Cellular retinol-binding protein 1: a therapeutic and diagnostic tumor marker.

Cellular Retinol Binding Protein 1 (CRBP1) gene is a protein coding gene located on human chromosome 3q21, which codifies a protein named CRBP1. CRBP1 is widely expressed in many tissues as a chaperone protein to regulate the uptake, subsequent esterification and bioavailability of retinol. CRBP1 combines retinol and retinaldehyde with high affinity to protect retinoids from non-specific oxidation, and transports retinoids to specific enzymes to promote the biosynthesis of retinoic acid. The vital role of CRBP1 in retinoids metabolism has been gradually discovered, which has been implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the precise functions of CRBP1 in different diseases are still poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the role of CRBP1 in various diseases, especially in both the promotion and inhibition of cancers, which may also offer a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for human diseases.

Integrative phosphatidylcholine metabolism through phospholipase A2 in rats with chronic kidney disease.

Dysregulation in lipid metabolism is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and also the important risk factors for high morbidity and mortality. Although lipid abnormalities were identified in CKD, integral metabolic pathways for specific individual lipid species remain to be clarified. We conducted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-definition mass spectrometry-based lipidomics and identified plasma lipid species and therapeutic effects of Rheum officinale in CKD rats. Adenine-induced CKD rats were administered Rheum officinale. Urine, blood and kidney tissues were collected for analyses. We showed that exogenous adenine consumption led to declining kidney function in rats. Compared with control rats, a panel of differential plasma lipid species in CKD rats was identified in both positive and negative ion modes. Among the 50 lipid species, phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LysoPA) accounted for the largest number of identified metabolites. We revealed that six PCs had integral metabolic pathways, in which PC was hydrolysed into LysoPC, and then converted to LysoPA, which was associated with increased cytosolic phospholipase A2 protein expression in CKD rats. The lower levels of six PCs and their corresponding metabolites could discriminate CKD rats from control rats. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that each individual lipid species had high values of area under curve, sensitivity and specificity. Administration of Rheum officinale significantly improved impaired kidney function and aberrant PC metabolism in CKD rats. Taken together, this study demonstrates that CKD leads to PC metabolism disorders and that the dysregulation of PC metabolism is involved in CKD pathology.

Effects of Catecholamine Stress Hormones Norepinephrine and Epinephrine on Growth, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biofilm Formation, and Gene Expressions of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a significant contributor to diarrhea. To determine whether ETEC-catecholamine hormone interactions contribute to the development of diarrhea, we tested the effects of catecholamine hormones acting on ETEC in vitro. The results showed that in the presence of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi), the growth of 9 out of 10 ETEC isolates was promoted, the MICs of more than 60% of the isolates to 6 antibiotics significantly increased, and the biofilm formation ability of 10 ETEC isolates was also promoted. In addition, NE and Epi also significantly upregulated the expression of the virulence genes feaG, estA, estB, and elt. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of 290 genes was affected by NE. These data demonstrated that catecholamine hormones may augment the diarrhea caused by ETEC.

Overexpression of DAPK1-mediated inhibition of IKKß/CSN5/PD-L1 axis enhances natural killer cell killing ability and inhibits tumor immune evasion in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) originates from the stomach and is a prevalent human malignancy. Dysfunction of death associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) has been identified as a major regulator involved in the development and progression of GC. However, there's limited data regarding the regulatory mechanism of GC. Herein, we investigated role of DAPK1 in natural killer (NK) cell killing ability and immune evasion of GC cells and mediated pathway. Samples from GC-related gene expression profile and clinical samples from 67 patients with GC were collected to determine the expression of DAPK1, IκB kinase ß (IKKß), programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome 5 (CSN5). The binding affinity among DAPK1, IKKß, CSN5, and PD-L1 was characterized to verify the underlying mechanism. GC lines were transfected with overexpressed plasmid or siRNA to determine the effect of DAPK1/IKKß/CSN5/PD-L1 axis on NK cell killing ability and immune evasion of GC cells. GC cells and tissues presented low expression of DAPK1 and high expression of IKKß, CSN5 and PD-L1. IKKß, negatively regulated by DAPK1, was capable of activating CSN5 and upregulating PD-L1 expression. Overexpression of DAPK1 promoted NK cell killing ability and reduced immune evasion, coupled with reduction of NK cell apoptosis and increases in levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, CD107a, and Granzyme B cytokines. The tumor-suppressing properties of DAPK1 through downregulation of IKKß/CSN5/PD-L1 axis in GC were further confirmed in vivo. In summary, overexpression of DAPK1 promoted the NK cell killing ability and restrained immune evasion of GC cells, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for GC treatment by modulating immune evasion.

