Prediction of the superimposed laser shot number for copper using a deep convolutional neural network.

Image-based deep learning (IBDL) is an advanced technique for predicting the surface irradiation conditions of laser surface processing technology. In pulsed-laser surface processing techniques, the number of superimposed laser shots is one of the fundamental and essential parameters that should be optimized for each material. Our primary research aims to build an adequate dataset using laser-irradiated surface images and to successfully predict the number of superimposed shots using the pre-trained deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models. First, the laser shot experiments were performed on copper targets using a nanosecond YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm. Then, the training data were obtained with the different superimposed shots of 1 to 1024 in powers of 2. After that, we used several pre-trained deep CNN models to predict the number of superimposed laser shots. Based on the dataset with 1936 images, VGG16 shows a high validation accuracy, higher sensitivity, and more than 99% precision than other deep CNN models. Utilizing the VGG16 model with high sensitivity could positively impact the industries' time, efficiency, and overall production.

Liquid Structure of Tantalum under Internal Negative Pressure.

In situ femtosecond x-ray diffraction measurements and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the liquid structure of tantalum shock released from several hundred gigapascals (GPa) on the nanosecond timescale. The results show that the internal negative pressure applied to the liquid tantalum reached -5.6 (0.8) GPa, suggesting the existence of a liquid-gas mixing state due to cavitation. This is the first direct evidence to prove the classical nucleation theory which predicts that liquids with high surface tension can support GPa regime tensile stress.

Development of an experimental platform for the investigation of laser-plasma interaction in conditions relevant to shock ignition regime.

The shock ignition (SI) approach to inertial confinement fusion is a promising scheme for achieving energy production by nuclear fusion. SI relies on using a high intensity laser pulse (≈1016 W/cm2, with a duration of several hundred ps) at the end of the fuel compression stage. However, during laser-plasma interaction (LPI), several parametric instabilities, such as stimulated Raman scattering and two plasmon decay, nonlinearly generate hot electrons (HEs). The whole behavior of HE under SI conditions, including their generation, transport, and final absorption, is still unclear and needs further experimental investigation. This paper focuses on the development of an experimental platform for SI-related experiments, which simultaneously makes use of multiple diagnostics to characterize LPI and HE generation, transport, and energy deposition. Such diagnostics include optical spectrometers, streaked optical shadowgraph, an x-ray pinhole camera, a two-dimensional x-ray imager, a Cu Kα line spectrometer, two hot-electron spectrometers, a hard x-ray (bremsstrahlung) detector, and a streaked optical pyrometer. Diagnostics successfully operated simultaneously in single-shot mode, revealing the features of HEs under SI-relevant conditions.

Selection of peptides that bind to the core oligosaccharide of R-form LPS from a phage-displayed heptapeptide library.

To characterize common sites within the core oligosaccharide of the R-form lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we screened peptides from a phage-displayed heptapeptide library by using the most truncated form of R-LPS, Re-LPS (S. Typhimurium SL1165) as a ligand. After three rounds of biopanning/amplification and subsequent screening by phagemid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we selected three distinct clones that bind to the ligand LPS. We characterized the binding sites of the three clones by ELISA and thin-layer chromatography immunostaining and found that the three clones bind the two Re-LPSs (SL1165 and S. Minnesota Re595) and Rb2-LPS. In addition, one of the clones also bound to S-form LPS (S. Enteritidis). Current data show that those clones bind to common carbohydrate structure(s) expressed in the core oligosaccharides of those LPS samples.

Intracranial Castleman's disease of solitary form. Case report.

This 62-year-old woman presented with clumsiness in her right hand. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a small lesion mimicking a meningioma, which had arisen from the tentorium and contained notable edema. Full recovery was achieved by total removal of the lesion, which was diagnosed as a lymphoid mass resembling giant lymph node hyperplasia on histological examination. The lack of notable findings on whole-body and laboratory studies was compatible with a rare case of intracranial Castleman's disease of solitary form. The authors document clinical, neuroradiological, and pathological features of this rare disease.

Use of spiral computerized tomography angiography in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage in whom subtraction angiography did not reveal cerebral aneurysms.

