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BACKGROUND: The post-insertion clinical course of esophageal self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) in initially frail patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC) with dysphagia remains unclear. This study aimed to assess dysphagia improvement and evaluate prognosis in initially frail patients with advanced EC following SEMS insertion. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed EC patients with EC who underwent esophageal SEMS insertion at our institution between January 2014 and March 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) ≥ 3 or ECOG PS 2 for individuals aged ≥ 75 years and recommendation for best supportive care by a multidisciplinary team. RESULTS: Forty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 37 patients (80.4%) were ≥ 75 years old, and 21 patients (45.7%) exhibited ECOG PS 3 or 4. Dysphagia score (DS) ≥ 3 was observed in 27 patients (58.7%). All esophageal SEMS insertions were successfully completed. Post-procedure, there were two fatal cases of aspiration pneumonia and one perforation incident. DS improved to ≤ 1 in 25 patients (54.3%), with multivariate analysis indicating DS 3-4 and Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) 1-2 as negative predictive factors. The median overall survival was 4.1 months (95% confidence interval 1.8-6.5). CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal SEMS insertion effectively alleviated dysphagia in initially frail EC patients, yet prognosis remained poor, with occurrences of some fatal adverse events. Careful selection of candidates for esophageal SEMS insertions is crucial in this demographic, particularly considering the challenges in improving dysphagia for patients with DS 3-4 and GPS 1-2.
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Trastornos de Deglución , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Cuidados Paliativos , Stents Metálicos Autoexpandibles , Humanos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Trastornos de Deglución/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Anciano Frágil , Fragilidad/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported the therapeutic use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using an ultrathin endoscope for targeting pharyngeal and distal side lesions in the stenosis or as a less invasive treatment via the nasal route. However, the effectiveness and safety of these treatments remain undetermined. Therefore, this study aimed to review treatment outcomes and discuss the advantages and precautions of the treatments based on our experience. METHODS: This study included 13 patients with 14 lesions who underwent 14 sessions of upper gastrointestinal ESD using an ultrathin endoscope between December 2021 and August 2023. The outcome measures included lesion background, en bloc resection rate, en bloc complete resection rates, and incidence of adverse events (including post-operative bleeding, intraoperative perforation, and delayed perforation). RESULTS: The lesions in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were eight, three, and three, respectively, and the median length (range) of each located lesion was 16.5 (6-26), 17 (9-36), and 10 (4-16) mm, respectively. En bloc resection and en bloc complete resection rates were 100 and 92.9%, respectively. The only adverse event was an intraoperative perforation observed during duodenal ESD, resulting from the assistant's inadvertent expansion of the SOUTEN at the final dissection stage. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that ESD with an ultrathin endoscope effectively reaches lesions in difficult locations and enables treatment within a small working space. Therefore, ESD using an ultrathin endoscope is a treatment option for lesions located distally to gastrointestinal stenosis, highly fibrotic lesions, and duodenal tumors.
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Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Humanos , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/métodos , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/instrumentación , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Neoplasias Duodenales/cirugía , Neoplasias Duodenales/patología , Endoscopios Gastrointestinales , Resultado del Tratamiento , Diseño de EquipoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the short-term outcome of acute arthroscopically assisted ulnar shortening (AUS), to treat short radius syndrome in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: Eleven client owned dogs. METHODS: Records of dogs that had undergone AUS for treatment of short radius syndrome were reviewed for inclusion. Reporting data included among others pre- and postoperative radioulnar, humeroradial and humeroulnar distances, lameness scores, surgical times, complications and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Following AUS, radiohumeral articulation was improved in all dogs. Median presurgery radioulnar, humeroradial and humeroulnar values were 4.5, 3.2, and 2.2 mm and were improved with surgery by a median of 3.2, 1.8, and 1.2 mm, respectively. Median surgery time was 140 min. Median time to bone healing was 8 weeks (range: 4-14). Median time to last follow-up was 9 weeks (4-468). Median lameness score (scale 0-4) improved from 2 to 1. No major complications were reported. Short-term clinical outcome was graded by the surgeons as full function in four cases and acceptable function in seven. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Radiographic and arthroscopic radiohumeral articulation were improved and short-term clinical improvement was documented following AUS in all 11 dogs.