[Analysis of pathogenic gene variant in two children with Treacher-Collins syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of two children with a clinical diagnosis of Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS). METHODS: Whole-exome sequencing was used to screen potential variants in the two children. Confirmation of suspected variants was performed through Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification and real-time PCR in probands and their parents. RESULTS: A heterozygous deletion variant, c.4357_4360delGAAA, was detected in case one, while was de novo and verified by Sanger sequencing. The variant was classified as pathogenic (PVS1 +PM2+PM6) according to ACMG guideline. The heterozygous deletion of exon 1-7 was seen in the same gene in case 2, which MLPA verified as heterozygous deletion of exon 1-6. This deletion was inherited from the father with a normal phenotype, and the father's TCOF1 gene was suspected to be chimeric heterozygous deletion of exon 1-6 verified by MLPA. CONCLUSION: The identified variants in the TCOF1 gene probably underlie the two cases of TCS. There was no apparent correlation between genotype and phenotype. In addition, it shows a high interfamilial variability ranging from normal to full presentation of TCS. Genetic detection provided clinical diagnosis and genetic counselling for TCS patients.

Genetic changes and evolutionary analysis of canine circovirus.

Canine circovirus (canineCV) has been found to be associated with vasculitis, hemorrhage, hemorrhagic enteritis, and diarrhea of canines. CanineCV, like other circoviruses, may also be associated with lymphoid depletion and immunosuppression. This circovirus has been detected worldwide in different countries and species. Recombination and mutation events in the canineCV genome have been described, indicating that the virus is continuing to evolve. However, the origin, codon usage patterns, and host adaptation of canineCV remain to be studied. Here, the coding sequences of 93 canineCV sequences available in the GenBank database were used for analysis. The results showed that canineCV sequences could be classified into five genotypes, as confirmed by phylogenetic and principal component analysis (PCA). Maximum clade credibility (MCC) and maximum-likelihood (ML) trees suggested that canineCV originated from bat circovirus. G/T and A/C nucleotide biases were observed in ORF1 and ORF2, respectively, and a low codon usage bias (CUB) was found in canineCV using an effective number of codon (ENC) analysis. Correlation analysis, ENC plot analysis and neutrality plot analysis indicated that the codon usage pattern was mainly shaped by natural selection. Codon adaptation index (CAI) analysis, relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI) analysis, and similarity index (SiD) analysis revealed a better adaption to Vulpes vulpes than to Canis familiaris. Furthermore, a cross-species transmission hypothesis that canineCV may have evolved from bats (origin analysis) and subsequently adapted to wolves, arctic foxes, dogs, and red foxes, was proposed. This study contributes to our understanding of the factors related to canineCV evolution and host adaption.

Degradation Investigation of Electrocatalyst in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell at a High Energy Efficiency.

The development of high efficient stacks is critical for the wide spread application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in transportation and stationary power plant. Currently, the favorable operation conditions of PEMFCs are with single cell voltage between 0.65 and 0.7 V, corresponding to energy efficiency lower than 57%. For the long term, PEMFCs need to be operated at higher voltage to increase the energy efficiency and thus promote the fuel economy for transportation and stationary applications. Herein, PEMFC single cell was investigated to demonstrate its capability to working with voltage and energy efficiency higher than 0.8 V and 65%, respectively. It was demonstrated that the PEMFC encountered a significant performance degradation after the 64 h operation. The cell voltage declined by more than 13% at the current density of 1000 mA cm-2, due to the electrode de-activation. The high operation potential of the cathode leads to the corrosion of carbon support and then causes the detachment of Pt nanoparticles, resulting in significant Pt agglomeration. The catalytic surface area of cathode Pt is thus reduced for oxygen reduction and the cell performance decreased. Therefore, electrochemically stable Pt catalyst is highly desirable for efficient PEMFCs operated under cell voltage higher than 0.8 V.

A Flexible Wearable Pressure Sensor with Bioinspired Microcrack and Interlocking for Full-Range Human-Machine Interfacing.