OBJECT: Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in whom angiography does not demonstrate diagnostic findings sometimes suffer recurrent disease and actually harbor undetected cerebral aneurysms. The management strategy for such cases remains controversial, but technological advances in spiral computerized tomography (CT) angiography are changing the picture. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine how spiral CT angiography can contribute to the detection of cerebral aneurysms that cannot be visualized on angiography. METHODS: In 134 consecutive patients with SAH, a prospective search for the source of bleeding was performed using digital subtraction (DS) and spiral CT angiography. In 21 patients in whom initial DS angiography yielded no diagnostic findings, spiral CT angiography was performed within 3 days. Patients in whom CT angiography provided no diagnostic results underwent second and third DS angiography sessions after approximately 2 weeks and 6 months, respectively. Six patients with perimesencephalic SAH were included in the 21 cases. Six of the other 15 patients had small cerebral aneurysms detectable by spiral CT angiography, five involving the anterior communicating artery and one the middle cerebral artery. Two patients in whom initial angiograms did not demonstrate diagnostic findings proved to have a ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery; in one case this was revealed at autopsy and in the other during the second DS angiography session. A third DS angiography session revealed no diagnostic results in 13 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Spiral CT angiography was useful in the detection of cerebral aneurysms in patients with SAH in whom angiography revealed no diagnostic findings. Anterior communicating artery aneurysms are generally well hidden in these types of SAH cases. A repeated angiography session was warranted in patients with nonperimesencephalic SAH and in whom initial angiography revealed no diagnostic findings, although a third session was thought to be superfluous.

Surgical management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with intraoperative digital subtraction angiography.

Complete excision of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is requisite to improving the outcome of patients with AVMs. Five patients with a small or medium cerebral AVM underwent surgery with an intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) unit. There were no residual AVMs and no complications in the examination of intraoperative DSA. The findings of postoperative angiography were consistent with those of intraoperative DSA. Intraoperative DSA provided the benefits of not only identification of a feeding artery, but also recognition of the complete excision during surgery.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula with perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage.

A case is reported of a 66 year old woman presenting with perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) which was caused by a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula at the C1 level. The fistula drained into the venous system of the posterior cranial fossa through a perimedullary vein. The bleeding was thought to result from venous hypertension induced by the fistula. This case may support the hypothesis that perimesencephalic non-aneurysmal SAH can be ascribed to venous bleeding and that venous hypertension is the key to its pathology.

Giant aneurysm of the azygos anterior cerebral artery--case report.

A 77-year-old female presented with a giant aneurysm of the azygos anterior cerebral artery (ACA) manifesting as acute onset of akinetic mutism caused by enlargement of the aneurysm resulting from rapid thrombus formation within the aneurysmal sac. Thrombus removal to obtain decompression of the aneurysmal bulk and tension was performed before parent artery occlusion to prevent thromboembolic events. The aneurysmal neck was completely clipped with preservation of the parent artery and all branches. This strategy for direct neck clipping of a giant thrombosed distal ACA aneurysm can reduce the possibility of ischemic sequelae.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage from intracranial dissecting aneurysms of the anterior circulation. Two case reports.

Two rare cases of intracranial dissecting aneurysms of the anterior circulation associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are described. A 56-year-old female presented with a dissecting aneurysm in the proximal segment of the left middle cerebral artery. Proximal occlusion of the affected artery and a superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis were performed, but the outcome was poor. A 61-year-old male presented with a dissecting aneurysm in the proximal segment of the left anterior cerebral artery. Clipping was enhanced by a piece of fascia lata, allowing patency of the affected artery with a satisfactory outcome. Dissecting aneurysm of the carotid system should be considered in a patient with SAH but no evidence of berry aneurysm.

[Effects of levocarnitine chloride, a new mitochondrial function reactivating agent, on fatty acid and glucose oxidation under hypoxic condition in homogenates from rat heart].

