Antiviral Plants from Marajó Island, Brazilian Amazon: A Narrative Review.

Diseases caused by viruses are a global threat, resulting in serious medical and social problems for humanity. They are the main contributors to many minor and major outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics worldwide. Over the years, medicinal plants have been used as a complementary treatment in a range of diseases. In this sense, this review addresses promising antiviral plants from Marajó island, a part of the Amazon region, which is known to present a very wide biodiversity of medicinal plants. The present review has been limited to articles and abstracts available in Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scielo, PubMed, and Google Scholar, as well as the patent offices in Brazil (INPI), United States (USPTO), Europe (EPO) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). As a result, some plants from Marajó island were reported to have actions against HIV-1,2, HSV-1,2, SARS-CoV-2, HAV and HBV, Poliovirus, and influenza. Our major conclusion is that plants of the Marajó region show promising perspectives regarding pharmacological potential in combatting future viral diseases.

Percepção de gestantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre alimentação saudável / Perception of pregnant women in Primary Health Care about healthy eating

A gestação promove várias transformações no organismo feminino, levando a uma maior demanda energética e nutricional. Se a demanda não for alcançada, haverá uma competição entre o feto e a mãe, o que pode acarretar prejuízos ao desenvolvimento fetal. Embora amplamente discutida, não está muito claro como as gestantes enxergam a alimentação saudável e se conseguem segui-la no dia a dia. Nesse sentido, é importante saber como as gestantes compreendem o tema, se estão recebendo orientações, o que fazem com o saber adquirido e quais fatores estão influenciando suas escolhas alimentares. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar o conhecimento de gestantes atendidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em Belém-PA sobre alimentação saudável, tal como caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico e demográfico e o estado nutricional das participantes. Trata-se de um estudo quanti-qualitativo realizado com 27 gestantes atendidas na UMS Guamá utilizando-se questionário com dados socioeconômicos e demográficos e formulário semiestruturado com perguntas acerca de sua percepção sobre alimentação saudável, além de peso, altura e idade gestacional declarados. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados pelos métodos Análise da Similitude e Nuvem de Palavras. O estudo apontou que a maioria das gestantes são jovens, possuem o ensino médio, são solteiras, tem renda de um salário mínimo e sabem como alcançar uma alimentação saudável, todavia, diversos fatores influenciam suas escolhas alimentares, sendo determinantes e condicionantes da situação de alimentação, nutrição e saúde, e do acesso e consumo de alimentos saudáveis no dia a dia. Em relação ao estado nutricional, observou-se o mesmo percentual de gestantes eutróficas e com excesso de peso, o que pode estar relacionado aos diversos fatores que influenciam suas escolhas alimentares.

Pregnancy promotes several transformations in the female organism, leading to a greater energetic and nutritional demand. If the demand is not met, there will be a competition between the fetus and the mother, which can cause harm to fetal development. Although widely discussed, it is not very clear how pregnant women see healthy eating and whether they can follow it during their daily life. Therefore, it is important to know how pregnant women understand this theme, whether they are receiving guidance, what they do with the acquired knowledge, and what factors are influencing their dietary choices. The aim of this study was to verify the knowledge of pregnant women assisted in primary health care in Belém, PA concerning healthy eating, such as characterizing the socioeconomic and demographic profile and nutritional status of the participants. This is a quantitative-qualitative study conducted with 27 pregnant women enrolled at MHC Guamá using a questionnaire with socioeconomic and demographic data and a semi-structured form with questions about their perception of healthy eating and self-declared weight, height, and gestational age. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Similitude Analysis and Word Cloud methods. The study pointed out that most pregnant women are young, have a high school education, are single, have one minimum wage income, and know how to achieve a healthy diet. However, several factors influence their food choices such as the conditions of their food, nutrition, and health, and the access and consumption of healthy foods on a daily basis. Regarding nutritional status, the same percentage of eutrophic and overweight pregnant women was observed, which may be related to the various factors that influence their dietary choices.