RESUMEN
The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is a G protein-coupled transporter that mediates the regulation of thyroid hormones and leptin on energy balance and food intake. However, the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of Mc4r by thyroid hormone and leptin in fish have been rarely reported. The messenger RNA expression of Mc4r gene was significantly higher in brain than those in other tissues of mandarin fish. We analyzed the structure and function of a 2029 bp sequence of Mc4r promoter. Meanwhile, overexpression of NKX2.1 and incubation with leptin significantly increased Mc4r promoter activity, but triiodothyronine showed the opposite effect. In addition, mutations in the NKX2.1 binding site abolished not only the activation of Mc4r promoter activity by leptin but also the inhibitory effect of thyroid hormones on Mc4r promoter activity. In summary, these results suggested that thyroid hormones and leptin might regulate the transcriptional expression of Mc4r through NKX2.1.
Asunto(s)
Peces , Genes Homeobox , Leptina , Animales , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Proteínas de Peces/metabolismo , Peces/genética , Peces/metabolismo , Leptina/genética , Leptina/farmacología , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/genética , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/metabolismo , Hormonas Tiroideas , Factor Nuclear Tiroideo 1/genética , Factor Nuclear Tiroideo 1/metabolismo , Humanos , Células HEK293RESUMEN
NSH2 sediment core from Nanshan Lake in the south of Zhalong wetland was studied, which was a typical lake for both empolder and aquaculture. The vertical distributions of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Mn, Ag, Cu, Co, Fe and Zn) were investigated. The method of principal component analysis (PCA) was adopted to apportion the sources of heavy metals, and particle size, combined with 210Pb(ex) dating data were used to indicate characteristics, sources and polluted history of heavy metals in lake sediments since 1829. The results showed that: 1) the trend of changes in accumulation in the sedimentation was rather slow in the earlier stage, then was fast in the middle stage, and finally slowed down again in the later stage. The history of elements pollution is correspondent with the production of human activities and policies of soil and water conservation of Nanshan Lake; 2) the contents of all elements varied smoothly before 1957, and which fluctuated slightly from 1957 to 1985. The contents of Hg, Cd and Ag increased obviously since 1985. The sources of heavy metals determined were mainly from sewage, the loss of fertilizers, and combustion of fuel such as coal and gasoline; 3) natural sources of the degradation of organic matter, rock weathering and erosion, as well as the source of industrial emissions, with the contributions of 50.14%, 19.90% and 10.32%, respectively. High potential risk of heavy metals existed in NSH2 sediment core. Hence, enough attention must be paid to the pollution control of lakes. Therefore, this study can provide basic data for help wetland ecological environment improvement in Zhalong wetland.