Flexible wearable pressure sensors have drawn tremendous interest for various applications in wearable healthcare monitoring, disease diagnostics, and human-machine interaction. However, the limited sensing range (<10%), low sensing sensitivity at small strains, limited mechanical stability at high strains, and complicated fabrication process restrict the extensive applications of these sensors for ultrasensitive full-range healthcare monitoring. Herein, a flexible wearable pressure sensor is presented with a hierarchically microstructured framework combining microcrack and interlocking, bioinspired by the crack-shaped mechanosensory systems of spiders and the wing-locking sensing systems of beetles. The sensor exhibits wide full-range healthcare monitoring under strain deformations of 0.2-80%, fast response/recovery time (22 ms/20 ms), high sensitivity, the ultrasensitive loading sensing of a feather (25 mg), the potential to predict the health of patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease with the imitated static tremor, and excellent reproducibility over 10 000 cycles. Meanwhile, the sensor can be assembled as smart artificial electronic skins (E-skins) for simultaneously mapping the pressure distribution and shape of touching sensing. Furthermore, it can be attached onto the legs of a smart robot and coupled to a wireless transmitter for wirelessly monitoring human-motion interactivities.

A novel electro-catalytic degradation method of phenol wastewater with Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 anodes in high-gravity fields.

In the electro-catalytic degradation process of phenol wastewater, bubbles and mass transfer limitation will result in the decrease in wastewater degradation efficiency, a long electrolysis time and a high energy consumption. Self-made Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 anodes and a high-gravity electro-catalytic reactor were used to improve them. The Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 anode was prepared with a thermal decomposition method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under optimum conditions, the removal efficiencies of phenol, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) respectively reached 94.77%, 50.96% and 41.2% after 2 h electrolysis in the high-gravity field, which were respectively 10.93%, 16.72% and 24.84% higher than those in the normal gravity field. For about the same removal efficiencies, the electrolysis time and energy consumed in the high-gravity field were 33.3% and 15.4% lower than those consumed in the normal gravity field, respectively. The degradation pathway of phenol detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was unchanged in the high-gravity field, but the degradation rate of phenol increased. The Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 anode provided good stability because the removal efficiencies of phenol and TOC decreased slightly and the surface morphology of the coating was almost unchanged when it had been used in electrolysis for 11 months, about 1,200 h, in the high-gravity field. Results indicated that the phenol wastewater degradation efficiency was improved, the time was shortened, and the energy consumption was reduced in the high-gravity field.

Construction of novel Ag/AgI/Bi4Ti3O12 plasmonic heterojunction: A study focusing on the performance and mechanism of photocatalytic removal of tetracycline.

As a result of the insufficient absorption of visible light, the application of Bi4Ti3O12 in the field of photocatalysis is limited. Ag/AgI was uniformly modified on the surface of the nanoflower bulb of Bi4Ti3O12 by simple precipitation method and photodeposition. The fabricated Ag/AgI/Bi4Ti3O12 obtained an ultra-high tetracycline (TC) removal rate under visible light irradiation. And the synergetic effects caused by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag, the photosensitivity of AgI and the p-n heterojunction are the key to improving the photocatalytic performance of materials. Besides, four plausible photodegradation pathways of TC were proposed and its intermediates were evaluated for toxicity, showing a significant decrease in toxicity after photoreaction.

Electronanofiltration Membranes with a Bilayer Charged Structure Enable High Li+/Mg2+ Selectivity.

Achieving separation of lithium and magnesium with similar radii is crucial for the current lithium extraction technology from salt lakes, which usually possess a high lithium-to-magnesium ratio. Herein, we proposed the facile sequential interfacial polymerization (SIP) approach to construct electronanofiltration membranes (ENFMs) with a bilayer charged structure consisting of a high positively charged surface and a negatively charged sublayer. The trimesoyl chloride (TMC) concentration was adjusted to enhance the -COOH content and negative charge of the polyamide sublayer to promote Li+ migration, and then the quaternized polyethylenimine was introduced to the membrane surface by the SIP process to increase the positive charge density on the surface of the ENFMs, which would block the migration of Mg2+ and enhance the Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of the ENFMs. The optimal quaternary-modified ENFMs achieved outstanding selectivity for Li+/Mg2+ (49.85) and high Li+ flux (4.10 × 10-8 mol cm-2 s-1) at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. Moreover, in simulated brines with low lithium concentration and high Mg2+/Li+ ratio, the optimal ENFMs also displayed elevated Li+/Mg2+ selectivity (>45), highlighting the substantial promise of the membranes for practical applications.