The effects of levocarnitine chloride [LC-80, (-)-(R)-(3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride] on the oxidation of [U-14C]palmitate, [U-14C]glucose and [2-3H]glucose under hypoxic conditions in homogenates from the rat heart were investigated. LC-80 at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mM caused significant and concentration-dependent increases in the depressed 14CO2 production from [U-14C]palmitate or [U-14C]-glucose oxidation under hypoxia up to 50 min after the addition of LC-80. In contrast, a marked increase in 3H2O production from [2-3H]glucose oxidation under hypoxia was observed, and LC-80 at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mM caused further significant and concentration-dependent enhancement of 3H2O production up to 50 min after the addition of LC-80. Moreover, LC-80 at a concentrations of 1.0 mM significantly restored the marked depression of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity and mitochondrial respiratory function under hypoxia. These results suggested that LC-80 has an improving effect on myocardial metabolism under ischemia by enhancing fatty acid and glucose metabolisms.

Sound velocity measurements by x-ray shadowgraph technique for melting phenomena at ultrahigh-pressure regime.

Developments in measuring sound velocity of matter under ultrahigh pressure are described. We employed a time-resolved x-ray shadowgraph technique to measure the sound velocity of shock-compressed diamond and iron foils at around melt. The sound velocity significantly dropped at melting, a behavior that has been difficult to clarify by conventional measurements by subtracting particle velocity from shock velocity (u(s) - u(p)). In addition to sound velocity, other important parameters were also obtained simultaneously.

Down-scattered neutron imaging detector for areal density measurement of inertial confinement fusion.

A custom developed (6)Li glass scintillator (APLF80+3Pr) for down-scattered neutron diagnostics in inertial confinement fusion experiments is presented. (6)Li provides an enhanced sensitivity for down-scattered neutrons in DD fusion and its experimentally observed 5-6 ns response time fulfills the requirement for down-scattered neutron detectors. A time-of-flight detector operating in the current mode using the APLF80+3Pr was designed and its feasibility observing down-scattered neutrons was demonstrated. Furthermore, a prototype design for a down-scattered neutron imaging detector was also demonstrated. This material promises viability as a future down-scattered neutron detector for the National Ignition Facility.

[Interaction of dl-mandelamidine (Olimidine) with some antihypertensive drugs expressed in the blood pressure of conscious rats].

Hypotensive effect of dl-Mandelamidine (Olmidine, MA) in combination with some established antihypertensive drugs was studied in conscious normotensive rats. The mean blood pressure and heart rate were measured by means of a pressure transducer via a polyethylene tube inserted into the abdominal aorta of rat according to the method described by Weeks. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The hypotensive effects of guanethidine and hydrochlorothiazide were enhanced in combination with MA. 2) The hypotensive effect of reserpine was reduced by MA. 3) The hypotensive effects of clonidine, C6, propranolol and hydralazine were uneffected by MA. On the other hand, changes in heart rate induced by reserpine and C6 were increased by MA, however, those induced by guanethidine, clonidine propranolol and hydralazine were decreased by MA. The slight decrease in heart rate induced by hydrochlorothiazide was uneffected by MA. In view of our data, it is considered important that investigation of the interaction of antihypertensive drugs be done using conscious animals, as these drugs will be clinically prescribed.

[Pharmacological analysis on the mode of action of mandelamidine, a long-acting hypotensive agent (1). Comparison with guanethidine].

MA produced a temporary and long lasting hypotension in anesthetized animals. MA like guanethindine caused relaxation of the nictitating membrane in unanesthetized cats and inhibited the contraction of the nictitating membrane elicited by electrical stimulation at various frequencies of preganglionic cervical sympathetic nerve in anesthetized cats. The mode of neuron blocking action of MA differed from guanethidine on the contraction of the nictitating membrane elicited by stimulation at high frequencies. Neuron blocking action of MA was also shown on rat inferior eyelid, dog carotid occlusion, rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig vas deferens. Moreover that of MA like guanethidine on the cat nictitating membrane was reversed by a following administration of methamphetamine. MA slightly potentiated the effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine and reduced the effects of tyramine on the responses of the cat nictitating membrane and blood pressure, but did not potentiate the effects of norepinephrine on the guinea-pig vas deferens and rabbit pulmonary artery. MA produced a contraction of the cat nictitating membrane and this contraction was inhibited by pretreatment with reserpine or phentolamine. However, MA did not produce a rise in blood pressure in spinal cats nor did it reduce the contractile force and heart rate in guinea-pig atria. These findings suggest that sympathomimetic action and uptake inhibition of the catecholamine of MA was weaker than that of guanethidine.