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Fracturas del Radio , Humanos , Perros , Animales , Radio (Anatomía) , Cojera Animal , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fracturas del Radio/veterinaria , Síndrome , Resultado del Tratamiento , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gastric tube cancer (GTC), whose usual histology is adenocarcinoma, occurs frequently as a result of improved survival after esophagectomy. Whether endoscopic resection (ER) for GTC is safe and suitable and guidelines for treatment and follow-up remains unclear. METHODS: Patients with GTC who underwent ER at Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital between 1997 and 2020 were studied retrospectively to evaluate clinical characteristics and short- and long-term outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-two consecutive patients with 43 lesions were treated in 42 sessions of ER. Lesions were discovered at a median of 9.0 (0-21.8) years after esophageal surgery. Nine (40.9%) patients had multiple lesions at the time of the initial ER session. However, six (54.5%) of the 11 co-existing lesions were overlooked. The location of the middle third was an estimated risk factor for overlooking (p = 0.028). In endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) cases, the en bloc dissection rate was as high as 97.1%, and the rates of bleeding, perforation, and aspiration pneumonitis were 17.6%, 0%, and 2.9%, respectively. The bleeding rate was relatively higher than that in usual gastric ESD. Twelve patients (54.5%) experienced synchronous and/or metachronous multiple GTCs during their life span. Thirteen (61.9%) patients died during the median follow-up period of 5.9 (0.7-15.5) years. One patient (7.7%) died of GTC recurrence, 15.4 years after the initial non-curative ER date; 3 (23.1%) patients died of esophageal cancer recurrence, and 3 (23.1%) died of other organ malignancies. The 5-year overall survival rate was 85.0%, and the 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: ER is feasible for GTCs. However, the rate of bleeding was high in ESD cases. Life-long endoscopic screening of metachronous lesions is desirable. Care should be taken not to overlook lesions in the middle third of the gastric tube. Early detection of esophageal cancer recurrence and other organ malignancies may improve prognosis.
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Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Esofagectomía/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Mucosa Gástrica/cirugíaRESUMEN
Barley-koji is prepared by inoculating barley, a beneficial prebiotic source, with the fungi Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii. In this study, the prebiotic effects of barley-koji on human colonic microbiota were evaluated in vitro compared with barley, using pig feces. The enzyme-resistant fraction of the following sample groups each was added to respective fermenters: cellulose, barley (Commander and ß104), and barley-koji (Commander-koji and ß104-koji). Short-chain fatty acid and ammonia-nitrogen production increased and decreased, respectively, in barley-koji and barley groups. Furthermore, the propionate concentration increased in the barley group, showing a positive correlation with the abundance of the genus Dialister. In the barley-koji group, however, acetate and n-butyrate concentrations increased during the early stages of incubation, and the relative abundance of the genus Megasphaera was higher than those of the other genera. Therefore, this study demonstrated that barley-koji might possess beneficial physiological properties for colonic fermentation, which differ from those of barley.
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Hordeum , Animales , Aspergillus , Fermentación , Hordeum/microbiología , Humanos , PorcinosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine perioperative inadvertent hypothermia (PIH) incidence, risk factors, prevention methods, and effect of PIH prevention on anesthesia recovery times. STUDY DESIGN: Nonrandomized controlled before-and-after trial. ANIMALS: Dogs (n = 277) and cats (n = 20) undergoing open surgery. METHODS: Incidence and risk factors for PIH (core temperature <96.8°F), existing thermal care practices, and recovery times were documented at baseline. For group 1, a thermal care bundle consisting of protocol-driven active warming combined with raised environmental temperatures (75°F) in induction rooms (IR) and operating rooms (OR) was implemented. Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia incidence and recovery times were recorded. For group 2, baseline active warming practices were resumed while environmental temperatures remained elevated. RESULTS: Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia was associated with preoperative imaging (P = .039) and percentage clip area (P = .037). Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia decreased in group 1 (13.5%, n = 96, P < .001) and group 2 (13.0%, n = 100, P < .001) compared with baseline (35.6%, n = 101). Median time from anesthesia withdrawal to extubation decreased in group 1 (5 minutes, P = .028) and group 2 (5 minutes, P = .018) compared with baseline (7 minutes). Median time from anesthesia recovery to spontaneous food intake decreased in group 1 (6 hours, n = 92, P = .016) but not in group 2 (6.0 hours, n = 88, P = .060) compared with baseline (n = 94, 6.7 hours). No group differences in PIH risk factors were identified. CONCLUSION: Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia incidence was high but reducible by raising environmental temperatures alone or in combination with increased focus on active warming. Reductions in PIH shortened recovery times. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Maintaining IR and OR temperatures at the standard-of-care for human pediatric surgery reduces PIH and may improve outcomes.