Unveiling the phenology and associated floral regulatory pathways of Humulus lupulus L. in subtropical conditions.

MAIN CONCLUSION: The hop phenological cycle was described in subtropical condition of Brazil showing that flowering can happen at any time of year and this was related to developmental molecular pathways. Hops are traditionally produced in temperate regions, as it was believed that vernalization was necessary for flowering. Nevertheless, recent studies have revealed the potential for hops to flower in tropical and subtropical climates. In this work, we observed that hops in the subtropical climate of Minas Gerais, Brazil grow and flower multiple times throughout the year, independently of the season, contrasting with what happens in temperate regions. This could be due to the photoperiod consistently being inductive, with daylight hours below the described threshold (16.5 h critical). We observed that when the plants reached 7-9 nodes, the leaves began to transition from heart-shaped to trilobed-shaped, which could be indicative of the juvenile to adult transition. This could be related to the fact that the 5th node (in plants with 10 nodes) had the highest expression of miR156, while two miR172s increased in the 20th node (in plants with 25 nodes). Hop flowers appeared later, in the 25th or 28th nodes, and the expression of HlFT3 and HlFT5 was upregulated in plants between 15 and 20 nodes, while the expression of HlTFL3 was upregulated in plants with 20 nodes. These results indicate the role of axillary meristem age in regulating this process and suggest that the florigenic signal should be maintained until the hop plants bloom. In addition, it is possible that the expression of TFL is not sufficient to inhibit flowering in these conditions and promote branching. These findings suggest that the reproductive transition in hop under inductive photoperiodic conditions could occur in plants between 15 and 20 nodes. Our study sheds light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying hop floral development, paving the way for potential advancements in hop production on a global scale.

Fetal cystic and solid tumor of the atrioventricular node: Autopsy diagnosis at 12 weeks of gestational age.

Primary cardiac tumors are uncommon clinical entities with an incidence of 0.0017% to 0.03% of all autopsies. Cystic tumor of the atrioventricular node (CTAVN) comprises of 2.7% of cardiac tumors causing sudden death associated with complete heart block. CTAVN is a congenital benign cystic and solid mass located in the triangle of Koch in atrioventricular nodal region of the heart. It has been described from infancy to adulthood, most often as an incidental finding at autopsy, but has been not yet described in fetuses. We report a case of late spontaneous abortion detected during the first ultrasound follow-up consultation at 12w+1d of gestation in a healthy 23-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 2 para 0 and one previous termination of pregnancy. Pathological study of abortion product was request. No abnormalities were detected on gross examination, but microscopically, characteristics features of cardiac cystic and solid tumor of the atrioventricular node were identified. We present the first case described in literature of a congenital benign CTAVN in a non-macerate, normal, female fetus with an appropriate growth and development for 12w+1d of gestational age. There are many reasons for performing a fetal post-mortem autopsy foremost of which is identifying an accurate cause of death.

Maternal behaviours disrupted by Gprasp2 deletion modulate neurodevelopmental trajectory in progeny.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are known to present sex-specific differences. At the same time, understanding how maternal behaviours are affected by pathogenic mutations is crucial to translate research efforts since rearing may recursively modulate neurodevelopment phenotype of the progeny. In this work, we focused on the effects of Gprasp2 deletion in females and its impact in progeny care and development. Female mice, wild-type (WT), Gprasp2+/- (HET) or Gprasp2-/- (KO) mutants and their progeny were used and behavioural paradigms targeting anxiety, memory, maternal care, and other social behaviours were performed. Analysis of communication was carried out through daily recordings of ultrasonic vocalizations in isolated pups and cross-fostering experiments were performed to understand the effect of maternal genotype in pup development. We found that Gprasp2-/- females presented striking impairments in social and working memory. Females also showed disruptions in maternal care, as well as physiological and molecular alterations in the reproductive system and hypothalamus, such as the structure of the mammary gland and the expression levels of oxytocin receptor (OxtR) in nulliparous versus primiparous females. We observed alterations in pup communication, particularly a reduced number of calls in Gprasp2 KO pups, which resulted from an interaction effect of the dam and pup genotype. Cross-fostering mutant pups with wild-type dams rescued some of the early defects shown in vocalizations, however, this effect was not bidirectional, as rearing WT pups with Gprasp2-/- dams was not sufficient to induce significant phenotypical alterations. Our results suggest Gprasp2 mutations perturb social and working memory in a sex-independent manner, but impact female-specific behaviours towards progeny care, female physiology, and gene expression. These changes in mutant dams contribute to a disruption in early stages of progeny development. More generally, our results highlight the need to better understand GxE interactions in the context of ASDs, when female behaviour may present a contributing factor in postnatal neurodevelopmental trajectory.

Accuracy and efficiency of finite element head models: The role of finite element formulation and material laws.

