RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to describe anthropometric and food intake data related to the frailty syndrome in the elderly. This was a cross-sectional study in individuals ≥ 60 years of age in a household survey in the Manguinhos neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (n = 137). Frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to Fried et al., anthropometric measures were taken, and a food frequency questionnaire was applied and the results compared to Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines. In the pre-frail and frail groups, body mass index and measures of central adiposity showed higher levels, while lean muscle parameters showed lower values, proportional to the syndrome's gradation. Frail elderly consumed higher amounts of grains and lower amounts of beans and fruit; pre-frail elderly consumed more vegetables, dairy products, and high-sugar and high-fat foods; the two groups consumed similar amounts of meat. Thus, diagnosis of the syndrome, anthropometric evaluation, and dietary assessment should be included in health policies for the elderly, since they assist in early identification of risk and favor interventions for disease prevention and health and nutritional promotion.
Asunto(s)
Antropometría , Alimentos , Anciano Frágil/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Evaluación Geriátrica , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación Nutricional , Encuestas Nutricionales , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever dados antropométricos e de alimentação relacionados à síndrome de fragilidade em idosos. O desenho foi transversal, com indivíduos ≥ 60 anos de inquérito domiciliar realizado em Manguinhos, Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (n = 137). Foram obtidos o diagnóstico de síndrome de fragilidade segundo Fried et al., medidas antropométricas e aplicado questionário de frequência de consumo alimentar, comparando-se às recomendações do Ministério da Saúde. Nos grupos pré-frágeis e frágeis, o índice de massa corporal e medidas de centralização de gordura apresentaram valores mais elevados e os parâmetros musculares, valores menores, com a gradação da síndrome. O consumo de cereais foi maior nos frágeis e o de feijão e frutas menor; o de vegetais, laticínios e alimentos ricos em açúcar e gordura foi maior nos pré-frágeis; o de carne foi semelhante nos grupos. Assim, o diagnóstico da síndrome, a avaliação antropométrica e da alimentação são ações a serem incluídas às políticas de saúde do idoso por identificar precocemente o risco e beneficiar intervenções de prevenção e promoção à saúde e nutrição.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe anthropometric and food intake data related to the frailty syndrome in the elderly. This was a cross-sectional study in individuals ≥ 60 years of age in a household survey in the Manguinhos neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (n = 137). Frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to Fried et al., anthropometric measures were taken, and a food frequency questionnaire was applied and the results compared to Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines. In the pre-frail and frail groups, body mass index and measures of central adiposity showed higher levels, while lean muscle parameters showed lower values, proportional to the syndrome's gradation. Frail elderly consumed higher amounts of grains and lower amounts of beans and fruit; pre-frail elderly consumed more vegetables, dairy products, and high-sugar and high-fat foods; the two groups consumed similar amounts of meat. Thus, diagnosis of the syndrome, anthropometric evaluation, and dietary assessment should be included in health policies for the elderly, since they assist in early identification of risk and favor interventions for disease prevention and health and nutritional promotion.
Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir datos antropométricos y de alimentación, relacionados con el síndrome de fragilidad en ancianos. El diseño fue transversal, con individuos ≥ 60 años de una encuesta domiciliaria realizada en Manguinhos, Municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil (n = 137). Se obtuvo el diagnóstico de síndrome de fragilidad según Fried et al., y las medidas antropométricas, además se administró un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo alimentario, comparándose con las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Salud. En los grupos pre-frágiles y frágiles, el índice masa corporal y medidas de centralización de grasa presentaron valores más elevados, y los parámetros musculares, valores menores con la gradación del síndrome. El consumo de cereales fue mayor en los frágiles y el de frijoles y frutas menor; el de vegetales, lácteos y alimentos ricos en azúcar y grasa fue mayor en los pre-frágiles; el de carne fue semejante en los grupos. De esta forma, el diagnóstico del síndrome, la evaluación antropométrica y de la alimentación son acciones que deben ser incluidas en las políticas de salud del anciano para identificar precozmente el riesgo y beneficiar intervenciones de prevención y promoción a la salud y nutrición.