Non-transgenic, PAMAM co-delivery DNA of interactive proteins NbCRVP and NbCalB endows Nicotiana benthamiana with a stronger antiviral effect to RNA viruses.

BACKGROUND: Viral diseases continue to pose a major threat to the world's commercial crops. The in-depth exploration and efficient utilization of resistance proteins have become crucial strategies for their control. However, current delivery methods for introducing foreign DNA suffer from host range limitations, low transformation efficiencies, tissue damage, or unavoidable DNA integration into the host genome. The nanocarriers provides a convenient channel for the DNA delivery and functional utilization of disease-resistant proteins. RESULTS: In this research, we identified a cysteine-rich venom protein (NbCRVP) in Nicotiana benthamiana for the first time. Virus-induced gene silencing and transient overexpression clarified that NbCRVP could inhibit the infection of tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus Y, and cucumber mosaic virus, making it a broad-spectrum antiviral protein. Yeast two-hybrid assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation revealed that calcium-dependent lipid-binding (CaLB domain) family protein (NbCalB) interacted with NbCRVP to assist NbCRVP playing a stronger antiviral effect. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the efficient co-delivery of DNA expressing NbCRVP and NbCalB into plants using poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) nanocarriers, achieving stronger broad-spectrum antiviral effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our work presents a tool for species-independent transfer of two interacting protein DNA into plant cells in a specific ratio for enhanced antiviral effect without transgenic integration, which further demonstrated new strategies for nanocarrier-mediated DNA delivery of disease-resistant proteins.

STEAP3 Affects Ovarian Cancer Progression by Regulating Ferroptosis through the p53/SLC7A11 Pathway.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common malignant cancer in women with a low overall survival rate, and ferroptosis may be a potential new strategy for treatment. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3 (STEAP3) is a gene closely related to ferroptosis, yet the role of STEAP3 in OC has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Using biological information analysis, we first found that STEAP3 was highly expressed in OC, which was significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients and was an independent prognostic factor. Through cloning, scratch, and transwell experiments, we subsequently found that knockdown of STEAP3 significantly reduced the proliferation and migration ability of OC cells. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of STEAP3 induced ferroptosis in OC cells by detecting ferroptosis indicators. Mechanistically, we also found that knockdown of STEAP3 induced ferroptosis through the p53/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. Through tumorigenic experiments in nude mice, we finally verified that the knockdown of STEAP3 could inhibit tumor growth in vivo by promoting ferroptosis through the p53 pathway. Overall, our study identified a novel therapeutic target for ferroptosis in OC and explored its specific mechanism of action.

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the ElectroConvulsive Therapy Cognitive Assessment: An Electroconvulsive Therapy-Specific Cognitive Screening Tool.

OBJECTIVES: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective somatic treatment, but it may be limited by cognitive adverse effects. The existing cognitive screening instruments often lack specificity to ECT-associated cognitive deficits. The ElectroConvulsive Therapy Cognitive Assessment was developed and validated in a clinical setting, but the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of ElectroConvulsive Therapy Cognitive Assessment (ECCA-C) have not been studied in a large clinical sample. METHODS: The ECCA-C and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were administered to patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) undergoing ECT at 3 time points: pretreatment (baseline), before the fifth treatment, and 1 week posttreatment. The instruments were also administered to a sample of healthy subjects. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients with MDD and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. Overall, the patient group had statistically significantly lower MoCA and ECCA-C scores than the control group (both P values <0.001). The Cronbach α of the ECCA-C was 0.88 at baseline. Statistically significant decreases over time were observed in ECCA-C: pre-ECT (23.9 ± 4.0) > mid-ECT (21.3 ± 3.4) > post-ECT (18.7 ± 4.8) (all P values <0.001), whereas no statistically significant changes in MoCA scores were found at these 3 time points (F = 1.86, P = 0.165). A cutoff score of 26.5 on the ECCA-C was found to best differentiate between MDD patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The ECCA-C showed satisfactory psychometric properties and may be a more sensitive instrument than the MoCA to assess cognitive impairment associated with ECT.

Randomized controlled trial of all-inside and standard single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with functional, MRI-based graft maturity and patient-reported outcome measures.

