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1.
Sex Abuse ; 36(7): 848-869, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39080999

RESUMEN

The accurate assessment of pedophilic sexual interests is crucial for the treatment and management of individuals who have sexually offended children. This study aimed to validate the Revised Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interests (SSPI-2) in a Portuguese sample of 170 men convicted of sexual offenses against children, 104 serving sentences in the community, and 66 in prison. The findings indicated that SSPI-2 demonstrated good convergent validity, as evidenced by its significant and positive associations with the "sexual deviance" item of SVR-20, the number of previous convictions for sexual crimes against children, and having 3 or more child victims, which is associated with high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing men who show greater sexual arousal to children than to adults. Furthermore, the SSPI-2 exhibited good divergent validity, with no significant correlations observed with a self-report measure of psychopathy or with a nonsexual criminal history.


Asunto(s)
Pedofilia , Humanos , Masculino , Pedofilia/diagnóstico , Pedofilia/psicología , Portugal , Adulto , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Niño , Abuso Sexual Infantil , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psicometría , Adulto Joven , Criminales/psicología
2.
J Am Chem Soc ; 145(6): 3382-3393, 2023 02 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36730942

RESUMEN

The occurrence of modular peptide repeats in load-bearing (structural) proteins is common in nature, with distinctive peptide sequences that often remain conserved across different phylogenetic lineages. These highly conserved peptide sequences endow specific mechanical properties to the material, such as toughness or elasticity. Here, using bioinformatic tools and phylogenetic analysis, we have identified the GX8 peptide with the sequence GLYGGYGX (where X can be any residue) in a wide range of organisms. By simple mutation of the X residue, we demonstrate that GX8 can be self-assembled into various supramolecular structures, exhibiting vastly different physicochemical and viscoelastic properties, from liquid-like coacervate microdroplets to hydrogels to stiff solid materials. A combination of spectroscopic, electron microscopy, mechanical, and molecular dynamics studies is employed to obtain insights into molecular scale interactions driving self-assembly of GX8 peptides, underscoring that π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions are the drivers of peptide self-assembly, whereas the X residue determines the extent of hydrogen bonding that regulates the macroscopic mechanical response. This study highlights the ability of single amino-acid polymorphism to tune the supramolecular assembly and bulk material properties of GX8 peptides, enabling us to cover a broad range of potential biomedical applications such as hydrogels for tissue engineering or coacervates for drug delivery.


Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos , Péptidos , Filogenia , Péptidos/química , Hidrogeles/química , Mutación
3.
Crim Behav Ment Health ; 32(4): 267-278, 2022 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35723026

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Psychopathy and low self-control are useful constructs for understanding antisociality/criminality. The triarchic model of psychopathy in particular is a recent and promising conceptualisation, composed of boldness, disinhibition, and meanness - three personality traits that have never been studied in tandem with low self-control. AIMS: To test relationships between the triarchic personality traits of boldness, disinhibition and meanness and low self-control with delinquent or antisocial acts. METHODS: In a cross-sectional, self-report study a schools' cohort of 14- to 18-year-olds (Mean 15.91 years, SD = 0.99 years) was recruited from regions in South Portugal and Lisbon, representative of the general population of this age in sex distribution and education. After parental consent, teenage volunteers in small groups completed psychopathy and self-control self-rating scales and then a questionnaire about their criminal or delinquent activities, all on one single occasion and in confidence from school staff or parents. Path analysis was used to test relationships. RESULTS: 567 young people, 256 (45%) of them girls, completed all ratings, 89% of those invited to do so. Low self-control had the strongest relationship with antisocial/criminal acts, followed by the disinhibition or meanness traits of the triarchic psychopathy construct. The boldness trait of the triarchic psychopathy construct had the weakest relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the most effective targets for intervention to prevent or limit antisocial behaviours by young people are likely to be self-control and disinhibition. Behavioural interventions that improve social skills and verbal problem-solving that encourage listening and waiting in response to environmental stimuli are likely to effect reduction of impulsive and aggressive reactions to others and so reduce conduct problems. Since disinhibition and self-control are such overlapping constructs, improvements in one area will generally facilitate improvements in the other area.


