Bibliometric Analysis of Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke (2001-2022): Trends, Hotspots and Prospects.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular accident with a high risk of neurological deficits. Stem cell therapy has progressively attracted the interest of scientists and clinicians due to the benefits of promoting neural regeneration and regulating the microenvironment surrounding the lesion after ischemic stroke. Our study aimed to evaluate the development trends and research hotspots in the field of stem cells and ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: Publications related to stem cells and ischemic stroke were retrieved from the Web of Science from 2001 to 2022. Data analysis and mapping were performed using VOSviewer, Citespace and ImageGP. Results: In total, 1932 papers were included in the analysis. Publications have steadily increased over the past 22 years. China has contributed the maximum number of publications, whereas the USA ranked first in the total number of citations and was considered the center of the international collaboration network. University of South Florida, Henry Ford Hospital, and Oakland University were the most influential institutions. Stroke, Brain Research, and Neural Regeneration Research were the most productive journals. The research in this field was primarily focused on the effects of stem cells on neurogenesis, inflammation, and angiogenesis following ischemic stroke, as well as their therapeutic potential for the disease. In addition, neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells are the most commonly utilized stem cells. The topics related to miRNA, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, neuroinflammation, and autophagy are current research hotspots. Conclusion: Our bibliometric study provides a novel perspective on the research trends in the field of stem cells and ischemic stroke. The outcome of this study may benefit scientists to identify research hotspots and development directions, thereby advancing the application of stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke.

Tirofiban for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Receiving Intravenous Thrombolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Tirofiban has been used as a rescue when thrombectomy is not successful in endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but the use of tirofiban after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tirofiban combined with IVT in AIS compared with not receiving tirofiban. METHODS: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for all relevant studies published up to August 31, 2021. The safety endpoints included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and mortality. The efficacy endpoint was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at the 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Seven articles (1,036 patients) were included. Of these, 444 patients received tirofiban, and 592 patients did not. Meta-analysis showed that tirofiban did not increase the risk of sICH (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.50-1.93; p = 0.96), any ICH (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.63-1.39; p = 0.75) or mortality (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.39-1.15; p = 0.15) and tended to be associated with a favorable functional outcome (OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.99-1.78; p = 0.06) in patients with AIS. Subgroup analysis showed that bridging therapy combined with tirofiban could reduce mortality (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.23-0.98; p = 0.04). Tirofiban significantly improved the favorable functional outcome in patients with IVT only (non-EVT) (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.30-3.02; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Intravenous tirofiban could be safe for patients with AIS undergoing IVT, regardless of receiving EVT. Intravenous tirofiban may reduce mortality rates for patients undergoing bridging therapy. It also could increase the likelihood of a favorable functional outcome, especially for patients receiving IVT only.

Combined effects of high-fat diet and polystyrene microplastic exposure on microplastic bioaccumulation and lipid metabolism in zebrafish.

Extensive use of microplastics (MPs) threatens the safety of aquatic environments and hydrobionts. Increasing the weight of economic fish through high-fat diet (HFD) to increase production is common in aquaculture. However, little is known about the combined effects of MPs and HFD in fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between adiposity and MP bioaccumulation in fish. Using zebrafish as a vertebrate model, the content of polystyrene (PS) MPs in zebrafish tissues exposed to 5 and 50 µm of 1000 µg/L PS MPs was detected via confocal Raman spectroscopy in normal diet (ND) and HFD. The content of PS MPs in HFD group was significantly higher than that in ND group. The levels of hepatic lipids were significantly elevated in zebrafish subjected to HFD treatment, and this effect was aggravated by exposure to 5 µm PS MPs, and even caused liver injury. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that exposure to PS MPs interferes with hepatic lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in zebrafish. These results suggests that in addition to controlling the use and performing proper recycling of plastic products in our daily life, we should not blindly increase the weight of fish through HFD. This aids protect the quality of economic fish and prevent MPs from being consumed by humans through the food chain. This study explored the interaction between fish feed culture and environmental pollutants to provide important reference for fish culture.

Long-term exposure to microplastics induces intestinal function dysbiosis in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus).