BACKGROUND: All-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a novel technique that has gained attention due to its minimally invasive and graft-saving properties. However, studies comparing MRI-based graft maturity between all-inside and standard ACLR are lacking. PURPOSE: This study focused on the functional, knee laxity, and MRI-based graft maturity characteristics of all-inside and standard single-bundle ACLR. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS: Fifty-four patients were randomly assigned to an all-inside reconstruction group (n = 27) or standard reconstruction group (n = 27). Using the same rehabilitation strategy. The Tegner, International Knee Documentation Committee, and Lysholm scores were recorded at postoperative months 3, 6, and 12 to assess functional recovery. MRI was conducted to measure the signal/noise quotient (SNQ) of the intra-articular graft to assess the maturity. A higher SNQ indicates lower graft maturity. Knee laxity was assessed using GNRB arthrometer at the postoperative month 12. RESULTS: The graft SNQ of the all-inside group was significantly higher than that of the standard group at postoperative month 6 (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in graft SNQ between the two groups at postoperative months 3 and 12 (p > 0.05). Both groups exhibited the highest SNQ in the middle region of the graft, followed by the proximal region, and the distal region. Functional scores improved significantly for both groups and had no statistical difference (p > 0.05). The knee laxity was higher in the all-inside group (p < 0.05) at postoperative month 12. There was no correlation between the functional scores and graft maturity in both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: All-inside and standard single-bundle ACLR show good functional outcomes; however, knee laxity was relatively higher in the all-inside ACLR group than in the standard ACLR group. Moreover, both techniques exhibited poor maturity in the middle graft region and the best in the distal region. Graft maturity with all-inside ACLR is inferior to that with standard ACLR in the early postoperative stages. There is no correlation between knee function and graft maturity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial registration numbers: ChiCTR1800018543 . Date of registration: 09/23/2018.

Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Modulates 2 Distinct Neurocircuits.

OBJECTIVE: Current understanding of the neuromodulatory effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on large-scale brain networks remains elusive, largely due to the lack of techniques that can reveal DBS-induced activity at the whole-brain level. Using a novel 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible stimulator, we investigated whole-brain effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease. METHODS: Fourteen patients received STN-DBS treatment and participated in a block-design functional MRI (fMRI) experiment, wherein stimulations were delivered during "ON" blocks interleaved with "OFF" blocks. fMRI responses to low-frequency (60Hz) and high-frequency(130Hz) STN-DBS were measured 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postsurgery. To ensure reliability, multiple runs (48 minutes) of fMRI data were acquired at each postsurgical visit. Presurgical resting-state fMRI (30 minutes) data were also acquired. RESULTS: Two neurocircuits showed highly replicable, but distinct responses to STN-DBS. A circuit involving the globus pallidus internus (GPi), thalamus, and deep cerebellar nuclei was significantly activated, whereas another circuit involving the primary motor cortex (M1), putamen, and cerebellum showed DBS-induced deactivation. These 2 circuits were dissociable in terms of their DBS-induced responses and resting-state functional connectivity. The GPi circuit was frequency-dependent, selectively responding to high-frequency stimulation, whereas the M1 circuit was responsive in a time-dependent manner, showing enhanced deactivation over time. Finally, activation of the GPi circuit was associated with overall motor improvement, whereas M1 circuit deactivation was related to reduced bradykinesia. INTERPRETATION: Concurrent DBS-fMRI using 3T revealed 2 distinct circuits that responded differentially to STN-DBS and were related to divergent symptoms, a finding that may provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying DBS. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1178-1193.

Anatomical knee variables result in worse outcomes of lateral meniscal allograft transplantation with discoid lateral menisci than with nondiscoid lateral menisci.

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical results of meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) between patients with discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) and non-DLM (NDLM) and to analyse whether anatomical deformities cause worse clinical results in DLM patients. METHODS: Patients who underwent unilateral MAT from 2005 to 2017, including 115 patients with DLMs or NDLMs, were included in this study. Clinical outcomes [International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Lysholm scores, Tegner scores, and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores] and radiographic and MRI data were assessed. Clinical outcomes and anatomical knee variables were analysed by multivariate stepwise regression. RESULTS: After more than 2 years of follow-up, 9 patients were lost to follow-up, and 59 patients with DLM and 47 patients with NDLM were included. The mean postoperative results were significantly better than the preoperative data (P < 0.05) in both the DLM and NDLM groups. In addition, postoperative IKDC, Lysholm, and VAS scores but not Tegner scores were better in the NDLM group than in the DLM group. Several anatomical knee variables differed significantly between the NDLM and DLM groups and were associated with MAT outcomes. The condylar prominence ratio of the lateral and medial femoral condyles adjacent to the intercondylar notch and squaring of the lateral femoral condyle (the distance of the straight articular condylar surface) were independent factors significantly correlated with the Lysholm scores for MAT at last follow-up. CONCLUSION: MAT improved knee function in both patients with DLM and patients with NDLM, but patients NDLM had better clinical outcomes than patients with DLM. The condylar prominence ratio and squaring of the lateral femoral condyle may underlie this result. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Cutaneous vessel features of sensitive skin and its underlying functions.