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Hipotermia , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias , Temperatura , Animales , Gatos , Perros , Femenino , Anestesia , Temperatura Corporal , Enfermedades de los Gatos/etiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Perros/etiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/prevención & control , Hipotermia/etiología , Hipotermia/prevención & control , Hipotermia/veterinaria , Incidencia , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/veterinaria , Monitoreo Intraoperatorio , Atención Perioperativa , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To measure the density of cellular phenotypes in canine caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL), cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and long digital extensor tendon (LDET). STUDY DESIGN: Ex-vivo study. METHODS: Ten CaCL, CrCL, MCL, and LDET obtained from 1 stifle of 10 dogs with no gross pathology were analyzed histologically. The density of cells with 3 nuclear phenotypes (fusiform, ovoid, and spheroid) was determined within the core region of each specimen. RESULTS: Cells with fusiform nuclei were most dense in the MCL (median [range], 319 [118-538] cells/mm2 ) and LDET (331 [61-463]), whereas cells with ovoid nuclei were most dense in the CaCL (276 [123-368]) and CrCL (212 [165-420]). The spheroid nuclear phenotype had the lowest density in all structures (31 [5-61] in CaCL, 54 [5-90] in CrCL, 2 [0-14] in MCL, and 5 [0-80] in LDET); however, the CrCL contained a denser population of spheroid cells compared with MCL and LDET (P < .05). Total cell densities did not differ among the 4 structures (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Phenotype density varied within the ligaments and tendon tested here. The cell population of CaCL and CrCL differed from that of dense collagenous tissues such as MCL and LDET. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The relatively higher density of spheroid phenotype in CrCL may reflect a distinctive native cellular population or a cellular transformation secondary to unique mechanical environment or hypoxia. This intrinsic cellular population may explain altered tissue properties prone to pathological rupture or poor healing potential of the canine CrCL.
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Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/citología , Perros/anatomía & histología , Rodilla de Cuadrúpedos/anatomía & histología , Tendones/citología , Animales , Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/veterinaria , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Fenotipo , Rotura/veterinaria , Rodilla de Cuadrúpedos/fisiología , TibiaAsunto(s)
Pierna , Extremidad Inferior , Humanos , Eritema/diagnóstico , Eritema/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) becomes more readily available and more frequently utilized in the assessment of canine carpal lameness, both normal variations and early pathologic conditions must be recognized to optimize patient care and provide accurate diagnosis. On cross sectional studies of the canine carpus, cyst-like lesions have been detected at the dorsolateral aspect of the intermedioradial carpal bone. The cross-sectional imaging and histologic properties of these lesions have not been described. The purpose of this observational study is to evaluate the MRI and histologic features of these cyst-like lesions in a cohort of clinically sound dogs. It was hypothesized that the lesions would show features similar to intraosseous ganglion cysts of the human wrist. Twenty-five cadaveric canine carpi were obtained and a total of 13 lesions were detected on MRI. Based on MRI, six carpi with lesions of varying size and one normal carpus were submitted for histological evaluation. Five of the abnormal carpi had nonarticular cyst-like lesions; one specimen with a positive magnetic resonance image for a cyst-like lesion had no cyst-like lesion on histology. Conspicuity of a medium-size lesion as evaluated on radiographs was poor. Given the presence of these nonarticular cyst-like lesions in a population of clinically sound patients, their clinical importance is uncertain. The development of these lesions may relate to altered mechanics or genetic predispositions, requiring additional study.
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Quistes Óseos/veterinaria , Huesos del Carpo/diagnóstico por imagen , Carpo Animal/diagnóstico por imagen , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/estadística & datos numéricos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Animales , Quistes Óseos/diagnóstico por imagen , Quistes Óseos/patología , Cadáver , Huesos del Carpo/patología , Carpo Animal/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Perros , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/instrumentación , MasculinoRESUMEN
The well-known pathogens of fasciolosis, Fasciola hepatica (Fh) and Fasciola Gigantica (Fg), possess abundant mature sperms in their seminal vesicles, and thus, they reproduce bisexually. On the other hand, aspermic Fasciola flukes reported from Asian countries, which have no sperm in their seminal vesicles, probably reproduce parthenogenetically. The aim of this study was to reveal the origin of aspermic Fasciola flukes. The nuclear single copy markers, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and DNA polymerase delta, were employed for analysis of Fasciola species from China. The hybrid origin of aspermic Fasciola flukes was strongly suggested by the presence of the Fh/Fg type, which includes DNA fragments of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica. China can be regarded as the cradle of the interspecific hybridization because F. hepatica and F. gigantica were detected in the northern and southern parts of China, respectively, and hybrids flukes were distributed between the habitats of the two species. The Chinese origin was supported by the fact that a larger number of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) haplotypes was detected in Chinese aspermic Fasciola populations than in aspermic populations from the neighbouring countries. Hereafter, 'aspermic' Fasciola flukes should be termed as 'hybrid' Fasciola flukes.
