RESUMEN
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising and spatiotemporally controllable cancer treatment modality. However, serious skin photosensitization during the PDT process limits the clinical application of PDT. Thus, the construction of "smart" and multifunctional photosensitizers has attracted substantial interest. Herein, we develop a mitochondria-targeting and pH-switched hybrid supramolecular photosensitizer by the host-guest interaction. The PDT efficacy of supramolecular photosensitizers can be quenched by the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect during long circulation and activated by the dissociation of supramolecular photosensitizers in an acidic tumor microenvironment, benefitting from the dynamic feature of the host-guest interaction and pH responsiveness of the water-soluble pillar[5]arene on gold nanoparticles. The rational integration of mitochondria-targeting and reductive glutathione (GSH) elimination in the hybrid switchable supramolecular photosensitizer prolongs the lifetime of reactive oxygen species generated in the PDT near mitochondria and further amplifies the PDT efficacy. Thus, the facile and versatile construction of switchable supramolecular photosensitizer offers not only the targeted and precise phototherapy but also high therapeutic efficacy, which would provide a new path for the clinic application of PDT.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Calixarenos/farmacología , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Calixarenos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Transferencia Resonante de Energía de Fluorescencia , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Sustancias Macromoleculares/química , Sustancias Macromoleculares/farmacología , Ratones , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Tamaño de la Partícula , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxicant commonly present in many food products. Conventionally, immuno-affinity analysis is applied to rapidly screen the presence of OTA in food. However, antibodies are expensive. In this study, we present a new approach for selectively enriching OTA from aqueous samples using human serum albumin (HSA) bound magnetic beads as the affinity probes, followed by the analysis of CE/ESI-MS. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of using the affinity probes to concentrate OTA, we also propose a rapid concentration and elution method for extraction, that is, OTA are extracted from aqueous samples by pipetting the samples in and out of a sample vial for 1 min followed by elution with pipetting for another minute. On the basis of the magnetic property, the affinity magnetic probe-target species could be rapidly isolated from the solution during the process of extraction and elution by magnetic separation. CE/ESI-MS, coupled by the electrodeless/sheathless interface, is used for the analysis of the samples. As this method features speed and cost-effectiveness, it is suitable for the purpose of rapid screening. In fact, the lowest detection limit for OTA is approximately 4 x 10(-3) mg/L.
Asunto(s)
Electroforesis Capilar/instrumentación , Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , Contaminación de Alimentos , Ocratoxinas/análisis , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/instrumentación , Vino/análisis , Albúminas/química , Cromatografía de Afinidad/métodos , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos , Electroforesis Capilar/métodos , Humanos , Magnetismo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Integración de SistemasRESUMEN
Mesoporous titania nanoparticles (MTNs) with excellent biocompatibility (LC(50)≈ 400 µg mL(-1)) and a large surface area (ca. 237.3 m(2) g(-1)) were synthesized and further functionalized with a phosphate-containing fluorescent molecule (i.e. flavin mononucleotide; FMN) and loaded with an anticancer drug (i.e. Doxorubicin) for successful intracellular bioimaging and drug delivery, respectively, in human breast cancer cells BT-20.
Asunto(s)
Línea Celular Tumoral/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Mononucleótido de Flavina/química , Nanopartículas/química , Titanio/química , Portadores de Fármacos/síntesis química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Modelos Biológicos , PorosidadRESUMEN
Several metal ion-histidine complex functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthesized and utilized as efficient catalysts for enhanced and light-free tooth bleaching. Fe(II), Mn(II), and Cu(II) ions were successfully immobilized in histidine-functionalized MSN and their catalytic abilities against discoloration of a dye (Orange II) in both test tubes and extracted tooth models were compared and discussed. Through direct observation of test tubes and calculation of mean color changes of extracted teeth we concluded that Fe(II)-his-MSN exhibited better catalytic competence than Mn(II)-his-MSN and Cu(II)-his-MSN because of its intrinsic redox ability. In test tubes Orange II was completely degraded within 6 h when Fe(II)-his-MSN was used as the catalyst. For the extracted tooth model the presence of Fe(II)- or Mn(II)-his-MSN significantly enhanced the efficacy of tooth bleaching for three regions, the enamel, outer dentin, and inner dentin, of stained teeth compared with H(2)O(2) alone. Furthermore, unlike current tooth bleaching techniques that need an LED or laser to catalyze H(2)O(2) bleaching, we demonstrated a light-free tooth bleaching system using Fe(II)-his-MSN as an efficient and reliable catalyst.