[Epidemiological profile of allergic respiratory disease in Mexican children]. / Perfil epidemiológico de la enfermedad respiratoria alérgica en niños mexicanos.

OBJECTIVE: Report the prevalence and severity of the most common allergic diseases in children living in Monterrey, México. METHODS: Cross-sectional multi-center survey on the most common allergic diseases, completed by parents of 6-7-year-old children and by 13-14- year-old adolescents in the Monterrey metropolitan area, between January 2018 and December 2019. RESULTS: A total of 3,044 questionnaires were eligible for the analysis. Among children between 6-7 years old, 30.2% (n = 143/473) presented wheezing at any time in their life; with a higher prevalence in the male population. In the adolescent group, 26.4% reported having experienced wheezing at some point in their life, with a slight predominance in the female group (54.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Knowing the prevalence of allergic diseases in our population gives us tools to generate strategies that allow us to provide the best quality healthcare to our patients.

OBJETIVO: Reportar la prevalencia y gravedad de las enfermedades alérgicas más comunes en niños residentes en Monterrey, México. MÉTODOS: Encuesta multicéntrica transversal, acerca de las enfermedades alérgicas más comunes, completada por padres de niños de 6 aa 7 años y por adolescentes de 13 a 14 años del área metropolitana de Monterrey, entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2019. RESULTADOS: Un total de 3044 cuestionarios fueron elegibles para el análisis. Entre los niños de 6-7 años, 30.2% (n = 143/473) manifestaron sibilancias en algún momento de su vida; con mayor prevalencia en la población masculina. En el grupo de adolescentes el 26.4% refirió haber tenido sibilancias alguna vez en su vida, con un ligero predominio en el grupo femenino (54.9%). CONCLUSIONES: Conocer la prevalencia de las enfermedades alérgicas en la población brinda herramientas para generar estrategias para la mejor calidad asistencial en los pacientes.

[Asociación de exposición a humo de camiones en adolescentes con asma de un centro de referencia del noreste de México].

Objective: To compare whether adolescents who are exposed to truck smoke have a higher prevalence of asthma symptomatology versus those who are not exposed. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative study. Adolescents aged 13 and 14 years were included and completed a self-report questionnaire. Subjects were selected following the same methodology as in ISAAC phase III. They underwent an epidemiological survey for the presence of symptoms. Ex- posure to truck smoke was defined as passing trucks most of the day as perceived by the patient. The distribution was assessed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Comparisons with Chi-square or Student's t-test, as appropriate. A value of p³0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 492 patients were included. The demographic variables can be seen in Table 1. When performing the association between the groups of ad- olescents with asthma exposed to truck smoke, a significant difference was found in the prevalence of respiratory symptomatology and asthma (26.0% vs 9.6%, p=0.000) (Table 1). Conclusions: Adolescent patients with asthma who are exposed to truck smoke demonstrated a significant difference in the presence of respiratory symptom- atology and asthma compared to patients without exposure.

Objetivo: Comparar si los adolescentes que están expuestos a humo de camiones tienen mayor prevalencia de sintomatología de asma contra quienes no están expuestos. Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y comparativo. Se incluyeron adolescentes de 13 y 14 años de edad quienes completaron un cuestionario autoinfor- mado. Los sujetos se seleccionaron siguiendo la misma metodología que en la fase III de ISAAC. Se les realizó una encuesta epidemiológica para la presencia de síntomas. Exposición al humo de camiones se definió como el paso de camiones la mayoría del día a percepción del paciente. La distribución fue evaluada con la prueba de Kolmogórov-Smirnov. Comparaciones con prueba de Chi-cuadrada o T de Student, según corresponda. Un valor de p £ 0.05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 492 pacientes. Las variables demográficas se pueden observar en la Tabla 1. Al realizar la asociación entre los grupos de adolescentes con asma que se encuentran expuestos a humo de camiones se encontró una diferencia significativa en la prevalencia de sintomatología respira- toria y asma (26.0% vs 9.6%, p = 0.000). Conclusiones: Los pacientes adolescentes con asma que se encuentran expuestos al humo de camiones demostraron tener diferencia significativa en la presencia de sintomatología respiratoria y asma en comparación con los pacientes sin exposición.