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ADN de Helmintos/genética , Fasciola/genética , Animales , China , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Haplotipos , Proteínas del Helminto/genética , Proteínas del Helminto/metabolismo , Masculino , Vesículas Seminales , Especificidad de la Especie , Espermatogénesis/genética , Espermatogénesis/fisiología , EspermatozoidesRESUMEN
We carried out phylogenetic analyses of the relationships between Dicrocoelium chinensis populations in Japan and China using molecular markers. One hundred nine lancet flukes collected from Japan and China were identified as D. chinensis based on their testis orientation and the nucleotide sequences of their ribosomal ITS2. These flukes were analyzed phylogenetically using mitochondrial nad1 gene sequences. An analysis of molecular variance found that the percentage of variation between the countries was extremely high, indicating that the D. chinensis populations in Japan and China are differentiated genetically. D. chinensis mainly parasitizes wild sika deer, which is thought to originate in northeast Asia and to have colonized into Japan from the Eurasia continent in the Pleistocene glaciations. In addition, phylogenic analyses indicated that Japanese sika deer is genetically differentiated from Chinese population; therefore, we hypothesize that D. chinensis might have been introduced into Japan along with the migration of infected wild ruminants in the Pleistocene, and then the population became differentiated from the Chinese population. This study provides the nucleotide sequences of the nad1 gene of D. chinensis in Japan for the first time and shows that these sequences are useful for elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of the Dicrocoelium species prevalent in Asia.
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Dicrocoelium/clasificación , Genes de Helminto , Genes Mitocondriales , NADH Deshidrogenasa/genética , Animales , Asia , China , Ciervos/parasitología , Dicrocoelium/enzimología , Dicrocoelium/genética , Japón , Tipificación Molecular , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We sought to evaluate the associations between frequency of daily laughter with heart disease and stroke among community-dwelling older Japanese women and men. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data in 20 934 individuals (10 206 men and 10 728 women) aged 65 years or older, who participated in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study in 2013. In the mail-in survey, participants provided information on daily frequency of laughter, as well as body mass index, demographic and lifestyle factors, and diagnoses of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and depression. RESULTS: Even after adjustment for hyperlipidemia, hypertension, depression, body mass index, and other risk factors, the prevalence of heart diseases among those who never or almost never laughed was 1.21 (95% CI, -1.03-1.41) times higher than those who reported laughing every day. The adjusted prevalence ratio for stroke was 1.60 (95% CI, 1.24-2.06). CONCLUSIONS: Daily frequency of laughter is associated with lower prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The association could not be explained by confounding factors, such as depressive symptoms.