Lactobacilli-derived adjuvants combined with immunoinformatics-driven multi-epitope antigens based approach protects against Clostridium perfringens in a mouse model.

Clostridium perfringens is ubiquitously distributed and capable of secreting toxins, posing a significant threat to animal health. Infections caused by Clostridium perfringens, such as Necrotic Enteritis (NE), result in substantial economic losses to the livestock industry annually. However, there is no effective commercial vaccine available. Hence, we set out to propose an effective approach for multi-epitope subunit vaccine construction utilizing biomolecules. We utilized immunoinformatics to design a novel multi-epitope antigen against C. perfringens (CPMEA). Furthermore, we innovated novel bacterium-like particles (BLPs) through thermal acid treatment of various Lactobacillus strains and selected BLP23017 among them. Then, we detailed the structure of CPMEA and BLPs and utilized them to prepare a multi-epitope vaccine. Here, we showed that our vaccine provided full protection against C. perfringens infection after a single dose in a mouse model. Additionally, BLP23017 notably augmented the secretion of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and enhanced antibody production. We conclude that our vaccine possess safety and high efficacy, making it an excellent candidate for preventing C. perfringens infection. Moreover, we demonstrate our approach to vaccine construction and the preparation of BLP23017 with distinct advantages may contribute to the prevention of a wider array of diseases and the novel vaccine development.

High-Performance Monovalent Selective Cation Exchange Membranes with Ionically Cross-Linkable Side Chains: Effect of the Acidic Groups.

Inspired by the charge-governed protein channels located in the cell membrane, a series of polyether ether ketone-based polymers with side chains containing ionically cross-linkable quaternary ammonium groups and acidic groups have been designed and synthesized to prepare monovalent cation-selective membranes (MCEMs). Three acidic groups (sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, and phenolic hydroxyl) with different acid dissociation constant (pKa) were selected to form the ionic cross-linking structure with quaternary ammonium groups in the membranes. The ionic cross-linking induced the nanophase separation and constructed ionic channels, which resulted in excellent mechanical performance and high cation fluxes. Interesting, the cation flux of membranes increased as the ionization of acidic groups increase, but the selectivity of MCEMs did not follow the same trend, which was mainly dependent on the affinity between the functional groups and the cations. Carboxyl group-containing MCEMs exhibited the best selectivity (9.01 for Li+/Mg2+), which was higher than that of the commercial monovalent cation-selective CIMS membrane. Therefore, it is possible to prepare stable MCEMs through a simple process using ionically cross-linkable polymers, and tuning acidic groups in the membranes provided an attractive approach to improving the cation flux and selectivity of MCEMs.

Comparative Investigation of the Microstructure of MgCl2 Aqueous Solutions Using Different X-ray Scattering Sources, Raman Spectroscopy, and Atomistic Simulations.

Aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride (MgCl2(aq)) are often used to test advances in the theory of electrolyte solutions because they are considered an ideal strong 2:1 electrolyte. However, there is evidence that some ion association occurs in these solutions, even at low concentrations. Even a small ion-pairing constant can have a significant impact on the chemical speciation of ions, so it is important to determine whether ion pairing actually occurs. In this study, MgCl2(aq) with concentrations ranging from 1 to 35% was studied using three methods: X-ray scattering (XRS) with the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and silver-anode laboratory sources, Raman spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the COMPASS-II and Madrid force fields. XRS results were analyzed in the framework of PDF theory to obtain the reduced structure function F(Q) and the reduced pair distribution function G(r). The F(Q) values from synchrotron radiation and laboratory sources both showed that the tetrahedral hydrogen bonds in bulk water were destroyed with the increased MgCl2 concentration. The results of G(r) indicated that the main peaks centered at 2.05 and 2.80 Å can be ascribed to the interactions of Mg-O and O-O, respectively. The peak at 3.10 Å is attributed to the combined effect of O-O and Cl-O. By comparing the structural information on MgCl2 solution obtained from the two light sources, it was found that both SSRF and silver-anode laboratory sources can reflect the above-mentioned structural information on MgCl2 solution. The radial distribution function (RDF) obtained from MD simulations of MgCl2 solutions assigned the peaks at 2.0, 2.8, and 3.2 Å to the Mg-O, O-O, and Cl-O interatomic pairs, respectively. The decrease in the O-O coordination number confirms that the hydrogen-bonding network of water is disrupted by increasing MgCl2 observed by X-ray scattering. The proportion of Mg-Cl contact ion pairs gradually increases with MgCl2 concentration as does the coordination number. Raman spectroscopy results show that the bond type changes from double donor double acceptor (DDAA) to single donor-single acceptor (DA) with increasing concentration, providing explicit details of the hydrogen-bond evolution in the aqueous solution.