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the natural environment, especially in waters, and their potential impact is also a key issue of concern. In this study, we used 1 µm, 1000 µg/L, polystyrene (PS-MPs) particles to analyze the effects after exposure for 14 and 28 days in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Results indicated that PS-MPs induce structural alterations in the intestinal tissue, including epithelial damage, villi damage and the inflammatory cell infiltration, while the changes were severer after exposure for 28 days. Polystyrene microplastics also significantly increased the activities of catalase (CAT, increased 142 % and 385 % in 14d and 28d), superoxide dismutase (SOD, increased 17.76 % and 23.43 % in the 14d and 28d) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA, increased 14.5 % and 442 % in the 14d and 28d), glutathione (GSH, increased 146 % and 298 % in the 14d and 28d). The results not only showed the characterization of gut microbial communities in rare minnow, but also indicated that microbial diversity and composition were altered in gut of fish exposed to PS-MPs. In the control groups, Proteobacteria (31.36-54.54 %), Actinobacteriota (39.99-52.54 %), Fusobacteriota (1.43-1.78 %), Bacteriadota (0.31-0.57 %) were the four dominant bacterial phyla in the intestinal of rare minnow. After exposure to microplastics, In the gut microbiota, the proportion of Proteobacteria increased 9.27 % and 30 % with exposure time, while Actinobacteria decreased 37.89 % and significantly different after 28 days. In addition, metabolomic analysis suggested that exposure to PS-MPs induced alterations of metabolic profiles in rare minnow and differential metabolites were involved in energy metabolism, inflammatory responsible secretion, oxidative stress, nucleotide and its metabolomics. In conclusion, our findings suggest that long-term exposure to microplastics could induce intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorder in rare minnow, and the alterations and severity were exacerbated by prolonged exposure. This study has extended our cognition of the toxicity of polystyrene, and enriched theoretical data for exploring the toxicological mechanism of microplastics.

Microplastics (Polystyrene) Exposure Induces Metabolic Changes in the Liver of Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus).

Microplastics are environmental contaminants and an emergent concern. Microplastics are abundant in freshwater and can cause biochemical stress in freshwater organisms. In the current study, rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 1µm polystyrene microplastics at 200 µg/L concentration. We observed various sublethal effects after four weeks of exposure but no mortality. Numerous cellular and tissue alterations were observed in the liver. Differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes between control and exposure groups were identified and mapped to pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed significantly varied metabolic pathways between the two groups. These pathways were involved in glucolipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism. Results demonstrated that MP exposure induced immune reaction, oxidative stress, and disturbed glycolipid and energy metabolism. The current study provided novel insights into the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of microplastic ecotoxicology in rare minnow.

Spatial analysis of the impact of UVGI technology in occupied rooms using ray-tracing simulation.

The use of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) devices in the upper zones of occupied buildings has gained increased attention as one of the most effective mitigation technologies for the transmission of COVID-19. To ensure safe and effective use of upper-room UVGI, it is necessary to devise a simulation technique that enables engineers, designers, and users to explore the impact of different design and operational parameters. We have developed a simulation technique for calculating UV-C fluence rate within the volume of the upper zone and planar irradiance in the lower occupied zone. Our method is based on established ray-tracing light simulation methods adapted to the UV-C wavelength range. We have included a case study of a typical hospital patient room. In it, we explored the impact of several design parameters: ceiling height, device location, room configuration, proportions, and surface materials. We present a spatially mapped parametric study of the UV-C irradiance distribution in three dimensions. We found that the ceiling height and mounting height of the UVGI fixtures combined can cause the largest variation (up to 22%) in upper zone fluence rate. One of the most important findings of this study is that it is crucial to consider interreflections in the room. This is because surface reflectance is the design parameter with the largest impact on the occupant exposure in the lower zone: Applying materials with high reflectance ratio in the upper portion of the room has the highest negative impact (over 700% variation) on increasing hot spots that may receive over 6 mJ/cm2 UV dose in the lower occupied zone.

