Natural Clinoptilolite Nanoparticles Coated with Phosphatidylcholine.

A nanocarrier was obtained by coating the natural clinoptilolite particle surface with a phosphatidylcholine layer. The shell effective size does not exceed the thickness of the phospholipid molecular layer, which was confirmed by UV spectrometry and molecular mass spectrometry. The hydrodynamic diameter of the formulated nanocarrier, which was determined by dynamic light scattering, is smaller than the clinoptilolite core size. This effect is assumed to be caused by the phospholipid shell, which reduces the aqueous medium friction. The nanosize of the formulated nanocarrier, the natural clinoptilolite core, and the phospholipid shell together allow a combination of fruitful features that can be used for the fabrication of multifunctional platforms for the delivery of biologically active substances, bioimaging, or as a basis for biosensors.

Low-Intensity Femtosecond Radiation Activates the Natural Defenses of Mice in vivo.

The possibility of induction of cytogenetic damage in the bone marrow, changes in the cellularity of lymphoid organs and blood composition in mice irradiated with low-intensity femtosecond laser radiation at a power flux density of 5.1, 10.4, and 52 mJ/cm2 (0.5 mW for 5, 10, and 50 s) in vivo was shown. Using the radiation adaptive response test (0.1 Gy + 1.5 Gy), it was found that, when mice were exposed to femtosecond laser radiation in high doses, the body's natural defenses were activated in the same narrow range of energy flux density (2-16 mJ/cm2) as in the case of X-ray irradiation in a dose of 0.1 Gy (4 mJ/cm2). The data obtained suggest a similar mechanism of activation of the body's natural defense upon exposure to low doses of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.

Bacterial Film Disintegration with Electrochemically Reduced Water.

The aim of this work was to study the fine structure of bacterial films grown on the inner tube surface of a flow reactor. Using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) approaches, the detailed biofilm relief was visualized. The action of electrochemically reduced water (ERW) on the biofilm ultrastructure generated by the plankton form of E. coli and/or lacto bacteria was investigated. The treatment with an ERW solution destroyed the biofilm organic polymer matrix and bacterial cells embedded in the matrix.

[Biophysical basis of medical thermovision].

Characteristics of the thermal relief of the human body are reviewed. It is shown that the usage of thermovision in medical diagnostics requires the simultaneous and compatible consideration in the research process of three components: the contribution of the object itself, the influence of the medium through which the infrared radiation passes and the instrumental parameters of the infrared imager registering this radiation.

[A model for the development of stable competitive interrelations in the self-organization of biosystems].

A model is proposed that allows one to reveal specific features of the biosystem dynamics based on competitive processes of binary interaction. The model assumes a two-level hierarchy of system organization. Objects at the lower level of a system being investigated interact in a random way. The upper level determines the modulation of the development of a random process at the lower level. The application of the results of modeling to processes such as oxygen transport by proteins, adaptation of living organisms to varying environment, muscle contraction, and adaptation to stresses is discussed.

[Dynamics of bacterial population waves in relation to the function of chemotaxis response].

The time of formation and rate of bacterial population waves as a function of substrate concentration has been investigated. It was shown both theoretically and in experiment that the time of wave formation increases with substrate concentration. At the same time, the rate of wave propagation decreases at relatively high substrate concentrations. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of bacterial population waves in different chemotaxis responses was carried out in in silico experiments with the Keller-Segel model.

[Perfluorcarbon nanocontainers with the nitric oxide transfer function].

Hydrophobic nanocontainers in the blood channel of the organism promote rapid delivery or removal of some physiologically active compounds. At sites of excess, physiologically active compounds are loaded into nanocontainers and are transferred by the blood flow inside the organism. The realization of such systems is illustrated by an example of oxygen and nitric oxide transfer by perfluorcarbon nanocontainers. The efficiency of the delivery of the physiologically active compounds by means of nanocontainers has been also analyzed.

[Clock synchronization in various modes of regulation].

In this study, which is dedicated to the participants of I. M. Gelfand's scientific seminar, the regulation mechanisms for the clock synchronization in an isolated biological community are analyzed. A comparison has been carried out of the time consumed and the work done taking into account the specific error value for three modes of regulation: centralized regulation, centralized hierarchy regulation, and self-organization based on paired interaction. The results of the study may have different biophysical applications.

[Soliton-like and non-soliton regimes of interaction of taxis waves (illustrated with an example of bacterial population waves)].

It has been shown in our previous studies that, during collision, bacterial population waves can penetrate each other or stop. In the present study, the mechanism of the two regimes of interaction is considered in detail. Based on the experimental and theoretical research, it has been shown that this interaction is a vivid example to confirm one of the characteristic properties of waves in cross-diffusion systems.

[Biophysics at the turn of the new millenium: perfluorocarbon media and gas-transporting blood substitutes]. / Biofizika na poroge novogo tysiacheletiia: perftoruglerodnye sredy i gazotransportnye krovezameniteli.

The results of 20-year investigations of perfluorocarbon gas-transporting emulsions for biological and medical applications performed by russian biophysicists together with chemists and clinicists are reviewed. As a result of these investigations, the blood substitute perftoran was created. Now this commercial blood substitute has different applications in clinics of Russia and other countries.