Traumatic brain injury is a significant problem worldwide. In the United States of America, around 1.7 million cases are documented annually, displaying the need for a deeper understanding of the effects on the human brain. The tests required for this assessment are very complex. Tests on cadavers may raise serious ethical questions, and in vivo crash tests are not viable. In this context, there is a great need to developing finite element head models (FEHM) to study the biomechanics of the tissues when submitted to a certain impact or acceleration/deceleration scenario. An excellent compromise between accuracy and CPU efficiency is always desirable for a FEHM, For this reason, this work focuses on the improvement of an existing head model, including the study of the behavior of the brain using distinct finite element types. The finite element type and formulation is of utmost importance for the general accuracy and efficiency of the models. Several validations were performed, comparing the simulation results against experimental data. The simulations with hexahedral elements, under specific conditions, obtained more accurate results with a lower computational cost. Using hexahedrals, a comparison was also performed using two material characterizations with more than 10 years apart, using the latest finite element head model validation experiment. Overall, the newer material model displays a less stiff response, although its implementation must always depend on the overall purpose of the model it is being applied to.

Perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase na capital amazonense durante o período de 2018 a 2022 / Epidemiological profile of leprosy in the amazon capital during the period 2018 to 2022 / Perfil epidemiológico de la hanseniasis en la capital amazonense durante el período 2018-2022

Objetivo: investigar o perfil epidemiológico da Hanseníase na capital amazonense durante o período de 2018 a 2022. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica, transversal, referente ao período de 2018 a 2022. Os casos notificados de hanseníase foram obtidos por meio do Sistema de Informação de Agravos Notificáveis (SINAN), disponíveis pelo DATASUS. Os coeficientes de prevalência e de mortalidade foram estratificados por sexo, idade, ano, município, escolaridade, lesões cutâneas, baciloscopia notificada, frequência. Os dados foram avaliados através da Análise Estatística Descritiva. Resultados: Foram registrados 2247 casos notificados por Hanseníase no estado do Amazonas, entre 2018 a 2022, englobando todas as formas de manifestação da doença, registrados no SINAN. Destes, 913 foram de notificação apenas em Manaus, capital do Amazonas. Quanto ao gênero, Manaus apresentou 548 casos sendo notificados em pessoas do sexo masculino, enquanto o feminino foi identificado em 365 casos. Quando relacionados ao ano, 2019 foi o que mais apresentou casos notificados de Hanseníase em Manaus (25,41%). Conclusão: A hanseníase continua sendo preocupante em Manaus por suas taxas que elevam/diminuem dependendo dos anos. É necessário mais intervençõe/ações/beneficios sociais e a assistência ainda é insuficiente, sendo relevante novos projetos/estratégias para os pacientes, espera-se uma melhoria das práticas de vigilância, com a meta de reduzir a taxa da doença no País.

Objective: to investigate the epidemiological profile of leprosy in the capital of Amazonas during the period 2018 to 2022. Methodology: This is a cross- sectional epidemiological survey covering the period from 2018 to 2022. The reported cases of leprosy were obtained through the Notifiable Disease Information System (SINAN), available from DATASUS. The prevalence and mortality coefficients were stratified by sex, age, year, municipality, schooling, skin lesions, reported bacilli, frequency. The data were evaluated through Descriptive Statistical Analysis. Results: We registered 2247 cases reported by leprosy in the state of Amazonas, between 2018 and 2022, covering all forms of manifestation of the disease, registered in SINAN. Of these, 913 were notification only in Manaus, capital of Amazonas. As to gender, Manaus presented 548 cases being reported in males, while the female was identified in 365 cases. When related to the year, 2019 was the most reported cases of leprosy in Manaus (25,41%). Conclusion: Leprosy continues to be worrying in Manaus for its rates that increase/decrease depending on the years. More interventions/social actions/benefits are needed and the assistance is still insufficient, being relevant new projects/strategies for patients, it is expected an improvement of surveillance practices, with the goal of reducing the disease rate in the country.

Propósito: investigar el perfil epidemiológico de la Hanseníasis en la capital del Amazonas durante el periodo 2018-2022. Metodología: Se trata de una encuesta epidemiológica intersectorial que abarca el período 2018-2022. Los casos notificados de hanseniasis se obtuvieron a través del Sistema de Información de Graves Notificables (SINAN), disponible en DATASUS. Los coeficientes de prevalencia y mortalidad fueron estratificados por género, edad, año, municipio, escolaridad, lesiones cutáneas, baciloscopia reportada, frecuencia. Los datos se evaluaron a través del análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: Entre 2018 y 2022 se registraron 2247 casos de Hanseniasis en el estado de Amazonas, que abarcaron todas las formas de manifestación de la enfermedad, registrados en SINAN. De ellos, 913 solo fueron notificados en Manaus, la capital del Amazonas. En cuanto al género, Manaus presentó 548 casos notificados en hombres, mientras que la mujer fue identificada en 365 casos. En relación con el año, 2019 fue el caso más reportado de Hanseníasis en Manaus (25,41%). Conclusión: La lepra sigue siendo preocupante en Manaus por sus tasas que aumentan/disminuyen dependiendo de los años. Se necesitan más intervenciones, acciones y beneficios sociales y la asistencia sigue siendo insuficiente, siendo pertinentes nuevos proyectos y estrategias para los pacientes, se esperan mejores prácticas de vigilancia, con el objetivo de reducir la tasa de enfermedades en el país.