Susceptibility and immune responses after challenge with Flavobacterium columnare and Pseudomonas fluorescens in conventional and specific pathogen-free rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus).

The susceptibility of fish from different culture environments to bacterial infection is not well known. The susceptibility and pathological changes of conventional (CV) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) infected with two gram-negative bacteria, Flavobacterium columnare and Pseudomonas fluorescens are investigated. Rare minnows were intraperitoneally challenged with two bacterial species to first determine semi-lethal doses (LD50), and then with the LD50 dose, determine innate immune response. Infected rare minnows developed characteristic red bellies and then died. LD50 doses of F. columnare and P. fluorescens were 4.586 × 108 cfu/mL and 2.319 × 1010 cfu/mL for CV rare minnow, and 2.575 × 108 cfu/mL and 1.935 × 1010 cfu/mL, respectively, for SPF rare minnow. The results of RT-PCR showed that the highest levels of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-2 (IFN-2) and rare minnow Z-DNA binding protein kinase (GrPKZ) mRNA were noticed at 6-48 h post-infection (hpi). In addition, TLR3, IL-6 and IFN-2 in F. columnare challenged rare minnow were more highly expressed than those in P. fluorescens challenged rare minnow, whereas as opposed in the expression of GrPKZ mRNA. Stimulation of innate immune responses is closely related to bacterial virulence. SPF rare minnow might be more susceptible to these bacteria than CV rare minnow, possibly due to their clean environment and lack of resistance. We speculate that clean environment renders rare minnow more susceptible to bacterial infections.

In Situ Assessment of Donghu Lake China Using Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus).

In this work, rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) was applied as a sentinel organism and set in cages at control and test sampling sites in Donghu Lake for 4 weeks in March, June, September, and December 2016 to assess the biological toxicity of in situ water. Sampling for active biomonitoring and physicochemical variables was performed weekly. The control was obtained from the outdoor pool of the Institute of Hydrobiology, China. Superoxide dismutase, lipoperoxidation, metallothioneins, acetylcholinesterase activity, and Vtg mRNA expression were determined as biomarkers during the field exposure period. Survival and growth also were monitored to evaluate the overall physiological condition of the fish. The seasonal changes of organic pollutants and trace metals (As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in surface water were determined. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was applied to summarize biomarker responses and correlate stress levels with concentrations of organic pollutants and trace metals in the surface water. Results indicated that complex pollution by persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals was present in Donghu Lake and that the in situ exposed organisms were stressed. Moreover, the complex pollution of Donghu Lake in summer and autumn was more serious than that in spring and winter. Active biomonitoring combined with IBR analysis enabled good discrimination among different exposure seasons. The proposed protocol with caged rare minnow revealed marked biological effects caused by the investigated Lake and a useful approach that can easily be extended to monitor water pollution.

Association between bone mineral density and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The association between bone mineral density (BMD) and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has been investigated by multiple studies, but the conclusions are controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate whether the bone mineral density is associated with BPPV. METHODS: The relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Web of Science database up to June 2018. Statas14.0 software was used for meta-analysis. We used the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients with BPPV and controls (free of BPPV disease). The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the T score in BPPV patients and controls. This meta-analysis has been registered at International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (number CRD42018082271). RESULTS: A total of 11 studies were eligible for meta-analysis, including 1982 subjects. When compared with the controls, the total incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was significantly higher in BPPV patients (OR 3.27, 95% CI 2.66-4.03, p < 0.0001). Further analysis was conducted by separate discussion about the incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in BPPV patients, the result of which shows that both the incidence of osteoporosis (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.86-6.51, p < 0.0001) and the incidence of osteopenia (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.01-3.04, p < 0.0001) were higher in BPPV patients than that in controls. There was an significant reduction in T scores of BPPV patients (SMD - 0.82, 95% CI -1.18 to - 0.46, p < 0.0001). Publication bias for each analysis was evaluated by Egger's test and Begg's indicating that no publication bias existed. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for each analysis demonstrating that the results were robust. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis provided stronger evidence that patients with BPPV were associated with a lower T score and a higher risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia. The results demonstrated that lower bone mineral density may be a risk factor for BPPV. However, large-scare, multicenter clinical studies need to be carried out to explore the precise risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients with BPPV in future.

REM sleep behavior disorder was associated with Parkinson's disease: a community-based study.

BACKGROUND: Our study was aimed to validate a modified RBD (REM sleep behavior disorder) single question (RBD1Q-C), study the prevalence of probable RBD (pRBD) in a rural community based on RBD1Q-C and investigate the association between pRBD and Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: The validation study of RBD1Q-C included 32 Chinese participants (14 idiopathic RBD patients and 18 controls). All participants underwent a polysomnogram (PSG). We then conducted a door-to-door survey to estimate the prevalence of pRBD assessed by RBD1Q-C, and its association with PD among 19614 residents who lived in Malu community of Shanghai, China. RESULTS: RBD1Q-C demonstrated a high sensitivity of 100%, a moderate specificity of 55.6%. The agreement between RBD1Q-C and PSG-based RBD diagnosis was good (k = 0.552). PPV of the RBD1Q-C was 63.6% and NPV was 100%. The prevalence of pRBD in Malu community was 4.9%. In people over 50 years old, presence of pRBD was significantly associated with increased risk of having PD (odds ratio = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.56-4.39). CONCLUSION: RBD1Q-C was shown to be a useful screening tool. Based on the RBD1Q-C, we found that pRBD was not rare in Chinese rural population and associated with odds of PD, calling for more attention from patients, caregivers and physicians.

Evolution of the Karnosky Performance Status throughout life in glioblastoma patients.

Functional independence in glioblastoma (GBM) patients is a key factor in measuring the quality of life. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) have been largely described. However, the evolution over time of the performance status during the patients' life remains understudied. We thus studied the time to loss of functional independence as assessed by a Karnosky Performance Status (KPS) below 70 % in GBM patients. We analysed all GBM patients treated in our institution between 2008 and 2013 and meeting the following criteria: age >18 years, supratentorial location, post-surgical KPS ≥ 70 %, initially treated with concomitant radiotherapy (RT) and Temozolomide. Within the 84 patients studied, the median PFS was 9 months and the median OS was 18.7 months. The median survival time with functional independence (KPS ≥ 70 %) was 14.5 months. On average, the patients spent 73 % of their lifespan with a KPS ≥ 70 %. Surgical resection and low steroid dosage were statistically associated with increased survival time with KPS ≥ 70 % (p = 0.015 and p = 0.03, respectively). Sixty-two (62) patients received one or several lines of chemotherapy at recurrence. Under treatment with Bevacizumab (42 Bev-based regimens), radiological responses were seen in 35 % and improvement in KPS occurred in 24 % whereas no response and rare improvement of KPS (3 %) were seen with other type of chemotherapy (97 non Bev-based regimens). In GBM patients, median survival with KPS ≥ 70 % largely exceeds PFS. Surgical resection and low steroids dosage at RT-onset appeared as good prognosis factors for survival with functional independence.

HuR and TIA1/TIAL1 are involved in regulation of alternative splicing of SIRT1 pre-mRNA.

SIRT1 is a pleiotropic protein that plays critical and multifunctional roles in metabolism, senescence, longevity, stress-responses, and cancer, and has become an important therapeutic target across a range of diseases. Recent research demonstrated that SIRT1 pre-mRNA undergoes alternative splicing to produce different isoforms, such as SIRT1 full-length and SIRT1-∆Exon8 variants. Previous studies revealed these SIRT1 mRNA splice variants convey different characteristics and functions to the protein, which may in turn explain the multifunctional roles of SIRT1. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of SIRT1 alternative splicing remain to be elucidated. Our objective is to search for new pathways that regulate of SIRT1 alternative splicing. Here we describe experiments showing that HuR and TIA1/TIAL1, two kinds of RNA-binding proteins, were involved in the regulation of alternative splicing of SIRT1 pre-mRNA under normal and stress circumstances: HuR increased SIRT1-∆Exon8 by promoting SIRT1 exon 8 exclusion, whereas TIA1/TIAL1 inhibition of the exon 8 exclusion led to a decrease in SIRT1-∆Exon8 mRNA levels. This study provides novel insight into how the alternative splicing of SIRT1 pre-mRNA is regulated, which has fundamental implications for understanding the critical and multifunctional roles of SIRT1.

