RESUMEN
As a development of our research on biocompatible glycoconjugate probes and specifically multi-chromophoric systems, herein, we report the synthesis and early bactericidal tests of two luminescent glycoconjugates whose basic structure is characterized by two boron dipyrromethene difluoride (BODIPY) moieties and three galactoside rings mounted on an oligophenylene ethynylene (OPE) skeleton. BODIPY fluorophores have found widespread application in many branches of biology in the last few decades. In particular, molecular platforms showing two different BODIPY groups have unique photophysical behavior useful in fluorescence imaging. Construction of the complex architecture of the new probes is accomplished through a convergent route that exploits a series of copper-free Heck-Cassar-Sonogashira cross-couplings. The great emergency due to the proliferation of bacterial infections, in conjunction with growing antibiotic resistance, requires the production of new multifunctional drugs and efficient methods for their targeted delivery to control bacteria-associated diseases. Preliminary studies of the glycoconjugate properties as antibacterial agents against representatives of Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) pathogens, which are associated with chronic infections, indicated significant bactericidal activity ascribable to their structural features.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Compuestos de Boro , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Compuestos de Boro/química , Compuestos de Boro/farmacología , Compuestos de Boro/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Glicoconjugados/química , Glicoconjugados/farmacología , Glicoconjugados/síntesis química , Estructura Molecular , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/síntesis químicaRESUMEN
Biofilm (BF) can give rise to systemic infections, prolonged hospitalization times, and, in the worst case, death. This review aims to provide an overview of recent strategies for the prevention and destruction of pathogenic BFs. First, the main phases of the life cycle of BF and maturation will be described to identify potential targets for anti-BF approaches. Then, an approach acting on bacterial adhesion, quorum sensing (QS), and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix will be introduced and discussed. Finally, bacteriophage-mediated strategies will be presented as innovative approaches against BF inhibition/destruction.
RESUMEN
Micro and nanoplastics are ubiquitous pollutants that can cause adverse health effects even in humans. Effects of virgin and oxidised (simulating the aging processes) polystyrene nano (nPS) and micro particles (mPS) with diameters of 0.1 and 1 µm were studied on human professional phagocytes (i.e., monocyte cells THP-1 and macrophage-like mTHP-1 cells). After characterization by ATR-FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM and dynamic light-scattering analyses, the particles were FITC functionalised to quantify cellular uptake. Changes in the cell compartments were studied by acrydine orange and the pro-oxidant, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were assessed. Phagocytosis was dose- and time- dependent and at 24 h 52% of nPS and 58% of mPS were engulfed. Despite the high homeostasis of professional phagocytes, significant ROS increases and DNA damage were observed after exposure to oxidised particles. The results highlight that the environmental aging processes enhances the adverse health effects of micro and nanoplastics.