Effects of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) on the Testicular Parenchyma of Adult BALB/C Mice Submitted to a Hypercaloric Diet

Oxidative stress due to obesity plays a detrimental role in the testicular microenvironment and sperm parameters. We explored the impact of a hypercaloric diet in male BALB/c mice as a condition to trigger damage to the spermatogenic process and the antioxidant effect of Aspalathus linearis as well. We used a hypercaloric diet in animals divided into 3 groups: Control, Hypercaloric diet control (HC) and Hypercaloric diet and Rooibos infusion (HCR). Morphometric parameters, enzyme dosages, cell viability, and tubular histopathology were evaluated. Body weight increased in HCR animals at weeks 3, 4, and 8. We found a reduction in seminiferous epithelium height, with an increase in the tubular diameter of the HCR group. Catalase levels were lower in HC and HCR, while carbonyl protein was decreased in HC. We estimate that it induces oxidative stress (OS) capable of affecting the seminiferous epithelium and that the infusion of A. linearis does not demonstrate a potential benefit in cell preservation.

Doxycycline hyclate may damage testicular germinal epithelium in Wistar rats

Broad-spectrum antimicrobial doxycycline acts as an inhibitor of protein synthesis and it is widely used in the clinical treatment of various infections by microorganisms that are sensitive to the drug, as well as in animal feed. Its liposolubility guarantees its high tissue bioavailability, being associated with several biochemical changes in the organism and potentially adverse effects on reproduction. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the action of doxycycline on spermatogenesis to provide a complete analysis of the tubular and interstitial compartments and to identify possible changes in the testicular parenchyma. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: one control (water), and two treated with doxycycline at the doses of 10mg/kg and 30mg/kg, for 30 days. After euthanasia and sample processing, the following parameters were evaluated: a) tubular diameter and height of the seminiferous epithelium; b) volumetric proportions (%) and volumes (mL) of the components of the testicular parenchyma; c) counting testicular germ cell populations; d) evaluation of cell viability. The results of the comparative evaluation between the experimental groups demonstrated a significant increase in the diameter and area of the tubular lumen and a reduction in the count of spermatogonia in the experimental group that received doxycycline hyclate at a dose of 30mg/kg. In the same experimental group, an increase in the overall yield of spermatogenesis was found as a consequence of the increase in the mitotic index.

Composição de fenólicos, flavonoides, antocianinas, determinação da atividade antioxidante e comparação de métodos extrativos da folha e da casca de Caryocar brasiliense / Composition of Phenolic, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Comparison of Extractive Methods of Leaf and Bark of Caryocar brasiliense

Introdução: Caryocar brasiliense é conhecida popularmente como Pequi ou Pequizeiro, sendo uma planta com propriedades medicinais para tratamento de doenças respiratórias, úlceras gástricas e dores musculares. Objetivo: comparar a extração de biocompostos por meio de dois métodos extrativos, agitação magnética e banho ultrassônico. Além disso, avaliar a atividade antioxidante, o teor de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides e antocianinas em extratos das folhas e da casca de Pequi (C. brasiliense), com vistas a agregar valor quanto às suas propriedades funcionais. Metodologia: o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos foi determinado pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu, flavonoides e antocianinas pelo método de Lima e Melo. A atividade antioxidante foi medida pelo método 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). Resultados: o extrato das folhas de Pequi exibiu maior teor de fenólicos em relação à casca, independente do método de extração. O extrato das folhas obtido em banho ultrassônico apresentou forte atividade antioxidante com valor de 72,2%. Conclusão: os extratos de Pequi demonstraram um perfil fitoquímico promissor que deve ser investigado no futuro para aplicação farmacológica como adjuvante ou precursor na síntese de novos cosméticos ou medicamentos com propriedades antioxidante.

Introduction: Caryocar brasiliense is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of respiratory diseases, gastric ulcers and muscle pain. Objective: to compare the extraction of natural compounds using two extractive methods, magnetic stirring and ultrasonic bath. In addition, to evaluate the antioxidant activity, the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins in the leaves and bark of Pequi (C. brasiliense), with a view to adding value through its functional properties. Methodology: the phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavonoids and anthocyanins by the Lima and Melo method. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrilhhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results: the extract of the Pequi leaves exhibited a higher phenolic content in relation to the bark for both extraction methods. The Pequi leaf in an ultrasonic bath showed strong antioxidant activity with a value of 72.2%. Conclusion: Pequi extracts demonstrated a promising phytochemical profile that should be investigated in the future for pharmacological application as an adjuvant or precursor in the synthesis of a new cosmetic or medicine with antioxidant function.

