[Qualitative and quantitative analysis of quassinoid diterpenoids from Eurycoma longifolia by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS].

In this work, a sensitive and efficient method was established and validated for qualitative and quantitative analysis of major quassinoid diterpenoids constituents from the extract of Eurycoma longifolia by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS). The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C_(18) RRHD(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 µm) column with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase by gradient elution. The UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C_(18) RRHD(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 µm)column with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase by gradient elution. The data was collected by electrospray ionization in positive mode. According to the contrast of the reference standards and the accurate masses of molecules, a total of 32 quassinoid diterpenoids in E. longifolia extract were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. For quantitative the linear range of 4 detected quassinoid diterpenoids were good(r≥0.999 6), and the overall recoveries ranged from 90.35% to 106.4%, with the RSD ranging from 1.8% to 3.6%. The method was accurate, reliable and efficient, and could comprehensively reflect the chemical constituents and content of E. longifolia, and could provide a reference for further elucidating its pharmacological basis and quality control.

The Efficacy and Safety of Enoxaparin: A Meta-analysis.

The efficacy and safety of enoxaparin (ENOX) in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unaddressed. The primary endpoint evaluated was myocardial infarction (MI) or death. The secondary endpoint was defined as major bleeding complications. Studies comparing the differences in the efficacy and safety of ENOX versus unfractionated heparin (UFH) in PCI for the treatment of STEMI were evaluated. We presented the odds ratios for individual studies and performed heterogeneity, quality assessment, and publication bias analysis. This meta-analysis examined four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 5585 patients were included (2334 ENOX patients and 3251 UFH patients). The follow-up period of the endpoints was 30 or 90 days. Compared with UFH, ENOX significantly reduced the incidence of MI (OR, 0.74; P<0.01) and death (OR, 0.74; P<0.03), while there was no significant difference between the two treatments on major bleeding (OR,0.81; P=0.33). The findings from this meta-analysis suggested that the efficacy and safety of ENOX in the treatment of STEMI patients undergoing PCI were significantly better than patients treated with UFH. According to this meta-analysis, ENOX is the preferred anticoagulant for STEMI patients receiving PCI compared to UFH.

The Prognostic Value of Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

The effect of heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) remains unclear on the quality of the prognoses of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The authors searched the EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Medline electronic databases from their respective inceptions throughout June 2017. Odds ratios were pooled from individual studies, and conducted heterogeneity analysis, quality assessment, and publication bias analysis. A total of four studies with 1,994 patients were included (554 positive patients; 1,440 negative patients). Pooled analysis of these studies showed that patients positive for H-FABP had higher incidence for mortality (OR, 6.39; p<0.01) and cardiac events (OR, 3.94; P<0.01) than negative patients, but myocardial infarction (MI) (OR, 1.43; P=0.32) showed no significant differences. ACS patients positive for H-FABP had higher rates in cardiac events and mortality. The incidence of MI showed no significant difference, possibly because this study was based on limited data from randomized studies. Additional substantial randomized controlled trials certainly needed to verify these discovery.