Asunto(s)
Agresión , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Autoinforme , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
4.
Psychiatr Psychol Law ; 29(6): 871-888, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36267604

RESUMEN

Self-control and psychopathy are correlated with antisocial behaviors among diverse samples, and a spate of recent studies examined their direct associations with criminal outcomes. However, research has largely overlooked mediation effects between psychopathy, self-control and deviant outcomes. The current study examined self-control mediation effects related to the triarchic psychopathy construct and juvenile delinquency, crime seriousness, conduct disorder (CD), and aggression outcomes. The sample consisted of N = 567 (M = 15.91 years, SD = 0.99, range = 14-18 years) southern-European youth from Portugal. Study design was cross-sectional, quantitative and non-experimental. Mediation analysis using path analysis procedures indicated that low self-control mediates the relation between the Boldness, Disinhibition and Meanness factors of the triarchic psychopathy construct and the delinquency, crime seriousness, CD and aggression outcomes. Findings suggest that self-control is a mediator of triarchic psychopathic features and diverse externalizing behavior outcomes, which adds specificity to their interrelationship as general predictors of antisocial behavior.

5.
Molecules ; 26(13)2021 Jun 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34203337

RESUMEN

Double-chain amphiphilic compounds, including surfactants and lipids, have broad significance in applications like personal care and biology. A study on the phase structures and their transitions focusing on dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride (DODAC), used inter alia in hair conditioners, is presented. The phase behaviour is dominated by two bilayer lamellar phases, Lß and Lα, with "solid" and "melted" alkyl chains, respectively. In particular, the study is focused on the effect of additives of different polarity on the phase transitions and structures. The main techniques used for investigation were differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS). From the WAXS reflections, the distance between the alkyl chains in the bilayers was obtained, and from SAXS, the thicknesses of the surfactant and water layers. The Lα phase was found to have a bilayer structure, generally found for most surfactants; a Lß phase made up of bilayers with considerable chain tilting and interdigitation was also identified. Depending mainly on the polarity of the additives, their effects on the phase stabilities and structure vary. Compounds like urea have no significant effect, while fatty acids and fatty alcohols have significant effects, but which are quite different depending on the nonpolar part. In most cases, Lß and Lα phases exist over wide composition ranges; certain additives induce transitions to other phases, which include cubic, reversed hexagonal liquid crystals and bicontinuous liquid phases. For a system containing additives, which induce a significant lowering of the Lß-Lα transition, we identified the possibility of a triggered phase transition via dilution with water.

6.
Sex Abuse ; 32(7): 806-825, 2020 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31221049

RESUMEN

Over the last decade, we have witnessed consistent advances in risk assessment procedures, namely the validation of those used with juveniles who have committed sexual offenses. The adaptation of these instruments into other languages requires research examining the conceptual and metric equivalence of the instruments, not just translation equivalence. Informed by data from 141 boys, aged 13 to 18, the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II), regarding reliability and construct validation, are presented and discussed. Factor structure, internal consistency, and interrater reliability were examined, and a reliable factorial structure that was consistent with the original validation of the J-SOAP was found. Scales 2 and 3 had good internal consistency, and Scale 1 had acceptable internal consistency. Results regarding concurrent validity revealed mostly statistically significant correlations. The implications of this research for juvenile sex offender risk assessments are discussed.


Asunto(s)
Criminales/psicología , Delincuencia Juvenil/psicología , Delitos Sexuales/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Portugal , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Medición de Riesgo
7.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 56(9)2020 Sep 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32967169

RESUMEN

Background and objectives: Athletes from combat sports are grouped into a series of weight categories that are intended to promote fair competition. Differences in performance are partly attributable to differences in body size. Consequently, ratio standards in which a performance variable is simply divided by an anthropometric characteristic such as body mass are often used, although this application is not recommended. This study aimed to obtain allometric models to interpret Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) outputs among male adult athletes from combat sports. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 64 participants aged 18-39 years (24.2 ± 4.6 years). Stature and body mass (BM) were measured and air displacement plethysmography used to estimate fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM). Lower-limb lean soft tissue (LL-LST) was derived from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. WAnT outputs were peak power (WAnT-PP) and mean power (WAnT-MP). Allometric models were obtained from simple and multiple linear regressions using log-transformed variables. Results: Models derived from a single three-dimension descriptor explained a large portion of variance: WAnT-PP (BM: 31.1%; FFM: 54%; LL-LST: 47.2%) and WAnT-MP (BM: 50.1%; FFM: 57.4%; LL-LST: 62.7%). Finally, the best proportional allometric models emerged from the combination of LL-LST and FFM (WAnT-PP: 55%; WAnT-MP: 65%). Conclusions: The relationship between weight categories and performance did not seem to be explained by the basic principles of geometric similarity.


