[Rehabilitation of Patients with Diabetes]. / Rehabilitation von Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes prevalence in Germany has increased from 1% in 1960 to around 9,8%. This increase is mainly due to an increase in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. People with diabetes are classified as multimorbid patients in most cases. The prognosis is determined by secondary diseases and comorbidities.Evidence-based therapy modules are used in the rehabilitation of people with diabetes. Important clinical therapy goals are the avoidance of hypoglycemia and complications, as well as and exerting a favorable influence on comorbidities. For many rehabilitants with type 2 diabetes, one main focus is the transmission of sustainable impulses to change the lifestyle in the foreground.With the emergence of bariatric surgeries, a new successful therapy option is now available for overweight people with type 2 diabetes. The introduction of continuous glucose measurement (CGM) allows for a reduction in the incidence of hypoglycemia and thus an improvement in participation at work and on the road. The new guideline "Diabetes and Road Traffic" specifies the preconditions for fitness to drive in people with diabetes.

Penetration of light into multiple scattering media: model calculations and reflectance experiments. Part II: The radial transfer.

In continuation of our contribution to "The Axial Transfer" (Appl. Spectr. 2012. 66(8): 934-943), this paper describes the distribution of localized incident radiation in multiple scattering layers of arbitrary thickness and analyzes the lateral intensity profiles of radiation leaving the sample from its illuminated and non-illuminated surfaces. The theoretical profiles are calculated with different approximations of the equation of transfer. We derive for both non-absorbing and absorbing layers simple analytical expressions and verify their accuracy and range of applicability by comparison with Monte Carlo simulations. Particular emphasis is given to the analysis of the radial absorption, an under-theorized and under-investigated feature that can help to identify weak or hidden absorbers. In addition, we contribute to the description of how the radial reflectance is affected by anisotropy or by error sources like multiple surface reflection for samples in glass cells or deflectance (sideway loss) of radiation in small samples. Finally, the theoretical results are compared with experimental data of radial reflectance for quasi non-absorbing and absorbing powder layers.