Self-Compassion as a Mediator Linking Sleep Disturbances with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A Four-Wave, Cross-Lagged Study.

Objective: This longitudinal study examined the reciprocal relationship between sleep disturbances with non-suicidal self-injury and whether self-compassion mediates these associations. Methods: A total of 5785 freshmen were sampled from a large-scale health-related cohort among Chinese college students at the baseline. This study spanned six waves with a six-month interval between each wave. Data from the last four waves were used because self-compassion or non-suicidal self-injury was not measured in the first two waves. The cross-lagged panel models were used to examine the longitudinal dynamic relationships between sleep disturbances, self-compassion, and non-suicidal self-injury. Results: The results showed that all the auto-regressive paths were significant. For the cross-lagged paths, there was a reciprocal relation between sleep disturbances and self-compassion. Importantly, self-compassion played a longitudinal mediating role in the prediction from sleep disturbances to non-suicidal self-injury (indirect effect = 0.007 to 0.009, all p values < 0.001). Conclusion: Psychological interventions targeting improved sleep quality and self-compassion may hold great promise for reducing the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury.

Causal relationship between dietary salt intake and dementia risk: Mendelian randomization study.

OBJECTIVE: Observational research has indicated a potential link between dietary salt intake and susceptibility to dementia. However, it is important to note that these types of studies are prone to the issues of reverse causation and residual confounding. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causality. METHOD: To explore the causal relationship between them, this Mendelian randomization (MR) study incorporated summary statistics of dietary salt intake and dementia. We estimated the causality between salt intake and the risk of overall dementia and various subtypes of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Vascular dementia (VaD), and Lewy body dementia (LBD). The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was the major MR analysis. To conduct sensitivity analyses, we employed various MR methods, the pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) method, and the leave-one-out approach. The MR-Egger intercept and Cochran's Q test were conducted to test pleiotropy and heterogeneity respectively. RESULTS: A suggestive association was observed for genetically predicted higher dietary salt intake and increased risk of overall dementia in the European ancestry [odds ratio (OR): 1.542; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.095-2.169; P = 0.013]. The causal relationship between dietary salt intake and overall dementia is robust with respect to the choice of statistical methods and is validated through extensive sensitivity analyses that guard against various model assumption violations. Meanwhile, no clear heterogeneity or pleiotropy was identified. However, we failed to detect a causal effect of dietary salt intake on the risk of various dementia subtypes. CONCLUSION: The results of this research present strong evidence that established a significant association between dietary salt intake and the likelihood of developing dementia. These findings reinforce the notion that the amount of dietary salt intake plays a crucial role in determining the risk of acquiring this cognitive condition. By establishing a definitive correlation, this study highlights the importance of reducing salt consumption as a preventive measure against dementia.

Effects of Different Tank Sizes on Laboratory Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)-Under the Same Density.

Laboratory fish play an important role in many research fields, and they are also raised and bred in many laboratories around the world. While many studies have suggested suitable feeding densities for various laboratory fish, significant variations exist in the sizes of rearing tanks across different laboratories. Moreover, there is limited research on the effects of different rearing tank sizes. In this study, we set up the same rearing density (one liter of water corresponding to two fishes) and four treatments with different tank sizes (5 L, 10 L, 15 L, 20 L). We found that different sizes of rearing tanks had no significant effect on the growth and shoaling of laboratory rare minnow. However, the rare minnow in 10 L tank had lower cortisol levels, while the rare minnow in 20 L tank had higher levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites (DOPAC and 5-HIAA). These results show that even under the same rearing density, different sizes of rearing tanks will still have a physiological effect on the rare minnow, and the tank size suitable for laboratory fish should be considered.

