A comparative study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on serum electrolytes in the diabetic patients.

30 patients comprised of 3 equal groups which were given 3 types of treatment. Group I given metformin HCl (1+1), maintained a sugar level of 129-340 mg/100 ml. Group II given glibenclamide(1+1), maintained a sugar level of 120-325 mg/100 ml. Group III given a combination of both drugs, maintained a sugar level 112 mg - 46 mg/100 ml. The most suitable of the 3 was the last treatment. Serum electrolytes were measured in all the three groups. Patients taking metformin HCl and glibenclamide showed non significant low sodium with high potassium values respectively. When used in combination, they maintained normal values. On the other hand, serum calcium levels were significantly high in patients taking metformin HCl only; when compared with glibenclamide. However, when both drugs were given to patients, serum calcium remained at normal levels.

The effects of mefenamic acid on hematocrit of the lizard, Uromastix hardwickii.

Mefenamic acid is an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent. In addition induces several hematological disturbances. Present study was conducted to determine the alterations in blood PCV of the lizard Uromastix hardwickii after the administration of 7.1 mg/ml; 10.5 mg/ml and 14.0 mg/ml mefenamic acid per individual per day for 12 days to 3 test groups. The mean values of PCV were 15.5+/-0.81%, 14.5+/-0.25% and 12.0+/-0.25% for 3 test groups respectively in comparison to 23.5+/-0.40% for control. Thus a significant dose dependant reduction in mean PCV per cent following the administration of mefenamic acid for 12 days indicates the extra vascular hemolysis due to destructive change in the red cell membrane through autoantibody mechanism.

The effects of isoniazid (INH) on the hematocrit of the lizard, Uromastix hardwickii.

In recent years isoniazid has been used as an antituberculous chemophylactic agent. Severe adverse reactions have been reported following its extensive treatment. In addition to hepatic and neurologic disturbances, hematologic alterations have also been reported. Present study was conducted to determine the effect of 0.06 mg isoniazid on the lacertilian packed cell volume. It was 14.0 per cent on day 5, 18.0 and 19.8 per cent on day 10 and day 15 respectively, whereas, it was 24.0, 24.2 and 24.6 per cent in controls on day 5, 10 and day 15 respectively.

The effects of acetylsalicylic acid on the pituitary prolactin of the lizard, Uromastix hardwickii.

This study deals with the intravenous administration of 7 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) solution to Uromastix hardwickii for 4 days. It enhances the activity of anterior pituitary lactotrophs, when 0.1 ml of pituitary homogenate of ASA treated was injected hypodermically to crop-sac showed a greater diametric response and increased activity with milk like secretion than that of the injections of 0.1 ml homogenate of control pituitary. The present study indicated that ASA induces hyperprolactinemia.

The effects of mefenamic acid on the osmotic fragility of lacertilian erythrocytes.

Osmotic fragility of red cells is increased by the use of mefenamic acid. The use of this analgesic induces hemolytic anemia. Study of osmotic fragility of RBCs of control and test was observed following administration of 7.1 mg, 10.5 mg and 14 mg/day mefenamic acid to each lizard. Increased osmotic fragility was observed with increase in the amount of dose on day 6 and day 12.

The effects of mefenamic acid on the blood haemoglobin of the lizard, Uromastix hardwickii.

This study deals with the effect of 7.1 mg/day, 10.5 mg/day and 14 mg/day doses of mefenamic acid administered for 12 days to three groups of Uromastix hardwickii respectively. Individual blood samples were obtained from the anterior abdominal vein and hemoglobin content was determined. The hemoglobin in test was 5.1 g/100 ml compared to 8.0 g/100 ml of controls in experiment I and its amount remained almost similar in the case of experiment II, whereas, 4.5 g/100 ml was observed of test compared to 8.0 g/100 ml of their counterparts.

The effects of Isoniazid on the osmotic resistance of lacertilian erythrocytes.

Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes is increased by a number of commonly used analgesics, antimicrobial and antimalarial drugs, resulting in drug-induced hemolytic anemia. Study of erythrocyte osmotic fragility of control and test blood was determined after 5,10 and 15 days of 0.06 mg/ml/day Isoniazid (INH) administration to test subjects. Isoniazid treated subjects exhibited greater RBC fragility than control in 0.1 to 0.3 hypotonic solutions. Control subjects exhibited only 3 per cent destruction in 0.4 per cent saline; whereas test subjects exhibited 12 and 11 per cent destruction on day 5, and 15 in 0.4 per cent concentration of saline, while 10,13 and 15 per cent destruction in 0.5 per cent saline. The study indicated that following prolonged administration of Isoniazid a great number of osmotically fragile RBCs enter the blood stream.

Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on pituitary prolactin (PRL) in the lizard, Uromastix hardwickii.

A consideration of the data indicates that 45 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treated lizard pituitaries, extracted after 30 and 60 minutes gave a mean crop-sac diametric response of 2.15 cm and 2.13 cm respectively in pigeons. The role of hCG in accelerating the synthesis of pigeon's milk is extra ordinary, and it seems that hCG exhibits this effect via lizard pituitary lactotrophs.

The effect of centrally acting drug chlorpromazine on the secretion of prolactin in the lizard, Uromastix hardwickii.

This investigation deals with the effect of chlorpromazine, on Uromastix hypophyseal prolactin. Administration of the doses 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg chlorpromazine per 3 days per animal resulted in a significant increase pigeon crop-sac response (p<0.01). The degree of proliferation of crop-gland showed a dose dependent threshold. Chlorpromazine binds to the target cell specific receptors of PRL and GH, both at the same time.

The effect of varying concentrations of ergometrine maleate on the pituitary prolactin of the lizard, Uromastix hardwickii.

Present study deals with the effect of ergometrine maleate on prolactin (PRL) of Uromastix pituitaries. Administration of 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 mg/day/animal ergometrine maleate for 3 days to individuals of 3 respective groups resulted in decreased pigeon crop-sac diametric response. Intramuscularly treated pituitaries showed more PRL inhibition than the pituitaries of animals treated intravenously.

Hypoprolactinemia following intradermal administration of ouabain in Uromastix hardwickii.

A variety of drugs can alter the secretion of prolactin (PRL) by the pituitary gland in most animals. Secretion of prolactin is predominantly, under negative control of hypothalamus, and in this respect, it is unique among the pituitary hormones. This study was undertaken to evaluate the crop-sac diameterical response to ouabain treated Uromastix pituitary suspension. 0.1 ml suspension of ouabain treated Uromastix pituitary gave a minimum diametric crop-sac response of 0.85 cm and a maximum of 0.95 cm. Data indicates that oubain promotes the secretion of prolactin inhibiting hormone (PRIH), and produces hypoprolactinemia.