Asunto(s)
Deportes , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adolescente , Adulto , Atletas , Tamaño Corporal , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Adulto Joven
8.
Langmuir ; 35(16): 5626-5634, 2019 Apr 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30929445

RESUMEN

We report a solution-processable π-conjugated molecular building block (denoted as PhDPP) consisting of a rigid and planar core of phenyl-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole and "soft" branched alkoxy chains that endow the solubility in a variety of organic solvents. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding in PhDPP was revealed in nonpolar solvents above a threshold of concentration and below a critical point of temperature. The strong intermolecular interaction mainly contributed by the hydrogen-bonding and π-π interaction between PhDPP molecules promoted the formation of supramolecular polymeric structures in both solution and solid states and at interfaces. The supramolecular polymeric properties enabled solution-based processing of PhDPP under a variety of conditions into different structures including fibers and uniform thin films. The structure-property relationship that we established in the present system of PhDPP from the molecular to supramolecular level will be important to solution-process this type of H-bonding π-conjugated molecules for a variety of applications such as optoelectronic devices.

9.
Fish Shellfish Immunol ; 86: 1-3, 2019 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30414895

RESUMEN

Immunostimulatory feed supplements are an increasingly common feature of aquaculture management and their benefit has been confirmed for a wide area of products. However, these investigations have often focused on the benefit of these supplements on the innate immune system. In the current project, we investigated a mixture of two commercial feed supplements (Biotronic® Top 3 and Levabon® Aquagrow E) with a known protective effect against bacterial infections. The effect of the supplemented diet on antibody titters of Oncorhynchus mykiss vaccinated against Yersinia ruckeri was determined by ELISA. Furthermore, an infection trial was performed to confirm the effect of the supplements on the survival of the fish. Finally, their effects on the growth parameters of the fish were also determined. The results from this study found no significant effect on the general antibody titters. However, when considering only the titters of specific anti-Y ruckeri antibodies, the supplemented feed was associated with an improved response to the vaccine, significantly better than in the fish that had received the control feed.


Asunto(s)
Inmunidad Adaptativa , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Yersiniosis/veterinaria , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Peces/microbiología , Yersiniosis/inmunología , Yersinia ruckeri
11.
Int J Mol Sci ; 20(7)2019 Mar 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30934737

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Research over the past decade has focused on the role of Klotho as a cardio protective agent that prevents the effects of aging on the heart and reduces the burden of cardiovascular disease CVD. The role of the interaction between fibroblast growth factor 23-(FGF-23)/Klotho in Klotho-mediated actions is still under debate. The main objective was to ascertain the potential use of plasmatic Klotho and FGF23 as markers for CKD-associated cardiac disease and mortality. METHODS: This was a prospective analysis conducted in an outpatient diabetic nephropathy clinic, enrolling 107 diabetic patients with stage 2⁻3 CKD. Patients were divided into three groups according to their left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness. RESULTS: Multinomial regression analysis demonstrated that low Klotho and higher FGF-23 levels were linked to a greater risk of concentric hypertrophy. In the generalized linear model (GLM), Klotho, FGF-23 and cardiac geometry groups were statistically significant as independent variables of cardiovascular hospitalization (p = 0.007). According to the Cox regression model, fatal cardiovascular events were associated with the following cardiac geometric classifications; eccentric hypertrophy (p = 0.050); concentric hypertrophy (p = 0.041), and serum phosphate ≥ 3.6 mg/dL (p = 0.025), FGF-23 ≥ 168 (p = 0.0149), α-klotho < 313 (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: In our population, Klotho and FGF23 are associated with cardiovascular risk in the early stages of CKD.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Factores de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/sangre , Glucuronidasa/sangre , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/sangre , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Femenino , Factor-23 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos , Hospitalización , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Proteínas Klotho , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Curva ROC
12.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev ; 50(2): 245-256, 2019 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30062495