Impulse control behaviors and apathy commonly co-occur in de novo Parkinson's disease and predict the incidence of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

OBJECTIVE: Impulse control behaviors (ICBs) and apathy are believed to represent opposite motivational expressions of the same behavioral spectrum involving hypo- and hyperdopaminergic status, but this has been recently debated. Our study aims to estimate the co-occurrence of ICBs and apathy in early Parkinson's disease (PD) and to determine whether this complex neuropsychiatric condition is an important marker of PD prognoses. METHODS: Neuropsychiatric symptoms, clinical data, neuroimaging results, and demographic data from de novo PD patients were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort. The clinical characteristics of ICBs co-occurring with apathy and their prevalence were analyzed. We compared the prognoses of the different groups during the 8-year follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to predict the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) using baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 422 PD patients and 195 healthy controls (HCs) were included. In brief, 87 (20.6 %) de novo PD patients and 37 (19.0 %) HCs had ICBs at baseline. Among them, 23 (26.4 %) de novo PD patients and 3 (8.1 %) HCs had clinical symptoms of both ICBs and apathy. The ICBs and apathy group had more severe non-motor symptoms than the isolated ICBs group. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the co-occurrence of ICBs and apathy was a risk factor for LID development (HR 2.229, 95 % CI 1.209 to 4.110, p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Co-occurrence of ICBs and apathy is common in patients with early PD and may help to identify the risk of LID development.

Decreased resting-state functional connectivity and brain network abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex of elderly patients with Parkinson's disease accompanied by depressive symptoms.

This study aimed to explore the brain network characteristics in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with depressive symptoms. Thirty elderly PD patients with depressive symptoms (PD-D) and 26 matched PD patients without depressive symptoms (PD-NOD) were recruited based on HAMD-24 with a cut-off of 7. The resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) was conducted by 53-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). There were no statistically significant differences in MMSE scores, disease duration, Hoehn-Yahr stage, daily levodopa equivalent dose, and MDS-UPDRS III between the two groups. However, compared to the PD-NOD group, the PD-D group showed significantly higher MDS-UPDRS II, HAMA-14, and HAMD-24. The interhemispheric FC strength and the FC strength between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC-L) and the left frontal polar area (FPA-L) was significantly lower in the PD-D group (FDR p < 0.05). As for graph theoretic metrics, the PD-D group had significantly lower degree centrality (aDc) and node efficiency (aNe) in the DLPFC-L and the FPA-L (FDR, p < 0.05), as well as decreased global efficiency (aEg). Pearson correlation analysis indicated moderate negative correlations between HAMD-24 scores and the interhemispheric FC strength, FC between DLPFC-L and FPA-L, aEg, aDc in FPA-L, aNe in DLPFC-L and FPA-L. In conclusion, PD-D patients show decreased integration and efficiency in their brain networks. Furthermore, RSFC between DLPFC-L and FPA-L regions is negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. These findings propose that targeting DLPFC-L and FPA-L regions via non-invasive brain stimulation may be a potential intervention for alleviating depressive symptoms in elderly PD patients.

Exploring Research Trend and Hotspots on Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Stroke (2001-2022): Insights from Bibliometric.

Oxidative stress is widely involved in the pathological process of ischemic stroke and ischemia-reperfusion. Several research have demonstrated that eliminating or reducing oxidative stress can alleviate the pathological changes of ischemic stroke. However, current clinical antioxidant treatment did not always perform as expected. This bibliometric research aims to identify research trends, topics, hotspots, and evolution on oxidative stress in the field of ischemic stroke, and to find potentially antioxidant strategies in future clinical treatment. Relevant publications were searched from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection databases (2001-2022). VOSviewer was used to visualize and analyze the development trends and hotspots. In the field of oxidative stress and ischemic stroke, the number of publications increased significantly from 2001 to 2022. China and the USA were the leading countries for publication output. The most prolific institutions were Stanford University. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism and Stroke were the most cited journals. The research topics in this field include inflammation with oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage with oxidative stress, oxidative stress in reperfusion injury, oxidative stress in cognitive impairment and basic research and clinical translation of oxidative stress. Moreover, "NLRP3 inflammasome," "autophagy," "mitophagy," "miRNA," "ferroptosis," and "signaling pathway" are the emerging research hotspots in recent years. At present, multi-target regulation focusing on multi-mechanism crosstalk has progressed across this period, while challenges come from the transformation of basic research to clinical application. New detection technology and new nanomaterials are expected to integrate oxidative stress into the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke better.