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Cardiopatías/epidemiología , Risa , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Vida Independiente , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Prevalencia , RiesgoRESUMEN
Cysteine-based peroxidases, known as peroxiredoxins (Prx) or thioredoxin peroxidases (TPx), are important antioxidant enzymes that prevent oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we identified a novel mitochondrial 2-Cys Prx, BbTPx-2, from a bovine Babesia parasite, B. bovis. BbTPx-2 complementary DNA (cDNA) encodes a polypeptide of 254 amino acid residues. This protein has a mitochondrial targeting peptide at the N-terminus and two conserved cysteine residues of the typical 2-Cys Prx. By using a thiol mixed-function oxidation assay, the antioxidant activity of recombinant BbTPx-2 was revealed, and its antioxidant activity was comparable to that of a cytosolic 2-Cys Prx from B. bovis, BbTPx-1. Notably, we confirmed that BbTPx-2 was expressed in the mitochondrion of B. bovis merozoites. Taken together, the results suggest that the mitochondrial BbTPx-2 is an antioxidative enzyme for scavenging ROS in B. bovis.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Babesia bovis/enzimología , Mitocondrias/enzimología , Peroxirredoxinas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Babesia bovis/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Bovinos , Cisteína/química , ADN Complementario/genética , Mitocondrias/genética , Oxidación-Reducción , Peroxirredoxinas/genética , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Alineación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To use micro-computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the fissure-fracture pattern in dogs affected by medial coronoid disease (MCD). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case-controlled study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Client owned (n = 21) and cadaver dogs (n = 5). METHODS: Segments were excised by subtotal coronoid ostectomy from dogs with MCD. Two categories were identified: fissured (Fi) or fractured (F). Three subcategories were contingent on fissure-fracture orientation: tip (T), radial incisure (RI), and radial incisure encroaching tip (RIT). Control segments were from nondiseased cadavers. High-resolution micro-CT (3 dimensional and 2 dimensional) was performed on all segments. Measurements included mean bone mineral density, trabecular number and thickness, and the angle of the fissure-fracture relative to the predominant trabecular orientation. RESULTS: A total of 28 diseased segments from 21 dogs (mean age 23.3 months, mean bodyweight 31.5 kg) were analyzed and categorized according to fissure-fragment location as Fi-T (n = 2), Fi-RIT (n = 2), Fi-RI (n = 3), F-T (n = 5), F-RIT (n = 9), F-RI (n = 7). The 3D analysis revealed subchondral micro-fracturing occurred in association with fragmentation. Canalicular impaction was associated with increase in trabecular number and decrease in trabecular space, most notably in RI categories. The 2D analysis showed that predominant trabecular orientation in control segments was significantly different to RI but not to T. The mean (SD) angle difference between the orientation of fissure-fracture and the predominant trabecular pattern was 6.9 (6.9)° for RI and 44.6 (49.6) ° for T. CONCLUSION: T and RI fissure-fracture patterns show morphologic differences and likely arise from different supraphysiologic loading. Medial compartment disease is not homogenous and pattern recognition may assist further investigation of etiopathogenesis.
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Enfermedades del Desarrollo Óseo/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas del Cúbito/veterinaria , Animales , Densidad Ósea , Enfermedades del Desarrollo Óseo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cadáver , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Linaje , Estudios Prospectivos , Fracturas del Cúbito/diagnóstico por imagen , Microtomografía por Rayos X/veterinariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the stiffness, angular deformation, and mode of failure of lumbar vertebral column constructs stabilized with bilateral pins and polymethylmethacrylate (Pin-PMMA) or with a unilateral (left) locking compression plate (LCP) with monocortical screws. STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo biomechanical, non-randomized. SAMPLES: Cadaveric canine thoracolumbar specimens (n=16). METHODS: Thoracolumbar (T13-L3) vertebral specimens had the L1-L2 vertebral motion unit stabilized with either Pin-PMMA or LCP. Stiffness in flexion, extension, and right and left lateral bending after nondestructive testing were compared between intact (pretreated) specimens and Pin-PMMA, and LCP constructs. The Pin-PMMA and LCP constructs were then tested to failure in flexion and left lateral bending. RESULTS: Both the Pin-PMMA and LCP constructs had reduced range of motion at the stabilized L1-L2 vertebral motion unit compared to intact specimens. The Pin-PMMA constructs had less range of motion for the flexion elastic zone than LCP constructs. The Pin-PMMA constructs were stiffer than intact specimens in flexion, extension, and lateral bending, and stiffer than LCP constructs in flexion and left lateral bending. The Pin-PMMA constructs had less angular deformation at construct yield and lower residual deformation at L1-L2 than LCP constructs after destructive testing to failure in flexion. The Pin-PMMA constructs were stiffer, stronger, and had less deformation at yield than LCP constructs after destructive testing to failure in lateral bending. Most constructs failed distant to the implant and fixation site. CONCLUSIONS: Pin-PMMA constructs had greater lumbar vertebral stiffness and reduced ROM than LCP constructs; however, both Pin-PMMA and LCP constructs were stronger than intact specimens.
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Clavos Ortopédicos/veterinaria , Placas Óseas/veterinaria , Perros/lesiones , Vértebras Lumbares/lesiones , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/veterinaria , Animales , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Perros/cirugía , Vértebras Lumbares/cirugía , Polimetil Metacrilato , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/cirugíaRESUMEN
A 5-year-old, spayed female Weimaraner dog was evaluated for progressive left forelimb lameness localized to the carpus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to arrive at a presumptive diagnosis of intermedioradial carpal (IRC) bone fracture with avascular necrosis (AVN). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of naturally occurring AVN of the canine IRC diagnosed using MRI.
