Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Cognitive Status, and the Dual-Task Performance Index in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The Performance Index (P-Index) is a measure for evaluating mobility-related dual-task performance in older adults. The identification of specific clinicodemographic factors predictive of P-Index scores, however, remains unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 120 community-dwelling older adults (average age 71.3 ± 11.23 years) to explore clinicodemographic variables that influence P-Index scores during the instrumented timed up and go test. Unadjusted analyses suggested several factors, including age, gender, body mass index, Mini-Mental Status Examination scores, functional reach test performance, history of falls, ethnicity, Geriatric Depression Scale scores, alcohol consumption, and educational levels, as potential predictors of P-Index. However, adjusted multinomial multiple regression analysis revealed Geriatric Depression Scale and Mini-Mental Status Examination scores as the exclusive independent predictors of P-Index classifications, segmented into high, intermediate, or low (percentiles ≤ 25, 26-74, or ≥ 75, respectively). A significant association was observed between the manifestation of depressive symptoms, lower Mini-Mental Status Examination scores, and reduced cognitive-motor performance. The findings implicate depressive symptoms and low cognitive performance as substantial impediments to optimal dual-task mobility within this cohort. Further studies are warranted to examine the efficacy of cognitive stimulation and antidepressant therapy, in augmenting mobility-related dual-task performance among older adults.

The Performance Index Identifies Changes Across the Dual Task Timed Up and Go Test Phases and Impacts Task-Cost Estimation in the Oldest-Old.

Introduction: Dual tasking is common in activities of daily living (ADLs) and the ability to perform them usually declines with age. While cognitive aspects influence dual task (DT) performance, most DT-cost (DT-C) related metrics include only time- or speed- delta without weighting the accuracy of cognitive replies involved in the task. Objectives: The primary study goal was to weight the accuracy of cognitive replies as a contributing factor when estimating DT-C using a new index of DT-C that considers the accuracy of cognitive replies (P-index) in the instrumented timed up and go test (iTUG). Secondarily, to correlate the novel P-index with domains of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Methods: Sixty-three participants (≥85 years old) took part in this study. The single task (ST) and DT iTUG tests were performed in a semi-random order. Both the time taken to complete the task measured utilizing an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and the accuracy of the cognitive replies were used to create the novel P-index. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected. Results: The accuracy of the cognitive replies changed across the iTUG phases, particularly between the walk 1 and walk 2 phases. Moreover, weighting 0.6 for delta-time (W1) and 0.4 for cognitive replies (W2) into the P-index enhanced the prediction of the MMSE score. The novel P-index was able to explain 37% of the scores obtained by the fallers in the "spatial orientation" and "attention" domains of the MMSE. The ability of the P-index to predict MMSE scores was not significantly influenced by age, schooling, and number of medicines in use. The Bland-Altman analysis indicated a substantial difference between the time-delta-based DT-C and P-index methods, which was within the limits of agreement. Conclusions: The P-index incorporates the accuracy of cognitive replies when calculating the DT-C and better reflects the variance of the MMSE in comparison with the traditional time- or speed-delta approaches, thus providing an improved method to estimate the DT-C.

Fatores de personalidade, depressão, ansiedade e estresse em proprietários de animais / Personality factors, depression, anxiety, and stress in pet owners / Personalidad, depresión, ansiedad y factores de estrés en propietarios de animales

O presente estudo compara fatores de personalidade, sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre proprietários e indivíduos que não possuem animais de estimação. Participaram 145 adultos, entre 18 e 78 anos (M = 30,96, DP = 12,10). Os participantes foram divididos de acordo com a espécie do animal de estimação: (a) cães, (b) gatos, (c) cães e gatos. Os resultados sugerem que pessoas sem animais de estimação apresentaram mais sintomas de ansiedade do que aquelas que possuem. Proprietários de cães e gatos apontaram maiores escores no fator de personalidade conscienciosidade do que os participantes que não possuíam nenhum animal de estimação. Desta forma, há diferenças em possuir um animal. Contudo, novos estudos na área, utilizando análises de variáveis mediadoras, bem como pesquisas longitudinais que possam explorar a possível relação causal entre diferentes características de pessoas que possuem animais de estimação e bem-estar, fazem-se necessárias.

The study compares personality factors, symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress between owners and non-pet owners. A total of 145 adults participated, between 18 and 78 years (M = 30.96, SD = 12.10). Participants were divided according to the type of pet they had: 1) dogs, 2) cats, 3) dogs and cats. The results suggest that people who do not have pets showed more anxiety symptoms than those who have pets. Dogs and cats owners showed higher scores of conscientiousness personality factor than participants who did not have any pets. The results reveal differences between animals owners and non-owners. There is a need for studies using mediating variables analyzes, as well as longitudinal research that can explore the feasible causal relationship between different characteristics of people who own pets and well-being.

El estudio compara factores de personalidad, síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés entre propietarios y no propietarios de animales. Participaron 145 adultos de 18 a 78 años (M = 30,96, SD = 12,10). Los participantes se dividieron según el tipo de mascota: 1) perros, 2) gatos, 3) perros y gatos. Los resultados sugieren que las personas que no tienen mascotas mostraron más síntomas de ansiedad que las que tienen mascotas. Los dueños de perros y gatos presentaron puntuaciones más altas del factor de conciencia de la conciencia que los participantes que no tenían ninguna mascota. Los resultados revelan diferencias entre propietarios de animales y no propietarios. Hay una necesidad de estudios que utilicen análisis de variables mediadoras, así como encuestas longitudinales que puedan explorar la posible relación causal entre las diferentes características de las personas que tienen mascotas y el bienestar.