[Biophysics at the turn of the century: autowaves]. / Biofizika na rubezhe stoletiia: avtovolny.

By the example of the formation of dissipative patterns in Belousov-Zhabotinsky reactions and in population waves of mobile microorganisms, an attempt was made to analyze the development of the "autowave conception" in the last ten years. New results obtained at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, were demonstrated. The place of the "autowave conception" among other methods of studying nonlinear cooperative bioprocesses that form the basis of synergism is shown. The review was prepared on the occasion of the 275th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the 2nd Biophysical Meeting of Russia.

[The 275th anniversary of Russian Academy of Sciences and history of biophysics]. / 275 let Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk i istoriia biofiziki.

Within the framework of scientific arrangements devoted to the 275th Anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Second Congress of Biophysicists of Russia was held in Moscow from 23 to 27 August 1999 on the basis of the Lomonosov State University. More than 600 scientists from Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States took part in the Congress. Below we present abridged a report of the Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Prof. G.R. Ivanitskii. This report opened the Congress.

[Learning and selection create new information]. / Obuchenie i otbor sozdaiut novuiu informatsiiu.

Comments on the article of A.V. Melkikh "Can the Organism Select New Valuable Information from Environment?" are given.

[Explanation for the pyramid effect]. / Ob''iasnenie éffekta piramid.

It was established that the dynamics of volatile compounds from samples placed inside chambers is affected by the shape of the chambers. The mechanisms of this effect were analyzed. It was shown that the experimental results obtained previously are consistent with the theory. It was also shown that all phenomena observed in constructions of various shapes are described in terms of the known physical conceptions. Chambers with outside pulsating heating are variations of the known "Brown motor devices".

[New artificial blood: sensation without any sensation (comments to the article in the journal New Scientist of 13 March, 2004)]. / Novaia iskusstvennaia krov': sensatsiia bez sensatsii (Kommentarii k stat'e v zhurnale New Scientist ot 13 marta 2004 goda).

In the article of Sylvia P. Westphal "New artificial blood shows promise" the sensational, at first sight, contention is adduced that numerous researchers engaged in the development of artificial blood substituents have many years followed the false pathway and did not understand the mechanisms of action of gas-transporting blood substituents, and now this understanding is available. In the paper being commented, the author gives three criteria that gas-transporting blood substituents must meet. The statement that the developers of gas-transporting blood substituents were unaware of these criteria is, in our opinion, questionable. We have known and have taken them into account development of the Russian gas-transporting blood substituent perftoran.

[Organization of mobile structures in the blood stream--basis for the function of perfluorocarbon "artificial blood"]. / Organizatsiia podvizhnykh struktur v krovotoke--osnova funktsionirovaniiia perftoruglerodnoi "iskusstvennoi krovi".

Research into the synthetic blood substitute of the Perftoran emulsion was shown that particle dynamical chains were formed by the turbulization of a particle motility in a blood flow. This chain display an activity of the oxygen carrier channel into the tissue of vessels from the erythrocyte which remained after a bloodletting. Moreover the review presented other results of safety and efficacy of perfluorocarbon blood substitutes and theirs prognosis of future progress.

[Base plate as a logical controller, matching receptor and other functions of bacteriophage T4]. / Bazal'naia plastinka--logicheskii modul', soglasuiushchii retseptornye i ispolnitel'nye funktsii bakteriofaga T4.

It has been shown that the complex functioning of the baseplate of the bacteriophage T4 is based on the high level hierarchy in the structure organization and on the interaction of protein components forming the hub and the "channels" of short and long fibers. The presence of structure proteins with stabilizing and destabilizing functions has been revealed. It has been shown that the process of binding of long tail fibers with cell receptors is a cooperative process. In general the baseplate can be considered as a logic module providing the transition from the adsorbtion to the nonreversible reorganization in the bacteriophage functioning.

[From disorder to order using the example of the function of phage T4 baseplate]. / Ot besporiadka k uporiadochennosti: na primere funktsionirovaniia bazal'noi plastinki faga T4.

The structure of key elements of T4 baseplate distal part was investigated by electron microscopy and image processing. The functional aspects of interaction of distal part structures in cell infection process were discussed. According to the results obtained earlier the baseplate functioning was suggested to be like a synchronization process of the complex protein structure caused by variation of external factors.

[Kinetic features of aberration occurrence in thermally-induced reorganization of T4 phage]. / Kineticheskie osobennosti vozniknoveniia aberrantnosti pri termoindutsirovannoi reorganizatsii faga T4.

The reorganization process of bacteriophage T4B in the course of heating at various rates was studied. Reduction of the heating rate from 1 to 8.10(-4) degree per min showed that the content of normally reorganized particles was increased.

[Block improvement of the genetic text as a factor of acceleration of biological evolution]. / Blochnoe sovershenstvovanie geneticheskogo teksta kak faktor uskoreniia biologicheskoi évoliutsii.

It is shown that the time required for selecting most perfect sequences can be decreased by several orders at the expense of block-hierarchic principle of biological objects structure.