RESUMEN

The primary aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) self-report and its short version (ICU-12) among a mixed-sex normative sample of 782 Portuguese youth (M = 15.87 years; SD = 1.72). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the three-factor structure of the ICU obtained the best fit after the removal of two items, and the two-factor structure of the ICU-12 obtained the best fit after the removal of one item. Cross-sex measurement invariance was demonstrated for both versions of the inventory. The 22-item version of the ICU and its 11-item short form (ICU-SF) demonstrated generally adequate psychometric properties of internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity (e.g., with conduct disorder symptoms). In terms of known-groups validity, males scored significantly higher than females. Results suggest that the use of the ICU and ICU-SF among Portuguese-speaking youth is psychometrically justified.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno de la Conducta , Inventario de Personalidad/normas , Psicometría , Adolescente , Trastorno de la Conducta/diagnóstico , Trastorno de la Conducta/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Portugal , Psicometría/métodos , Psicometría/normas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Conducta Social , Traducciones , Adulto Joven
13.
Prof Inferm ; 72(1): 50-54, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31162043

RESUMEN

AIM: Heart failure is a chronic disease with a complex regimen treatment. Patients must have to enroll in a disease management program to engage in self-care. However, symptom recognition is a difficult step to manage by patients, as they tend to wait for the symptoms to disappear. The aim of this study is to verify if patients with heart failure can recognize early signs of the disease. METHOD: A systematic review will be carried out to analyze the effectiveness of patient education in detecting heart failure symptoms. RESULTS: The systematic review will provide data to understand if patient education on heart failure symptom recognition is effective on reducing hospital admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with heart failure struggle daily in balancing self-care. If not taught about what symptoms to expect, patients will sit and wait at home, resulting in severe hospital admissions. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analysis focused on associations among symptoms in individuals with heart failure, or on a multicomponent Heart failure management programs, with several teaching topics. This protocol for a new review, which will focus on symptom monitoring by patients with heart failure, and the development of this skill positively interferes with self-care and avoids hospital readmissions.


Asunto(s)
Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Proyectos de Investigación , Autocuidado , Evaluación de Síntomas , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto , Eficiencia Organizacional , Humanos
14.
J Chem Ecol ; 44(7-8): 658-670, 2018 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30039208

RESUMEN

In the worldwide search for new strategies in sustainable weed management, the use of allelopathic plants incorporated into the soil as green manure can help control weeds by releasing allelochemicals into the environment. In previous experiments, Eucalyptus globulus leaves incorporated into the soil as green manure were shown to have a notable potential for weed control. But, 'what was exactly happening at chemical level?' and 'which were the compounds potentially responsible for the phytotoxic effects observed during those greenhouse assays?' In the present study, in-vitro phytotoxicity bioassays and chemical analysis of eucalyptus leaves were carried out in order to explore the relationship between the temporal phytotoxic effects and the dynamics of chemical composition. For that, eucalyptus leaves were removed from soil at different sampling times during 30 days and analyzed for phenolic and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by HPLC and HS-SPME/GC-MS, respectively. The phytotoxic potential of the aqueous extract and the volatile fraction was tested on the germination and early growth of Lactuca sativa. Eucalyptus leaves incorporated into the soil as green manure showed a continuous release of different phenolic and volatile compounds during a 30-day period of decomposition. Both fractions had phytotoxic effects during the time assayed; however, the target process of phytotoxicity was different: phenolic compounds being the factor causing germination inhibition and VOCs responsible for growth reduction. The dynamics of release of this cocktail of allelochemicals into the soil environment may be the responsible for the phytotoxicity observed in our previous works.


Asunto(s)
Eucalyptus/fisiología , Feromonas/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , Alelopatía , Eucalyptus/química , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Lactuca/efectos de los fármacos , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/metabolismo , Feromonas/análisis , Feromonas/toxicidad , Hojas de la Planta/química , Suelo/química , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/metabolismo , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/toxicidad , Control de Malezas/métodos
16.
Chem Biodivers ; 14(6)2017 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28256049

RESUMEN

The need of new anti-inflammatory drugs has led to the search for safer and more potent molecules in distinct sources, such as natural products. This work aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extracts from two herbal teas (Annona muricata L. and Jasminum grandiflorum L.) in RAW 264.7 macrophages cells and in cell-free assays. Furthermore, the phenolic composition of both extracts and of their hydrolysates was characterized by HPLC-DAD, in order to establish possible relationships with the biological activity. In a general way, A. muricata displayed a stronger capacity to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ), displaying an IC50 value of 142 µg/ml against this enzyme. A deeper look at phenolic compounds revealed that aglycones had more capacity to inhibit NO and PLA2 than their corresponding glycosides, quercetin being clearly the most potent one (IC50  = 7.47 and 1.36 µm, respectively). In addition, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, at 1.56 µm, could also inhibit PLA2 (ca. 35%). Our findings suggest that the consumption of both herbal teas may be a preventive approach to inflammatory disorders.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Tés de Hierbas , Animales , Annona/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Sistema Libre de Células/efectos de los fármacos , Jasminum/química , Ratones , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/farmacología , Inhibidores de Fosfolipasa A2 , Extractos Vegetales , Células RAW 264.7
17.
J Adolesc ; 47: 100-3, 2016 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26789996

