Living related liver transplant following bone marrow transplantation from same donor: long-term survival without immunosuppression.

We report long-term (seven yr) immunological tolerance in a 16-yr-old boy, to a liver allograft donated by his father following a bone marrow transplant at age 2.5 yr from the same donor. The bone marrow transplant was complicated by severe GVHD leading to liver failure and the ensuing need for a liver transplant, performed under planned avoidance of immunosuppression. At one wk post-transplant, although a liver biopsy was histologically compatible with acute rejection, favorable clinical and biochemical evolution precluded initiating immunosuppressive therapy, thus highlighting the need for caution when interpreting early histological changes so that administration of unnecessary immunosuppression can be avoided. Induction of tolerance in transplant recipients remains an elusive goal. In those patients who had received conventional bone marrow transplants and had endured the consequences of GVHD, development of macrochimerism may allow immunosuppression-free solid organ transplantation from the same donor.

Yersinia enterocolitica Infection Simulating Lymphoproliferative Disease, after Liver Transplant.

We describe a 14-year-old girl, who was 13 y after liver transplantation for biliary atresia with an unremarkable postoperative course. She presented with fever of up to 40°C, extreme fatigue, malaise, anorexia, and occasional vomiting. On physical examination the only finding was splenomegaly. Lab results showed hyperglobulinemia and an elevated sedimentation rate. Liver function tests were normal except for mild elevation of γGTP. Abdominal U/S and CT demonstrated an enlarged spleen with retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph nodes enlargement. An exhaustive evaluation for infectious causes, autoimmune conditions, and malignancy was negative. A full recovery after 5 months prompted testing for self-limited infectious etiologies. Yersinia enterocolitica infection was diagnosed.