Cardiovascular health worsening in patients with autoimmune rheumatological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Rheumatic autoimmune diseases are associated with a myriad of comorbidities. Of particular importance due to their morbimortality are cardiovascular diseases. COVID-19 greatly impacted the world population in many different areas. Patients with rheumatic diseases had to face changes in their healthcare, in addition to unemployment, a decrease in physical activity, social isolation, and lack of access to certain medications. This review summarizes the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and unhealthy behaviors in patients with rheumatic inflammatory autoimmune diseases, particularly focused on rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Searches were carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus from August to December 2022. Four reviewers screened the title and abstract of retrieved records. Potentially eligible reports were then reviewed in full text. Differences were reconciled by either consensus or discussion with an external reviewer. During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with rheumatic diseases showed an increase in the prevalence of mental health disorders (43.2-57.7%), reduced physical activity (56.8%), and a worsening in eating behaviors. Alcohol intake increased (18.2%), especially in early phases of the pandemic. Smoking prevalence decreased (28.2%). Dyslipidemia and hypertension showed no changes. The pandemic and lockdown affected rheumatic patients not only in disease-related characteristics but in the prevalence of their cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors. Lifestyle changes, such as healthy eating, physical activity, and optimal management of their rheumatic diseases and comorbidities, are essential to manage the long-lasting consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak. Key Points • During the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, depression, sedentarism, obesity, and a worsening in eating behaviors increased. •Patients with rheumatic diseases and comorbidities have worse clinical outcomes and a higher cardiovascular disease burden than those without them. •Comparative studies are necessary to precisely elucidate the pandemic's impact on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities in elite and sub-elite professional athletes / Prevalencia de alteraciones electrocardiográficas en deportistas élite y sub-élite

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities that could endanger the lives of elite and sub-elite professional athletes based on normal, borderline, and abnormal findings described in international recommendations. Material and method: This retrospective observational study was performed only on men elite football players, men elite baseball players, men elite basketball players, and men sub-elite football players (second division, third division, U-15, U-17, and U-20). Data were collected from pre-competition ECGs performed by team-affiliated physicians in the 2012 – 2019 preseasons of active-roster athletes and sub-elite players. The qualitative characteristics of each ECG were analyzed using the international recommendations for electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes to detect accepted training-related ECG findings and findings classified as borderline and abnormal. Results: A total of 716 ECGs were included. Common training-related ECG changes were found in 63.1%; sinus bradycardia was the most prevalent training-related ECG change (47.2%). The prevalence of borderline ECG readings among all the participants was 3.9%; the most frequent change was right axis deviation. The prevalence of abnormal ECG findings overall was 4.2%. Conclusion: Electrocardiographic changes in athletes are frequently seen; however, a constant review of changes within abnormal or borderline parameters is recommended. It is suggested that further research studies should study the electrocardiographic changes in elite and sub-elite athletes and compare these changes considering the biological sex of the athletes to see if there are any differences.(AU)

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de anormalidades electrocardiográficas que puedan poner en peligro la vida de deportistas profesionales élite y sub-élite, a partir de hallazgos normales, limítrofes y anormales en el ECG descritas en consensos internacionales. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional donde se analizaron los ECGs de 12 derivaciones en reposo de jugadores de élite de fútbol, béisbol y baloncesto y jugadores sub-élite de fútbol, solamente del género masculino. Los datos se recopilaron de ECGs previos a la competencia realizados por médicos afiliados al equipo en las pretemporadas 2012-2019 en deportistas de la lista activa y jugadores sub-élite. Se utilizaron las recomendaciones internacionales para la interpretación electrocardiográfica de deportistas en las variables cuantitativas para conocer las alteraciones electrocardiográficas aceptadas y evaluar la detección de anormalidades en el trazo para clasificarlas en anormal o en el límite.Resultados: Un total de 716 ECGs fueron incluidos. Se encontraron cambios comunes en el ECG relacionados con el entrenamiento en el 63,1%; la bradicardia sinusal fue el cambio en el ECG relacionado con el entrenamiento más frecuente (47,2%). La prevalencia de lecturas limítrofes de ECG entre todos los participantes fue del 3,9%; el cambio más frecuente fue la desviación del eje a la derecha. La prevalencia de hallazgos ECG anormales en general fue del 4,2%. Conclusiones: Los cambios electrocardiográficos en los deportistas se ven con frecuencia, sin embargo, se recomienda constante revisión de cambios dentro de parámetros anormales o en limitrófes. Se sugiere que estudios de investigación estudien los cambios electrocardiográficos en deportistas élite y sub-élite y que se comparen estos cambios teniendo en cuenta el sexo biológico de los deportistas para ver si existen diferencias.(AU)