Delayed simvastatin treatment improves neurological recovery after cryogenic traumatic brain injury through downregulation of ELOVL1 by inhibiting mTOR signaling.

Statins are well-tolerated and widely available lipid-lowering medications with neuroprotective effects against traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, whether delayed statin therapy starting in the subacute phase promotes recovery after TBI is unknown. Elongation of the very long-chain fatty acid protein 1 (ELOVL1) is involved in astrocyte-mediated neurotoxicity, but its role in TBI and the relationship between ELOVL1 and statins are unclear. We hypothesized that delayed simvastatin treatment promotes neurological functional recovery after TBI by regulating the ELOVL1-mediated production of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). ICR male mice received daily intragastric administration of 1, 2 or 5mg/kg simvastatin on Days 1-14, 3-14, 5-14, or 7-14 after cryogenic TBI (cTBI). The results showed that simvastatin promoted motor functional recovery in a dose-dependent manner, with a wide therapeutic window of at least 7 days postinjury. Meanwhile, simvastatin inhibited astrocyte and microglial overactivation and glial scar formation, and increased total dendritic length, neuronal complexity and spine density on day 14 after cTBI. The up-regulation of ELOVL1 expression and saturated VLCFAs concentrations in the cortex surrounding the lesion caused by cTBI was inhibited by simvastatin, which was related to the inhibition of the mTOR signaling. Overexpression of ELOVL1 in astrocytes surrounding the lesion using HBAAV2/9-GFAP-m-ELOVL1-3xFlag-EGFP partially attenuated the benefits of simvastatin. These results showed that delayed simvastatin treatment promoted functional recovery and brain tissue repair after TBI through the downregulation of ELOVL1 expression by inhibiting mTOR signaling. Astrocytic ELOVL1 may be a potential target for rehabilitation after TBI.

Pattern of prefrontal cortical activation and network revealed by task-based and resting-state fNIRS in Parkinson's disease's patients with overactive bladder symptoms.

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), and negatively contribute to the quality of life (QoL) of patients. To explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, we investigated the correlation between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) function and OAB symptoms in PD patients. Methods: One hundred fifty-five idiopathic PD patients were recruited and classified either as PD-OAB or PD-NOAB candidates based on their corresponding OAB symptom scores (OABSS). A linear regression analysis identified a correlative connection of cognitive domains. Then cortical activation during the performance of the verbal fluency test (VFT) and brain connectivity during resting state were conducted by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for 10 patients in each group to investigate their frontal cortical activation and network pattern. Results: In cognitive function analysis, a higher OABS score was significantly correlated with a lower FAB score, MoCA total score, and sub-scores of visuospatial/executive, attention, and orientation as well. In the fNIRS study, the PD-OAB group exhibited significant activations in 5 channels over the left hemisphere, 4 over the right hemisphere, and 1 in the median during the VFT process. In contrast, only 1 channel over the right hemisphere showed significant activation in the PD-NOAB group. The PD-OAB group revealed hyperactivation, particularly in certain channel in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), compared with PD-NOAB (FDR P < 0.05). In the resting state, there was a significant increase of the resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) strength between the bilateral Broca area, left frontopolar area (FPA-L) and right Broca's area (Broca-R), between the FPA and Broca's area if merging the bilateral regions of interest (ROI), and also between the two hemispheres in the PD-OAB group. The Spearman's correlation confirmed that the OABS scores were positively correlated with RSFC strength between the bilateral Broca area, FPA-L and Broca-R, between the FPA and Broca area if merging the bilateral ROI. Conclusion: In this PD cohort, OAB was related to decreased PFC functions, with particularly hyperactivated left DLPFC during VTF and an enhanced neural connectivity between the two hemispheres in the resting state as observed by fNIRS imaging.