A comparative study of using linear anastomosis with circular anastomosis in digestive tract reconstruction after laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy: A retrospective study.

The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of anastomotic leakage or stenosis, anastomotic bleeding, anastomosis time, postoperative exhaust time, pneumonia, gastroesophageal reflux, hospitalization and mental state after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, so as to provide a reliable basis for the safety selection of the 2 clinical anastomosis methods and postoperative care. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 160 gastric cancer patients treated by our medical team from February 2021 to December 2021. We divided them into side-to-side anastomosis with linear stapler (linear stapler) and end-to-side anastomosis with circular stapler (circular stapler), analyzed the incidence and clinical efficacy of anastomotic complications after laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy. There was a statistically significant difference between linear stapler and the circular stapler in the incidence of anastomotic complications such as the incidence of anastomotic stenosis; The incidence of anastomotic leakage, incidence of anastomotic bleeding, without statistical significant; At the anastomosis time, time of first postoperative discharge, incidence of pneumonia, length of hospital stay, without statistical significant; The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux without statistical significant; The Anxiety Self-rating Scale score, depression self-rating scale score points, the linear stapler was significantly lower than the postoperative circular stapler. The study showed that the anastomotic complications (absolute odds ratio of 1.08; 95% CI 1.02-1.15). This 2 protocol can be used safely and effectively common methods for gastric cancer. The linear stapler after laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy was better than the circular stapler, and was better than the circular stapler in terms of postoperative exhaust time, the incidence of pneumonia and the hospital time. However, the anastomosis time was longer than that of the circular stapler, and fees are also relatively expensive.

Full-Endoscopic Isolation Zone Technique for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation.

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a type of serious sinus or sciatic nerve dysfunction caused by nucleus pulposus protrusion and annulus fibrosus tears. Its clinical symptoms often include severe low back pain, limited lumbar movement, sciatic nerve pain in the lower limbs, and even cauda equina syndrome. The common treatment for LDH is a conservative treatment scheme involving medicine, rest, and physical therapy. However, if the conservative treatment scheme is ineffective, a surgical treatment approach is adopted. Traditional open lumbar surgery has some disadvantages, including the potential for severe surgical trauma, severe blood loss during the operation, instability of the lumbar spine, and loss of the lumbar motor unit. Among the minimally invasive surgical schemes, full-endoscopic spine surgery (FESS) is undoubtedly the most appropriate and has the advantages of minimal trauma, high safety, quick postoperative recovery, and the retention of the stable structure and the motor unit of the lumbar spine. However, simultaneously, incomplete removal of the nucleus pulposus and residual nerve dysfunction after surgery can occur. To avoid these shortcomings, we studied a specific spinal endoscopy technique, the "isolation zone" surgical strategy, which can effectively block the pain from the nerve conduction pathway by completely relieving the nerve compression and nerve dysfunction through the orderly treatment of the protruding nucleus pulposus, the fissure of the annulus fibrosus, the sinus nerve, and the surrounding inflammatory soft tissues.

Incidence and Predictive Factors of New Onset Postoperative Sacroiliac Joint Pain After Posterior Lumbar Fusion Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Disease.

Introduction: To explore the incidence and predictive factors of new onset postoperative sacroiliac joint pain (PSJP) after posterior lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative lumbar disease. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-seven patient medical records from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrieved. The patients were divided into two groups: PSJP group and N-PSJP (non-postoperative sacroiliac joint pain group). To investigate potential risk factors for PSJP, HU value (Hounsfield unit value) was assessed on CT scans. ImageJ software was used to assess the fat and muscle of the lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) in the axial MRI image, the red area was marked as fat and the rest were muscles to calculate the ratio of fatty infiltration. Patient characteristics, surgical variables and radiographic parameters were analyzed statistically. Results: Twenty of 367 patients were diagnosed with PJSP at postoperative follow-up. Patients with PSJP presented with significantly higher HU value. For surgical variables, PSJP patients received more operations including distal fusion level at sacrum than the N-PSJP group. For radiographic parameters, most of the patients in the PSJP group had more severe fatty atrophic muscle in the LMM compared to the N-PSJP group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in preoperative and postoperative lumbar lordosis (LL), angle of lumbar lordosis of fixed lumbar vertebrae (FV-LL), pelvic incidence (PI), sacrum slope (SS). The bivariate logistic regression model revealed preoperative fat infiltration rate of the LMM, and higher HU value were independently associated with PSJP. Conclusion: PSJP for degenerative lumbar disease was 5.4%, the predictive factors included preoperative severe infiltration of LMM, distal fusion level at sacrum and higher HU value.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of canine coronavirus in northeastern China during 2019-2021.

Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is associated with diarrhea in dogs, with a high incidence and sometimes even death. However, there is currently limited information about its prevalence and molecular characterization in northeastern China. Therefore, in this study, we examined 325 canine fecal specimens in four provinces in northeastern China from 2019 to 2021. PCR results revealed that 57 out of 325 (17.5%) samples were found to be positive for CCoV, and the positive rate varies obviously with city, season, age and so on. High incidence (65%) of viral co-infection was detected in the diarrhea samples and mixed infection of distinct CCoV genotypes occurs extensively. More importantly, sequence analysis showed that the S gene has a strong mutation. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CCoV-I and CCoV-II strains has different origins. In particular, we found the CCoV-IIa strains of S gene sequenced and the reference strain B906_ZJ_2019 were highly clustered, and the reference strain was a recombinant strain of CCoV-I and CCoV-II. Our findings provide useful orienting clues for evaluating the pathogenic potential of CCoV in canines, and point out more details on characterization in northeastern China. Further work is required to determine the significance and continuous genetic evolution of CCoV.

Multiple genotypes infection and molecular characterization of Torque teno neovison virus: A novel Anelloviridae of mink in China.

A novel Torque teno neovison virus (TTVs) was identified in specimens collected from dead mink during an outbreak of the Aleutian mink disease virus. Eighteen complete genomic sequences were obtained, ranging from 2109 to 2158 nucleotides in length and consisting of an untranslated region and three open reading frames. The genomic organization of mink TTVs is similar to previously reported anelloviruses. However, the deduced amino acid sequence of its ORF1 protein shows genetic diversity compared to related anelloviruses, suggesting that it represents a putative new species within the Anelloviridae family. This study provides a detailed molecular characterization of the novel mink anelloviruses, including its codon usage pattern, origin, and evolution. Analysis of the viral genomic sequences reveals the existence of multiple genotypes of co-infection. Principal component analysis and phylogenetic trees confirm the coexistence of multiple genotypes. Furthermore, the codon usage analyses indicate that mink TTVs have a genotype-specific codon usage pattern and show a low codon usage bias. Host-specific adaptation analysis suggests that TTVs are less adapted to mink. The possible origin and evolutionary history of mink TTVs were elucidated. Mink TTVs was genetically closely related to giant panda anellovirus, representing a new species. The observed incongruence between the phylogenetic history of TTVs and that of their hosts suggests that the evolution of anellovirus is largely determined by cross-species transmission. The study provides insights into the co-infection and genetic evolution of anellovirus in China.

Quinolines: A Promising Heterocyclic Scaffold for Cancer Therapeutics.

The quinoline scaffold is a widely recognized heterocycle with applications across various disease categories, ranging from malaria and viral infections to bacterial infections, high cholesterol, and even tumors. Consequently, quinoline plays a crucial role in the development of new drugs, and the field greatly benefits from advancements in computer-aided drug design. This review aims to provide insights into the evolution of quinoline and its derivatives, offering a comprehensive exploration of both marketed and developing drugs. Furthermore, the function and mechanism of quinoline compounds are introduced. Many studies rely on cell experiments to demonstrate drug cytotoxicity. In the concluding section of this review, the interaction between quinoline compounds and targets is simulated using computer-aided drug design methods. A thorough analysis is conducted on the potential influencing factors affecting the binding state between quinoline compounds and targets. Notably, the Pi-Alkyl interaction emerges as a significant contributor, while hydrogen bonding is identified as a pivotal bond in these interactions. This review serves as a valuable overview of the potential contributions of quinoline compounds to cancer treatment. It seamlessly combines the essential functions of marketed quinoline drugs with the promise held by emerging quinoline-based compounds. Additionally, the simulation of interactions between quinoline compounds and proteins through computer-aided design enhances our understanding of these compounds' efficacy.