A New Symptom, 'Palinendophonia', Associated with Pure Verbal Palinacousis Induced by a Right Inferior Temporal Lesion.

We describe the case of a patient with pure verbal palinacousis and perseveration of inner speech after a right inferior temporal lesion. The superior temporal lobe, including the superior temporal sulcus and the interhemispheric connection between the 2 superior temporal lobes, explored by tractography, were preserved. These regions are involved in voice processing, verbal short-term memory and inner speech. It can then be hypothesised that abnormal activity in this network has occurred. Palinacousis and 'palinendophonia', a term proposed for this symptom not previously reported, may be due to common cognitive processes disorders involved in both voice hearing and inner speech.

Historical Pathway from Description of Cognitive Recovery to Formal Neuropsychological Rehabilitation.

Neuropsychological rehabilitation is one of the subspecialties of neuropsychology, along with neuropsychological assessment, cognitive process descriptions, and anatomo-functional correlation, but it is still frequently underrecognized, even from a historical point of view. In this chronological review, we propose following some of the historical descriptions of cognitive recovery, and the suggested procedures and therapies to improve this recovery from mythological periods and the antiquity to recent contemporary periods and the birth of formal neuropsychological rehabilitation in neurological and psychiatric conditions.