RESUMEN

The aim of this paper was to test the factorial structure and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI). The YPI is composed of 10 dimensions that further represent three hypothesized facets of the classical description of psychopathy: callousness, interpersonal manipulation and impulsiveness. A sample of 500 adolescents aged 12 to 18 (M = 14.87; SD = 1.67) from northern Portugal participated in this study. The results generally confirmed the factorial structure of the YPI in this sample, with some qualifications.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/psicología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Adolescente , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/diagnóstico , Niño , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Portugal , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/normas , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
18.
Chem Biodivers ; 13(12): 1747-1755, 2016 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27517880

RESUMEN

Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. has a wide geographic distribution and was employed in traditional medicine as astringent, anti-rheumatic and to treat fever. T. aphylla leaves and stems extracts were studied from both chemical and biological points of view to assess the antidiabetic, anticholinesterase and antioxidant potential of this species. The HPLC/Diode Array Detector (DAD) analysis showed the presence of 14 phenolic compounds (gallic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and ellagic acids, kaempferol, quercetin, quercetin 3-O-galactoside and six flavonol derivatives). This is the first study reporting a comparative study of the biological activities of different extracts from T. aphylla. High activities were obtained against DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical (O2∙-) and nitric oxide radical (• NO) in a concentration-dependent manner, the most active extracts being the polar ones. T. aphylla also showed moderate protective effects against acetylcholinesterase, but no effects were observed against butyrylcholinesterase. Against α-glucosidase the MeOH extracts displayed IC50 values from 8.41 to 24.81 µg/ml.


Asunto(s)
Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Tamaricaceae/química , alfa-Glucosidasas/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/química , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Radicales Libres/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Hojas de la Planta/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tamaricaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Túnez
19.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev ; 47(6): 975-984, 2016 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26797703

RESUMEN

Over the last decades there has been an increased interest in assessing social anxiety in adolescents. This study aims to validate the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) to Portuguese youth, and to examine its invariance across gender as well as its psychometric properties. The participants were 782 Portuguese youths (371 males, 411 females), with an average age of 15.87 years (SD = 1.72). The results support the original three-factor structure of the SAS-A, with measurement invariance being found across gender, with females scoring higher than males on two subscales. High levels of internal consistency were found. Positive associations with empathy demonstrated that high socially anxious adolescents have elevated empathy tendencies. Mostly null or low negative associations were found with measures of psychopathic traits, callous-unemotional traits and aggression. Study findings provide evidence that the SAS-A is a psychometrically sound instrument that shows measurement invariance between genders, good reliability and positive correlations with empathy.


Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Ansiedad , Empatía , Psicometría/métodos , Adolescente , Agresión/psicología , Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Ansiedad/psicología , Escala de Evaluación de la Conducta , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Portugal , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores Sexuales , Conducta Social , Estadística como Asunto
20.
Violence Vict ; 31(2): 235-50, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26822376

RESUMEN

Intimate partner homicide/attempted homicide are the most serious outcome of intimate partner violence. Thus, in this study, conducted in Portugal, we sought to compare perpetrators of severe violence with those who perpetrate less severe acts of violence as well as to identify predictors for severe violence. Sample was constituted by 50 men convicted for marital homicide or attempted homicide and 137 men convicted for domestic violence. Results show that although both perpetrators of severe and less severe violence share some characteristics, significant differences were found among them. The use of weapons, separation/break-up, and high socioeconomic status (SES) significantly increased the likelihood of a man to commit severe violence. Prior violence, aggression, and medium SES decreased significantly the probability of an individual to perpetrate severe violence. These findings reinforce the assumption that severe and less severe forms of violence can be discrete phenomena and underscore the importance of conducting accurate risk assessments.


Asunto(s)
Agresión/psicología , Homicidio/psicología , Parejas Sexuales/psicología , Maltrato Conyugal/psicología , Adulto , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Socioeconómicos
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