Sub-acute exposure of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOA and GenX induces significant changes in the testis transcriptome and reproductive traits.

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are frequently detected in the environment and are linked to adverse reproductive health outcomes in humans. Although legacy PFAS have been phased out due to their toxicity, alternative PFAS are increasingly used despite the fact that information on their toxic effects on reproductive traits is particularly scarce. Here, we exposed male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) for a short period (21 days) to an environmentally realistic concentration (1 ppb) of PFOA, a legacy PFAS, and its replacement compound, GenX, to assess their impact on reproductive traits and gene expression. Exposure to PFAS did not impair survival but instead caused sublethal effects. Overall, PFAS exposure caused changes in male sexual behaviour and had detrimental effects on sperm motility. Sublethal variations were also seen at the transcriptional level, with the modulation of genes involved in immune regulation, spermatogenesis, and oxidative stress. We also observed bioaccumulation of PFAS, which was higher for PFOA than for GenX. Our results offer a comprehensive comparison of these two PFAS and shed light on the toxicity of a newly emerging alternative to legacy PFAS. It is therefore evident that even at low concentrations and with short exposure, PFAS can have subtle yet significant effects on behaviour, fertility, and immunity. These findings underscore the potential ramifications of pollution under natural conditions and their impact on fish populations.

Malformación venosa cavernosa en musculatura extrínseca ocular. Radioterapia estereotáctica fraccionada como alternativa terapéutica / Intramuscular cavernous venous malformation of extraocular muscles. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy as a therapeutic alternative

Las malformaciones venosas cavernosas que afectan a la musculatura extraocular son extremadamente poco frecuentes. Debido a esta localización su resección quirúrgica completa puede resultar difícil. Por este motivo se presenta un caso clínico de compromiso del músculo recto inferior, generando dolor retroocular y diplopía, que fue tratado con radioterapia estereotáctica fraccionada tras su recurrencia posquirúrgica. La radioterapia fraccionada estereotáctica supone un tratamiento alternativo eficaz en lesiones radiosensibles, sobre todo en aquellos casos con pronóstico funcional deficiente tras tratamiento quirúrgico

Intramuscular cavernous venous malformations affecting extraocular muscles are extremely uncommon. Due to their location, complete resection could be difficult. A clinical case is presented of an inferior rectus muscle orbital cavernous malformation treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy after post-surgical excision recurrence. The malformation responded to radiotherapy with a reduction in size and symptoms. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is an alternative and effective treatment for cavernous venous malformations that are surgically challenging due to their radiotherapy sensitivity

Statistical comparison of geophysical parameters and seismicity in Central Italy

Geological and geophysical data of an area of central Italy have been used for statistically comparing with the distribution of the mean seismic deformation. This parameter has been calculated by adding the square root of the energy released by earthquales inside a cell, the dimensions of which have been fixed after perfoming an analysis of spatial autocorrelation. The analysis of residuals for the multiple regression shows the existence of areas with different seismic activity than predicted by the model: a discussion of the residuals pattern follows, considering the geological setting of the area.(AU)