Comparison of the spermatogenic process in three different mice strains: Swiss, Balb/C and C57BL/6

Many studies have been trying to establish standard protocols for animal experimentation, especially for animal species or strains, to master research variables with high precision. The main mouse strains used in the field of the biology of reproduction are Swiss, Balb/c, and C57BL/6. Since some of the strains show reproduction limitations, such as the size of the litter, the present study aimed to compare their spermatogenic processes to verify differences regarding the testicular parenchyma and germ cell populations, which could explain low offspring production. In addition, the present study provides additional information concerning the testicular parenchyma of such strains, which consequently would help researchers to choose the most suitable strain for reproductive studies. Six adult male mice were used for each of the strains. After euthanasia, the testes were weighed, fixated with Karnovsky fixative, embedded in methacrylate, sectioned, and stained with toluidine blue/sodium borate 1%. Morphometrical analyses from the testicular parenchyma (seminiferous tubules and interstitium) were made using the software ImageJ. Germ and Sertoli cells populations were counted in seminiferous tubules cross-sections at stage I of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. The lowest body and testicular weights were observed in C57BL/6 animals, followed by Balb/c and Swiss, however, the relative testes, parenchyma, and albuginea weights were significantly lower only in C57BL/6. Despite the seminiferous tubules and seminiferous epithelium proportions were lower in Swiss animals, their relative amount related to the body weight was the same among strains. The total number of germ cells was higher in Swiss animals, reflecting higher spermatogenic yield and daily sperm production. Due to the lower relative number of Sertoli cells, the Swiss animals showed the highest Sertoli cell index and support capacity. On the other hand, the lowest pathological indexes regarding the germ cells were observed in Balb/c animals, followed by Swiss and C57BL/6. In the interstitium, the proportion of blood vessels was lower in Swiss mice, while the lymphatic cell proportion was lower in C57BL/6 animals. Moreover, the highest proportions of Leydig cells and macrophages were noticed in Swiss mice, which may indicate increased testosterone levels. Altogether, such observations must be taken into account when choosing any of the studied strains for reproduction studies.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in elderly with mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study / Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Direta (ETCD) em idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve: um estudo piloto

ABSTRACT. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive, painless and easy-to use-technology. It can be used in depression, schizophrenia and other neurological disorders. There are no studies about longer usage protocols regarding the ideal duration and weekly frequency of tDCS. Objective: to study the use of tDCS twice a week for longer periods to improve memory in elderly with MCI. Methods: a randomized double-blind controlled trial of anodal tDCS on cognition of 58 elderly aged over 60 years was conducted. A current of 2.0 mA was applied for 30 minutes for 10 sessions, twice a week. The anode was placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLFC). Subjects were evaluated before and after 10 sessions by the following tests: CAMCOG, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making, Semantic Verbal Fluency (Animals), Boston naming, Clock Drawing Test, Word list memory (WLMT), Direct and Indirect Digit Order (WAIS-III and WMS-III) and N-back. Results: After 10 sessions of tDCS, significant group-time interactions were found for the CAMCOG - executive functioning (χ2 = 3.961, p = 0.047), CAMCOG - verbal fluency (χ2 = 3.869, p = 0.049), CAMCOG - Memory recall (χ2 = 9.749, p = 0.004), and WMLT - recall (χ2 = 7.254, p = 0.007). A decline in performance on the CAMCOG - constructional praxis (χ2 = 4.371, p = 0.037) was found in the tDCS group after intervention. No significant differences were observed between the tDCS and Sham groups for any other tasks. Conclusion: tDCS at 2 mA for 30 min twice a week over 5 consecutive weeks proved superior to placebo (Sham) for improving memory recall, verbal fluency and executive functioning in elderly with MCI.

RESUMO. A ETCC (estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua) é uma tecnologia não-invasiva, indolor e de fácil utilização. Pode ser usada na depressão, esquizofrenia e outros distúrbios neurológicos. Não há orientações ideais sobre o uso de protocolos mais longos quanto à duração e frequência semanal da ETCC. Objetivo: estudar o uso de ETCC duas vezes por semana por 5 semanas em idosos com CCL. Métodos: o estudo foi controlado, randomizado, duplo-cego com ETCC anódica em 58 idosos acima de 60 anos. Uma corrente de 2,0 mA foi aplicada por 30 minutos durante 10 sessões consecutivas, 2 vezes por semana. O ânodo foi colocado no córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral esquerdo (LDLFC). Os pacientes foram avaliados antes e após 10 sessões pelos testes: CAMCOG, Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MMSE), Trilhas, Fluência Verbal Semântica - Animais, Boston, Relógio, Memória da Lista de Palavras (WLMT), Dígitos - ordem direta e indireta (WAIS-III e WMS-III) e N-back. Resultados: foram encontradas interações significativas (tempo/grupo) para CAMCOG - funcionamento executivo (χ2 = 3,961, p = 0,047), CAMCOG - fluência verbal (χ2 = 3,869, p = 0,049), CAMCOG - recuperação da memória (χ2 = 9.749, p = 0,004), WMLT - recordação (χ2 = 7,254, p = 0,007). Foi observado um declínio no grupo ETCC após a intervenção para CAMCOG - praxia construtiva (χ2 = 4,371, p = 0,037). Não encontramos diferenças significativas entre os grupos ETCC e placebo para outros testes. Conclusão: A ETCC de 2 mA por 30 min, 2x por semana, por 5 semanas consecutivas, é superior ao placebo (Sham) na melhoria da recuperação de memória, fluência verbal e funcionamento executivo em idosos com CCL.

