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INTRODUCTION: Only 3 types of coronavirus cause aggressive respiratory disease in humans (MERS-Cov, SARS-Cov-1, and SARS-Cov-2). It has been reported higher infection rates and severe manifestations (ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, and death) in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). For this reason, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes comorbidity and its associated unfavorable health outcomes in patients with acute respiratory syndromes for coronavirus disease according to virus types. METHODS: Systematic review of literature in Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scielo until April of 2020. We included cohort and cross-sectional studies with no restriction by language or geographical zone. The selection and extraction were undertaken by 2 reviewers, independently. The study quality was evaluated with Loney's instrument and data were synthesized by random effects model meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was quantified using an I 2 statistic. Funnel plot, Egger, and Begg tests were used to evaluate publication biases, and subgroups and sensitivity analyses were performed. Finally, we used the GRADE approach to assess the evidence certainty (PROSPERO: CRD42020178049). RESULTS: We conducted the pooled analysis of 28 studies (n = 5960). The prevalence analysis according to virus type were 451.9 diabetes cases per 1000 infected patients (95% CI: 356.74-548.78; I 2 = 89.71%) in MERS-Cov; 90.38 per 1000 (95% CI: 67.17-118.38) in SARS-Cov-1; and 100.42 per 1000 (95% CI: 77.85, 125.26 I 2 = 67.94%) in SARS-Cov-2. The mortality rate were 36%, 6%, 10% and for MERS-Cov, SARS-Cov-1, and SARS-Cov-2, respectively. Due to the high risk of bias (75% of studies had very low quality), high heterogeneity (I 2 higher than 60%), and publication bias (for MERS-Cov studies), we down rate the certainty to very low. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of DM in patients with acute respiratory syndrome due to coronaviruses is high, predominantly with MERS-Cov infection. The unfavorable health outcomes are frequent in this subset of patients. Well-powered and population-based studies are needed, including detailed DM clinical profile (such as glycemic control, DM complications, and treatment regimens), comorbidities, and SARS-Cov-2 evolution to reevaluate the worldwide prevalence of this comorbidity and to typify clinical phenotypes with differential risk within the subpopulation of DM patients.
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Objetivo: Emitir recomendaciones para el manejo de la diabetes en pacientes con falla cardiaca, contextualizadas al Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión (HNDAC) del Callao, Perú. Material y métodos: Se buscó sistemáticamente las GPC publicadas en los últimos 3 años en bases de datos, repositorios y organismos elaboradores. Se seleccionó aquellas que alcancen un puntaje >60% en la evaluación global con el instrumento AGREE-II. De cada guía se extrajeron las recomendaciones con sus respectivas preguntas clínicas. La aceptabilidad y aplicabilidad de las recomendaciones al contexto del HNDAC fueron evaluadas por médicos especialistas mediante la matriz ADAPTE. La dirección del HNDAC emitió una resolución directoral de la GPC con la versión final del documento. Resultados: De 26 GPC, 3 cumplieron requisitos: Diabetes Canadá 2018, SIGN 2017 y ESC/EASD 2019. Se adoptaron 9 recomendaciones. Los Inhibidores SGLT-2 fueron de primera elección, luego los GLP-1 e inhibidores DPP4, por último, insulina y metformina. Tanto tiazolidinedionas, saxagliptinas y sulfonilureas están contraindicadas. Conclusiones: Mediante un proceso de adopción y contextualización, se elaboró una GPC para el manejo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes con falla cardiaca.
Objetive:To issue contextualized recommendations for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure. GPC published in the last 3 Materials and methods:years were systematically searched in databases, repositories, and guideline development organizations. Those that achieve a score >60% in the overall evaluation with the AGREE-II instrument were selected. From each guide, the recommendations with theirrespectiveclinicalquestionwereextracted.The acceptability and applicability of the recommendations to the Peruvian context were evaluated by medical specialists from different institutions in the country (MINSA, EsSalud and armed forces) using the ADAPTE matrix. The final version of the document was approved by a directorial resolution in the "Daniel Alcides Carrión" National Hospital. Of 26 GPC, 3 met Results:therequirements:DiabetesCanada2018,SIGN2017and ESC/EASD 2019. Nine recommendations were adopted. SGLT-2 inhibitors were first choice in treatment, then GLP-1 and DPP4 inhibitors, finally insulin and metformin. Both thiazolidinedions, saxagliptins and sulfonylureas are contraindicated. Conclusions:Through a process of adoption and contextualization, a GPC was developed for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure.