dependent translocation path in mammalian cells required for the efficient translocation of small proteins with N-terminal signal sequences. The Sec62-dependent translocation occurs posttranslationally via the Sec61 translocon and requires ATP. We classified preproteins into three groups: 1) those that comprise ≤100 amino acids are strongly dependent on Sec62 for efficient translocation; 2) those in the size range of 120-160 amino acids use the SRP pathway, albeit inefficiently, and therefore rely on Sec62 for efficient translocation; and 3) those larger than 160 amino acids depend on the SRP pathway to preserve a transient translocation competence independent of Sec62. Thus, unlike in yeast, the Sec62-dependent translocation pathway in mammalian cells serves mainly as a fail-safe mechanism to ensure efficient secretion of small proteins and provides cells with an opportunity to regulate secretion of small proteins independent of the SRP pathway.
Asunto(s)
Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Transporte de Proteínas , Proteínas/metabolismo , Partícula de Reconocimiento de Señal/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Señales de Clasificación de Proteína/genética , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Cotransins are cyclic heptadepsipeptides that bind the Sec61 translocon to inhibit cotranslational translocation of a subset of secreted and type I transmembrane proteins. The few known cotransin-sensitive substrates are all targeted to the translocon by a cleavable signal sequence, previously shown to be a critical determinant of cotransin sensitivity. By profiling two cotransin variants against a panel of secreted and transmembrane proteins, we demonstrate that cotransin side-chain differences profoundly affect substrate selectivity. Among the most sensitive substrates we identified is the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Like all type II transmembrane proteins, TNF-α is targeted to the translocon by its membrane-spanning domain, indicating that a cleavable signal sequence is not strictly required for cotransin sensitivity. Our results thus reveal an unanticipated breadth of translocon substrates whose expression is inhibited by Sec61 modulators.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Membrana/antagonistas & inhibidores , Péptidos Cíclicos/química , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Animales , Células COS , Células Cultivadas , Chlorocebus aethiops , Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Péptidos Cíclicos/farmacología , Biosíntesis de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Transporte de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Canales de Translocación SEC , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
Eukaryotic proteins entering the secretory pathway are translocated into the ER by signal sequences that vary widely in primary structure. We now provide a functional rationale for this long-observed sequence diversity by demonstrating that differences among signals facilitate substrate-selective modulation of protein translocation. We find that during acute ER stress, translocation of secretory and membrane proteins is rapidly and transiently attenuated in a signal sequence-selective manner. Their cotranslational rerouting to the cytosol for degradation reduces the burden of misfolded substrates entering the ER and represents a pathway for pre-emptive quality control (pQC). Bypassing the pQC pathway for the prion protein increases its rate of aggregation in the ER lumen during prolonged stress and renders cells less capable of viable recovery. Conversely, pharmacologically augmenting pQC during ER stress proved protective. Thus, protein translocation is a physiologically regulated process that is utilized for pQC as part of the ER stress response.
Asunto(s)
Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplásmico/patología , Pliegue de Proteína , Animales , Células COS , Chlorocebus aethiops , Glicoproteínas/biosíntesis , Células HeLa , Humanos , Chaperonas Moleculares/metabolismo , Priones/química , Priones/metabolismo , Señales de Clasificación de Proteína , Transporte de Proteínas , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
The ER's capacity to process proteins is limited, and stress caused by accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins (ER stress) contributes to human disease. ER stress elicits the unfolded protein response (UPR), whose components attenuate protein synthesis, increase folding capacity, and enhance misfolded protein degradation. Here, we report that P58(IPK)/DNAJC3, a UPR-responsive gene previously implicated in translational control, encodes a cytosolic cochaperone that associates with the ER protein translocation channel Sec61. P58(IPK) recruits HSP70 chaperones to the cytosolic face of Sec61 and can be crosslinked to proteins entering the ER that are delayed at the translocon. Proteasome-mediated cytosolic degradation of translocating proteins delayed at Sec61 is cochaperone dependent. In P58(IPK-/-) mice, cells with a high secretory burden are markedly compromised in their ability to cope with ER stress. Thus, P58(IPK) is a key mediator of cotranslocational ER protein degradation, and this process likely contributes to ER homeostasis in stressed cells.