The Role of Neurophysiological Monitoring during Complex Aneurysm Surgery: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

The surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms is a routine operation in the neurosurgeon practice. Complex aneurysms are those with morphological irregularities, usually large or giant; thrombosed, partially thrombosed or calcified; with aberrant fundus/neck ratio and near eloquent neurological structures. These cases demand special skills by the surgical team. The present article is a report of two cases of complex aneurysms successfully treated, with a discussion on the role of neurophysiological monitoring. In these two cases of supra- and infratentorial complex giant aneurysms, intraoperative monitoring was extremely relevant. Thus, we believe that treating complex and giant aneurysms carries several pitfalls, and the use of multimodal intraoperative monitoring is mandatory to mitigate risks and deliver the best result to the patient.

Representação da violência doméstica contra a mulher: comparação entre discentes de enfermagem / Representación de la violencia doméstica contra las mujeres: comparación entre estudiantes de enfermería / Representation of domestic violence against women: comparison among nursing students

Resumo OBJETIVOS Identificar e comparar a estrutura e conteúdo das representações da violência doméstica contra a mulher entre discentes das séries iniciais e finais de um curso de graduação em Enfermagem. MÉTODOS Estudo qualitativo, realizado entre agosto/novembro de 2014, em Rio Grande/RS, com 132 discentes de enfermagem, sendo 71 das séries iniciais e 61 das finais. Colheram-se os dados por meio de evocações e entrevistas; para o tratamento utilizaram-se o software EVOC e análise de conteúdo. Aprovação sob o Parecer 109/2014. RESULTADOS Em comum no núcleo central figuram os termos violência, covardia, desrespeito e dor. O primeiro grupo evocou ainda tristeza e o segundo, violência-física. CONCLUSÃO A representação tem conotação negativa, com discreta diferenciação. As discentes das séries finais se fundamentam no conhecimento reificado e possuem a representação estruturada, com conceito, imagem e atitude. Espera-se contribuir para que as discentes atuem na prevenção, identificação e intervenção junto às vítimas de violência.

Resumen OBJETIVOS Identificar y comparar la estructura y el contenido de las representaciones de la violencia doméstica contra las mujeres entre los estudiosos de la serie inicial y final de una licenciatura en enfermería. MÉTODOS Estudio cualitativo, realizado entre agosto/noviembre de 2014, en Rio Grande / RS, con 132 estudiantes de enfermería, 71 y 61 de la serie inicial de la final. Los datos se recogieron a través de entrevistas y evocaciones; para el tratamiento que utiliza el software EVOC y análisis de contenido. Aprobación de conformidad con el dictamen 109/2014. RESULTADOS En el núcleo común muestran en términos de violencia, la timidez, la indiferencia y el dolor. El primer grupo también elevó la tristeza y el segundo violencia física. CONCLUSIÓN La representación tiene una connotación negativa con diferenciación discreta. Los estudiantes de las calificaciones finales se basan en el conocimiento objetivo y tener una representación estructurada, concepto, imagen y actitud. Espera que contribuya a los estudiantes actúan en la prevención, detección e intervención con víctimas de la violencia.

Abstract OBJECTIVES To identify and compare the structure and content of representations of domestic violence against women among students in the initial and final grades of a nursing undergraduate course. METHODS A qualitative study was carried out between August/November 2014, in Rio Grande/RS, with 132 nursing students, 71 of the initial grades and 61 of the final grades. The data has been collected through evocations and interviews; for the treatment, the EVOC software and content analysis have been used. Approval under Opinion 109/2014. RESULTS In common in the central nucleus are the terms violence, cowardice, disrespect and pain. The first group evoked sadness and the second, physical violence. CONCLUSION The representation has negative connotations, with discrete differentiation. The students of the final series are based on the reified knowledge and have the structured representation, with concept, image and attitude. It is hoped that the students will contribute to the prevention, identification and intervention of victims of violence.