Diagnostic non invasif, à l'aide d'imagerie par résonnance magnétique, d'une nécrose avasculaire présumée de l'os intermédioradial du carpe chez le chien. Une chienne Weimaraner stérilisée âgée de 5 ans a été évaluée pour une boiterie progressive de la patte avant gauche située au carpe. L'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) a été utilisée pour parvenir à un diagnostic présomptif d'une fracture de l'os intermédioradial du carpe (IRC) avec nécrose avasculaire. À la connaissance des auteurs, il s'agit du premier rapport d'une nécrose avasculaire naturelle l'IRC canin diagnostiquée à l'aide de l'IRM.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).
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Huesos del Carpo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Cojera Animal/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Osteonecrosis/veterinaria , Animales , Huesos del Carpo/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Óseas/veterinaria , Cojera Animal/patología , Osteonecrosis/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of laughter with subjective health independent of socioeconomic status and social participation among older people in Japan. We used the data of 26,368 individuals (men, 12,174; women, 14,194) 65 years or older who participated in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) in 2013. Participants provided information on laughter and self-rated health, depression, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors. We evaluated laughter from three perspectives: frequency, opportunities, and interpersonal interactions. Even after adjustment for depression, sociodemographic factors, and social participation, the prevalence ratio for poor subjective health among women who never or almost never laugh was 1.78 (95% confidence interval, 1.48-2.15) compared with those who reported laughing every day. Similar associations were observed among men. Laughter may be an important factor for the promotion of general and mental health of older adults. The mechanisms linking laughter and health warrant further study.
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There is always controversy regarding identification of different species in the genus Eurytrema. Identification has been based mainly on morphology, which can be misleading and subject to differing interpretation among the scientists. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify Eurytrema flukes both by morphology and molecular properties on the basis of 18-subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene as well as internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) to clarify their phylogenetic status. Among six different agroecological areas of Bangladesh, 22 Eurytrema flukes were recovered from the bile ducts of 22 cattle in Bandarban, a hill district. The flukes were identified as Eurytrema cladorchis through morphometric and morphological studies. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted by neighbor-joining phylogram inferred from both 18S rRNA (1784 bp) gene and ITS2 (229 bp) sequences. A monophyletic clade was constructed by the E. cladorchis from Bangladesh; however, the clade was distinct from those formed by Eurytrema pancreaticum and Eurytrema coelomaticum. This study first described the existence of E. cladorchis from Bangladesh and may provide useful information for both morphological and molecular properties that may further help to clarify phylogenetic relationships within the genus Eurytrema and also for other digeneans.
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Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Dicrocoeliidae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Bangladesh/epidemiología , Secuencia de Bases , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Dicrocoeliidae/clasificación , Dicrocoeliidae/citología , Dicrocoeliidae/genética , Femenino , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitologíaRESUMEN
First-principles calculations were carried out to elucidate the excellent control of p-n characteristics recently reported for yttrium aluminoborides YxAlyB14 [Formula: see text] with different occupancies of Al sites [Formula: see text]. Such control of the occupancy of metal sites in borides is unusual. Calculations based on detailed x-ray diffraction data reveal a stable configuration of the atomic sites, indicating that such variation in occupancy is possible. A shift from positive through zero to negative values of the Seebeck coefficient is also clearly illustrated by determining the density of states for different configurations.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate frequency, severity, and location of patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. ANIMALS: Dogs (n = 40; stifles, 44). METHODS: Stifle arthroscopic video recordings and radiographs were performed. Cartilage pathology was scored at 3 locations (proximal, middle, distal) in the trochlear groove and patella. A radiographic osteoarthrosis and synovial pathology score were assigned. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine if lesion severity varied by site, synovitis, and osteoarthrosis, and the Dunn's test was used for pairwise comparisons. The variability of body weight was evaluated using 1 way ANOVA; P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Cartilage pathology and synovitis was identified in all PF joints. The proximal aspect of the trochlear groove had significantly higher cartilage scores than the middle and distal sites and the middle groove site was significantly higher than the distal site. The distal aspect of the patella had significantly greater scores than the middle and proximal patellar locations. Higher synovitis scores were associated with increased cartilage scores. Cartilage scores were significantly greater in stifles with higher radiographic osteophytosis, tibial sclerosis, and patellar enthesiophytosis scores. Higher body weights were significantly associated with greater synovial and radiographic scores. CONCLUSIONS: Dogs with CCL disease have a high incidence of PF cartilage pathology and the severity of cartilage lesions varies depending on location within the joint.