BACKGROUND: Following the sufficient studies of the effects of skin barrier impairment and heightened neural reaction on sensitive skin (SS), many scholars have paid great attention to the roles of superficial microvasculature in SS. METHODS: By questionnaire survey, lactic acid sting test, and capsaicin test, eligible subjects were classified as normal skin, only lactic acid sting test positive (LASTP), only capsaicin test positive (CATP), and both positive (both LASTP and CATP). D-OCT was used to photograph images for evaluating the cutaneous vessels features each group. RESULTS: Totally 137 subjects completed the study. Compared with LASTN group, the vascular vessels were closer to epidermis in LASTP group. Mesh and branching vessels were more popular in SS than normal skin. High blood vessel density was more prevalent in SS, while low density frequently presented in normal skin. The vascular depth had a closely negative correlation with face flushing and SSS, and vascular shapes had a good positive correlation with face flushing and SSB. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that there is a significant difference in vascular depth, shape, and density between SS and normal skin which is valuable to explore SS pathologic mechanism and to further investigate cutaneous microvasculature functions in SS.

FAM3A protects chondrocytes against interleukin-1ß-induced apoptosis through regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Chondrocyte death due to apoptosis is central for osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. The family with sequence similarity 3A (FAM3A) is a mitochondrial protein that plays an important role for cellular adaptation to stress and cell survival. Yet, whether FAM3A is associated with chondrocyte apoptosis and OA pathogenesis remains uncharacterized. In this study, we found that FAM3A expression was downregulated in cartilage tissue from an experimental OA mouse model. Besides, FAM3A expression was also reduced in chondrocytes treated with interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), an inflammatory cytokine that promotes cartilage degradation. Moreover, we discovered that FAM3A attenuated chondrocyte apoptosis induced by IL-1ß treatment in vitro, suggesting a protective effect of FAM3A against chondrocyte apoptosis. Moreover, mechanistically, FAM3A activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in IL-1ß-treated chondrocytes, and blockade of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with specific inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, diminished FAM3A effect on IL-1ß-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, hence demonstrating that FAM3A attenuates IL-1ß-induced chondrocyte apoptosis through activating the pro-survival PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, our study may identify FAM3A as a potential regulator of chondrocyte apoptosis involved in OA pathogenesis.

Optimal number of chemical extraction treatments for maintaining the biological properties of an allogeneic tendon.

The aim of this study was to explore the biological effects of the amount of chemical extraction treatments performed on an allogeneic tendon through histomorphology, biological mechanics testing, and an immunogenicity assay. Sixteen New Zealand rabbits (body weight 2.5-3.0 kg) were randomly divided into four groups: group A (chemical extraction once), group B (chemical extraction twice), group C (chemical extraction three times), and group D (blank control group), with four rabbits in each group. The Achilles tendons of each rabbit were separated and subjected to a chemical extraction process with Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate, followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, electron microscopy observation, biomechanical testing, and mixed lymphocyte culture. There were no significant differences in the surface color and fiber bundles between groups A and B and the blank control group, whereas group C showed clear differences from the blank control group with a rough surface, loose fibers, and poor tension. There were no significant differences in the biomechanics among the four groups. The four groups showed significant differences in the lymphocyte conversion ratio, with reduced rates of lymphocyte conversion along with increasing treatment numbers. Two chemical extractions of the tendon allowed for retaining most of the integrity of the original tendon fiber while removing immunogenicity with good biological properties. These findings lay a foundation for application of this method to human tendons so as to provide a good tissue source for tendon transplantation.

Mechanically-Guided Deterministic Assembly of 3D Mesostructures Assisted by Residual Stresses.

Formation of 3D mesostructures in advanced functional materials is of growing interest due to the widespread envisioned applications of devices that exploit 3D architectures. Mechanically guided assembly based on compressive buckling of 2D precursors represents a promising method, with applicability to a diverse set of geometries and materials, including inorganic semiconductors, metals, polymers, and their heterogeneous combinations. This paper introduces ideas that extend the levels of control and the range of 3D layouts that are achievable in this manner. Here, thin, patterned layers with well-defined residual stresses influence the process of 2D to 3D geometric transformation. Systematic studies through combined analytical modeling, numerical simulations, and experimental observations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy through ≈20 example cases with a broad range of complex 3D topologies. The results elucidate the ability of these stressed layers to alter the energy landscape associated with the transformation process and, specifically, the energy barriers that separate different stable modes in the final 3D configurations. A demonstration in a mechanically tunable microbalance illustrates the utility of these ideas in a simple structure designed for mass measurement.

Automated Segmentation and Reconstruction of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease Patients.