A expansão do objeto da vigilância em acidente do trabalho: história e desafios de um centro de referência em busca da prevenção / Expansion of the object of surveillance for occupational accidents: history and challenges underwent by a reference center aiming at prevention

Resumo O Sistema de Vigilância de Acidentes de Trabalho (SIVAT), implantado pelo Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador de Piracicaba (CEREST-Piracicaba), em 2003, constitui-se em experiência consolidada de acordo com as diretrizes da Rede Nacional de Atenção Integral em Saúde do Trabalhador (RENAST). Este artigo visa analisar a história e o desenvolvimento do SIVAT, baseando-se na teoria da atividade histórico-cultural. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, nas modalidades estudo de caso e pesquisa documental. Foram identificados dois ciclos de desenvolvimento e expansão do objeto 'vigilância': no primeiro, a ação do serviço visava adequar as empresas à legislação vigente; no segundo, objetivava a reorientação no que tange aos determinantes organizacionais, identificados pela equipe como associados à acidentalidade, mas não acatados pelas organizações. Para alcançar o objeto da prevenção, vislumbra-se uma nova modalidade de intervenção formativa - o Laboratório de Mudança (LM) - baseada na articulação entre a elaboração do diagnóstico, a remodelagem, a implantação de soluções e o desenvolvimento do protagonismo interno nas organizações.

Abstract The Surveillance System for Occupational Accidents (Sistema de Vigilância em Acidentes de Trabalho - SIVAT) established by Reference Center for Workers' Health (Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador - CEREST-Piracicaba) in 2003 represents an experience consolidated according to the guidelines formulated by the National Network for Integral Care of the Workers' Health (Rede Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Trabalhador - RENAST). The present article analyzes the history and development of SIVAT at CEREST - Piracicaba from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory. The historical data comprise interviews, documents and observations performed by the researchers. Analysis showed that the studied activity underwent two cycles of expansion. During the first cycle, CEREST actions sought to adequate the targeted companies to the legislation in vigor. During the second cycle, actions aimed at introducing changes relative to organizational determinants in the targeted companies that CEREST staff identified as causes of accidents. A new modality of formative intervention, called Change Laboratory (CL), seems to be useful to attain the goal of prevention; it involves analysis of the causes of accidents, activity remodeling and implantation of solutions by developing agency in the targeted organizations.

Computed Tomographic Angiography for Cerebral Aneurysms in Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has recently gained popularity as an initial imaging test for spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study evaluated 59 patients presenting aneurysmal SAH who underwent microsurgical clipping based on CTA findings alone and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) at postoperative follow-up. Multiple aneurysms were identified by CTA in 27% of patients and in 10% of patients, DSA identified aneurysms in addition to those diagnosed with CTA. The time between CTA and surgical treatment ranged from 0­4 days. Postoperative DSA revealed that 24% of patients had residual neck. The use of CTA alonemay not be enough to detect small unruptured aneurysms in patients with multiple lesions or aneurysm remnants adjacent to an aneurysm clip. However, the advantages of CTA compared with DSA include its rapidity, reduced invasiveness, and lower cost, which allow us to proceed to ruptured aneurysm repair entirely on the basis of good-quality CTA studies.

Angiotomografia computadorizada (ATC) ganhou popularidade como exame de imagem inicial na hemorragia subaracnoide (HSA). Este estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e observacional, avaliou 59 pacientes com HSA aneurismática. Todos foram submetidos à clipagem microcirúrgica apenas com base na ATC e no seguimento realizou-se avaliação com angiografia digital (AD). Em 27% dos pacientes encontramos múltiplos aneurismas na ATC e 10% tinham outros diferentes aneurismas diagnosticados pela AD. O intervalo entre ATC e tratamento cirúrgico variou de 0­4 dias. AD pós-operatória mostrou 24% dos pacientes com colo residual. A detecção de pequenos aneurismas não rotos em pacientes com múltiplos aneurismas e colo residual pós clipagem cirúrgica continuam a ser um problema quando a ATC é realizada isoladamente. No entanto, as vantagens da ATC incluem sua rapidez, menor invasão e custo, o que nos permite realizar o tratamento cirúrgico de aneurismas rotos apenas com os achados da ATC de boa qualidade.

Resistance to B-lactam and tetracycline in Campylobacter spp isolated from broiler slaughterhouses in southern Brazil / Resistência a B-lactâmicos e tetraciclina em Campylobacter spp isolados de matadouros-frigoríficos de aves no sul do Brasil

The study was carried out to screen and analyze the genetic characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from poultry sources. A total of 141 strains of Campylobacter isolated from samples of broilers of slaughterhouses in southern Brazil was identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Campylobacter isolates were evaluated for its antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of resistance genes. The strains were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility against two agents (ampicillin and tetracycline) by disk diffusion method. PCR assay was used to confirm the specie and the presence of ampicillin (blaOXA-61), tetracycline tet(O), and the energy-dependent multi-drug efflux pump (cmeB) genes. Campylobacter jejuni was the most ubiquitous; its presence was determined in 140 samples out of 141 (99.3%), whereas Campylobacter coli was found only in one of the contaminated samples (0.70%). The results obtained showed 65% and 35.5% of Campylobacter isolates resistant to β-lactams and tetracyclines, respectively. The cmeB gene responsible for multidrug resistance was detected in 26 isolates out 141 strains (18.5%). Moreover, 36 out of 141 Campylobacter strains (25.6%) were found to be resistant to at least two different antimicrobia resistance markers (β-lactams and tetracyclines)...

