Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Nurses' Cancer Pain Management Competency Scale.

BACKGROUND: The Nurses' Cancer Pain Management Competency Scale (NCPMCS) is a tool to explore nurses' competencies and subjective experiences in cancer pain management, and to help nurses understand their current shortcomings in cancer pain management. The scale, currently available only in English and translated into Chinese for wider adoption abroad, provides a tool for Chinese nurses to assess their level of cancer pain management. Furthermore, based on the scale's specific score, they can evaluate their lack of understanding about cancer pain management, advance research into this area, and enhance their capacity to control cancer pain while providing patient care. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to translate and localize the new scale, and to measure its reliability and validity. The study was also to provide a way to quickly and accurately measure the competency of cancer pain management among nursing staff in China. METHODS: The Bristling translation approach was used to translate, translate back, and culturally modify the English version of the cancer pain management competency scale for nurses to create the Chinese version. A convenience sample was used for the study, 220 clinical nurses from three Grade III hospitals in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, were chosen by convenience sampling. The Chinese version of the scale was used for this investigation. RESULTS: The Cancer Pain Management Competency Scale for Nurses has 14 items over 4 dimensions in its Chinese form. From the exploratory factor analysis, four common components were recovered; the cumulative variance rate was 81.994%, the scale's Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.902, and the Cronbach's α coefficient for each dimension ranged from 0.800 to 0.938. Retest reliability was 0.915, scale content validity was 0.865, and Spearman-Brown's broken half reliability was 0.808. CONCLUSION: Nurses' cancer pain management competency in clinics can be assessed using the Chinese version of the Nurses' Cancer Pain Management Competency Scale, which has strong validity and reliability.

Unmet Care Needs and Related Factors of Lung Transplant Patients at Home.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among unmet care needs, social support, and anxiety in patients with lung transplantation. We conducted a cross-sectional study; 173 lung transplant patients who met the inclusion criteria completed questionnaires including the Organ Transplant Recipient Care Needs Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Anxiety Self-Rating Inventory. Pearson's correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were used to test the relationship between the selected variables. The results showed a moderate level of unmet care needs at home for lung transplant patients. Education level, transplant-related complications, perceived social support, and anxiety were significantly correlated with unmet care needs of lung transplant patients at home (p < .05), explaining 23.8% of the total variance for unmet care needs. Further research is required to explore interventions to reduce the level of unmet care needs of lung transplant patients.

The Effects of Laughter Yoga on Perceived Stress, Positive Psychological Capital, and Exercise Capacity in Lung Cancer Chemotherapy Patients: A Pilot Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rate in China. Although chemotherapy is effective in improving clinical symptoms, it causes a variety of acute and chronic side effects, seriously aggravating the psychological stress of patients. Laughter Yoga as a new type of aerobic exercise can effectively reduce stress levels and increase positive mood in patients. This study aimed to examine the effects of laughter yoga on perceived stress, positive psychological capital, and exercise capacity in lung cancer patients. METHODS: This study was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group trial. The study enrolled 84 lung cancer chemotherapy patients from a general hospital in central China. These patients were randomly allocated to control and intervention groups (n = 42 per group) after baseline assessments. Patients in the control group received routine care and those in the intervention group received laughter yoga intervention. Perceived stress, positive psychological capital, and exercise capacity were assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention. RESULTS: During the implementation of the study, there were 2 dropouts in each of the intervention and control groups. Ultimately, 80 patients in the control and intervention groups completed the trial. Patients who received laughter yoga intervention had significantly higher scores in positive psychological capital (P < .01, Cohen's d = 0.692) and exercise capacity (P < .01, Cohen's d = 0.659). Discernible differences were also observed in perceived stress (P < .01, Cohen's d = 1.087) between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that laughter yoga is an effective way and may produce beneficial effects on perceived stress, positive psychological capital and exercise capacity.