O presente estudo foi realizado para examinar e analisar as características genéticas de resistência antimicrobiana de Campylobacter spp. a partir de fontes avícolas. Um total de 141 amostras de Campylobacter isolados em matadouros-frigoríficos de aves do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, foi identificado por métodos fenotípicos e genotípicos. Foi analisada a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e a presença de genes de resistência. As cepas foram testadas para detectar sensibilidade frente a dois antimicrobianos (ampicilina e tetraciclina) pelo método de difusão em disco. A seguir, usando a reação em cadeia da polimerase foi confirmada a espécie e a presença dos genes de resistência à ampicilina (blaOXA-61) e tetraciclina tet(O), assim como a detecção da bomba de efluxo (cmeB). Campylobacter jejuni foi a espécie mais isolada, sua presença foi determinada em 140 amostras (99,3%), e Campylobacter coli foi encontrada em uma única amostra (0,70%). Os resultados obtidos mostraram 65% e 35,5% de Campylobacter isolados resistentes a β-lactâmicos e tetraciclinas, respectivamente. O gene cmeB responsável pela resistência a múltiplos antimicrobianos foi detectado em 26 amostras (18,5%). Neste contexto, 36 das 141 amostras (25,6%) foram consideradas resistentes a dois grupos diferentes de antimicrobianos (β-lactâmicos e tetraciclinas)...

Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli on broiler carcasses after chilling in southern Brazil / Campylobacter jejuni e C. coli em carcaças de frangos após a refrigeração por imersão no sul do Brasil

Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli have been associated with gastrointestinal disorders in human beings, due mainly to the consumption of chicken meat. Despite control measures for reducing contamination by these bacteria, the detection of Campylobacter in carcasses after chilling remains high. A total of 105 carcasses were assessed by the horizontal detection method in five federally inspected slaughterhouses in southern Brazil in 2012 and in the first three months of 2013. Campylobacter was isolated in 37.1% of the carcasses, of which 97.5% contained C. jejuni and 2.5% were infected by C. coli. The rate of positive carcasses across the slaughterhouses ranged from 0 to 71.4%. Determining the occurrence of Campylobacter among flocks is crucial for estimating the microbial load at specific points along the slaughtering process and for minimizing the risk of contamination of end products by Campylobacter.(AU)

Campylobacter jejuni e C. coli têm sido associados a problemas gastroentéricos em seres humanos principalmente devido ao consumo de carne de frango. Embora medidas de controle sejam realizadas para reduzir a contaminação por estas bactérias, a identificação de Campylobacter em carcaças após a refrigeração por imersão é alto. Foram analisadas 105 carcaças pelo método de detecção horizontal em cinco abatedouros sob Inspeção Federal no sul do Brasil em 2012 e nos três primeiros meses de 2013. Campylobacter foi isolada em 37,1% das carcaças analisadas, as quais 97,5% foram identificados como C. jejuni e 2,5% como C. coli. A ocorrência de carcaças positivas entre matadouros variou de zero a 71,4%. O conhecimento sobre a ocorrência de Campylobacter entre os lotes é fundamental para estimar a extensão da carga microbiana em pontos específicos do abate e consequentemente minimizar o risco de contaminação por Campylobacter em produtos finais de frangos.(AU)

Biological activity of the essential oils from Cinnamodendron dinisii and Siparuna guianensis

This study had analyzed the antibacterial, antifungal and trypanocidal activity of the essential oils from Cinnamodendron dinisii Schwacke (Canellaceae) and Siparuna guianensis Aublet (Siparunaceae). The essential oils were obtained from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation, using a modified Clevenger apparatus. Chemical analysis by gas-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that these essential oils are rich in monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Activity against the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated with the agar cavity diffusion method, while activity on the filamentous fungi Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium commune was evaluated by the disk diffusion technique. Trypanocidal activity was tested against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, using the Tetrazolium salt (MTT) colorimetric assay. Both essential oils exhibited low inhibitory effect towards bacteria, showing high MIC values (125–500 μg mL−1), with Gram positive bacteria being more susceptible. Better inhibitory effect was obtained for the evaluated fungi, with lower MIC values (7.81–250 μg mL−1), being A. flavus the most susceptible species. Both essential oils presented low trypanocidal activity, with IC50/24 h values of 209.30 μg mL−1 for S. guianensis and 282.93 μg mL−1 for C. dinisii. Thus, the high values observed for the MIC of evaluated bacteria and for IC50/24 h of T. cruzi, suggest that the essential oils have a low inhibitory activity against these microorganisms. In addition, the low MIC values observed for the tested fungi species indicate good inhibitory activity on these microorganisms’s growth.

Preliminary assessment of Hedychium coronarium essential oil on fibrinogenolytic and coagulant activity induced by Bothrops and Lachesis snake venoms

The search for new inhibitors of snake venom toxins is essential to complement or even replace traditional antivenom therapy, especially in relation to compounds that neutralize the local effects of envenomations. Besides their possible use as alternative to traditional antivenom therapy, some plant species possess bioactive secondary metabolites including essential oils, which can be extracted from weeds that are considered substantial problems for agriculture, such as Hedychium coronarium. The essential oils of leaves and rhizomes from H. coronarium were extracted by hydrodistillation, and their potential inhibitory effects on the coagulant and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by the venoms of Lachesis muta, Bothrops atrox and Bothrops moojeni were analyzed. Citrated human plasma was used to evaluate the clotting time whereas changes in fibrinogen molecules were visualized by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The experimental design used for testing coagulation inhibition was randomized in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (concentration × essential oils), with three replications. The essential oils were compared since they were extracted from different organs of the same botanical species, H. coronarium. The results suggest that the oils interact with venom proteases and plasma constituents, since all oils evaluated, when previously incubated with venoms, were able to inhibit the clotting effect, with less inhibition when oils and plasma were preincubated prior to the addition of venoms. Thus, after extensive characterization of their pharmacological and toxicological effects, the essential oils can be used as an alternative to complement serum therapy, especially considering that these plant metabolites generally do not require specific formulations and may be used topically immediately after extraction.

Preliminary assessment of Hedychium coronarium essential oil on fibrinogenolytic and coagulant activity induced by Bothrops and Lachesis snake venoms

Background The search for new inhibitors of snake venom toxins is essential to complement or even replace traditional antivenom therapy, especially in relation to compounds that neutralize the local effects of envenomations. Besides their possible use as alternative to traditional antivenom therapy, some plant species possess bioactive secondary metabolites including essential oils, which can be extracted from weeds that are considered substantial problems for agriculture, such as Hedychium coronarium.Methods The essential oils of leaves and rhizomes from H. coronarium were extracted by hydrodistillation, and their potential inhibitory effects on the coagulant and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by the venoms of Lachesis muta,Bothrops atrox and Bothrops moojeniwere analyzed. Citrated human plasma was used to evaluate the clotting time whereas changes in fibrinogen molecules were visualized by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The experimental design used for testing coagulation inhibition was randomized in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (concentration × essential oils), with three replications. The essential oils were compared since they were extracted from different organs of the same botanical species, H. coronarium.Results The results suggest that the oils interact with venom proteases and plasma constituents, since all oils evaluated, when previously incubated with venoms, were able to inhibit the clotting effect, with less inhibition when oils and plasma were preincubated prior to the addition of venoms.Conclusions Thus, after extensive characterization of their pharmacological and toxicological effects, the essential oils can be used as an alternative to complement serum therapy, especially considering that these plant metabolites generally do not require specific formulations and may be used topically immediately after extraction.(AU)

The extracisternal approach in vestibular schwannoma surgery and facial nerve preservation / A abordagem extracisternal na cirurgia de schwannoma vestibular e preservação do nervo facial

The classical surgical technique for the resection of vestibular schwannomas (VS) has emphasized the microsurgical anatomy of cranial nerves. We believe that the focus on preservation of the arachnoid membrane may serve as a safe guide for tumor removal. Method The extracisternal approach is described in detail. We reviewed charts from 120 patients treated with this technique between 2006 and 2012. Surgical results were evaluated based on the extension of resection, tumor relapse, and facial nerve function. Results Overall gross total resection was achieved in 81% of the patients. The overall postoperative facial nerve function House-Brackmann grades I-II at one year was 93%. There was no recurrence in 4.2 years mean follow up. Conclusion The extracisternal technique differs from other surgical descriptions on the treatment of VS by not requiring the identification of the facial nerve, as long as we preserve the arachnoid envelope in the total circumference of the tumor. .

A técnica cirúrgica clássica para ressecção de schwannomas vestibulares enfatiza a anatomia microcirúrgica dos nervos cranianos. Acreditamos que o foco na preservação da membrana aracnóide pode servir como parâmetro seguro para a remoção do tumor. Método A abordagem extracisternal é descrita em detalhe. Analisamos o prontuário de 120 pacientes tratados com esta técnica entre 2006 e 2012. Os resultados cirúrgicos foram baseados em extensão de ressecção, recorrência tumoral e função do nervo facial. Resultados Ressecção total foi obtida em 81% dos pacientes. O resultado global da função do nervo facial (House-Brackmann graus I-II) após um ano da cirurgia foi de 93%. Não houve recidiva em um seguimento médio de 4,2 anos. Conclusão A técnica extracisternal difere de outras descrições cirúrgicas no tratamento de schwannoma vestibular pois não requer a identificação do nervo facial, contanto que o plano de aracnóide seja preservado em toda circunferência do tumor. .