OBJECTIVE: In the treatment of Parkinson's disease for deep brain stimulation (DBS), the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is the most important target on a specific brain nucleus. Although procedural details are well established, targeting STN remains problematic because of its variable location and relatively small size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from 10 patients with Parkinson's disease implanted with deep brain stimulation devices. This paper presents an automated algorithm for 3.0T magnetic resonance (MR) image segmentation using the level set method to reconstruct the STN based on automatic segmentation. Implicit polynomial surfaces are used for the reconstruction of the STN segmentation. RESULTS: The method was applied to 10 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients to automatically extract and rebuild the STN. A comparison of the Euclidean distances and dice overlap coefficient showed no significant differences with the segmentation-based method, with the present method having smaller prediction errors and being more robust than expert systems. CONCLUSIONS: This paper presents an automated algorithm to segment and reconstruct the small human STN using MR images. This method for STN should provide an effective method for advancing STN localization and direct visualization.

Elevated expression of periostin in diabetic cardiomyopathy and the effect of valsartan.

BACKGROUND: Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, plays a significant role in adverse cardiac remodeling. However, no report has documented the function of periostin in left ventricular remodeling of streptozototin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The aim of the present study was to observe the expression of periostin in Wistar rat's myocardium of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and the effect of valsartan on it. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis were used to determine the degree of expression and location of periostin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1, TGF-ß1 type II receptor (TGF-ß1 R II), and Type I and III collagens in the myocardium of STZ-induced diabetic rats. RESULTS: Periostin, TGF-ß1, TGF-ß1 R II, and Type I and III collagens were significantly increased in the myocardium of diabetic rats compared with control group on both messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels. In addition, diabetic rats treated with valsartan could have reduced expression of periostin and improved cardiac remodeling of DCM. CONCLUSIONS: Periostin may play a crucial role in cardiac remodeling and myocardial interstitial fibrosis process of DCM and it could be one of the important mechanisms for valsartan to improve the ventricular remodeling of DCM.

Biocompatibility and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of carbon nanotube yarn neural electrodes in a rat model.

BACKGROUND: Implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes is a landmark therapy for movement disorders and some mental conditions. Compared to conventional platinum-iridium (Pt-Ir) electrodes, carbon nanotube yarns (CNTY) electrodes have improved stability and interface characteristics with less distortion during high field strength MRI. Sprague-Dawley rat models were used to examine thein vivo histological and imaging properties of biocompatible CNTY throughout the subacute period. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats received CNTY (n = 16) or Pt-Ir control (n = 16) electrodes. Behavioral markers, body weight, and survival were recorded. Comparative histology (HE, NeuN, CD68, and GFAP) was performed at 1, 6, and 12 weeks post-implantation; 3.0T MRI was performed at 1 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Of 32 rats, 30 (15 per group) survived implantation without reduced activity, paralysis, or incapacity to feed. Following implantation, progressive decreases in macrophage activation and neuron-depleted margins surrounding electrodes were observed in both groups. Inflammatory marker expression (CD68) was significantly lower in rats with implanted CNTY electrodes compared to controls at all time points. CNTY electrodes also caused less inflammation and shallower depths of macrophage penetration and neural disruption relative to the interface. Artifacts and distortion were observed on MRI of Pt-Ir but not CNTY electrodes. CONCLUSIONS: CNTY electrodes exhibited reduced inflammatory margins compared to Pt-Ir electrodes throughout the subacute period, indicating reduced initial trauma, better overall biocompatibility, and reduced fibrous tissue formation. Coupled with less MRI distortion, CNTY electrodes may be useful alternatives when there is a need to monitor electrode placement by MRI.

An experimental study of deep brain stimulation lead fracture: possible fatigue mechanisms and prevention approach.

OBJECTIVES: Lead fracture is a common and troublesome hardware-related complication in deep brain stimulation therapy. Frequent cervical movements are suspected as the main cause, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We propose the integrity of the helical structure of the lead wires is important and conduct systematic experiments to demonstrate this. We aim to provide a new view on how lead fracture takes place. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flexural fatigue tests were conducted on intact and stretched lead wires with a custom-made testing machine. Number of cycles until failure was recorded as the fatigue life, and the fracture morphology was observed under optical and scanning electron microscopes. RESULTS: The fatigue life of the lead wires showed dramatic decline with the severity of deformation, from 434,112 ± 10,277 cycles for an intact specimen down to 19,435 ± 2,622 cycles for a specimen elongated by approximately 20%. The morphology of the fractures revealed characteristic beach marks and striations indicating a fatigue failure. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that integrity of the helical structure of the wires is crucial to the fatigue performance of the lead. Although the results cannot be directly extrapolated to human subjects, they suggest a possible lead fracture mechanism. The implanted lead may undergo deformation due to large-amplitude motions (e.g., falls) and develop fracture due to the deterioration in fatigue resistance, especially when it is placed at or migrates to the neck. It may be possible to effectively protect the lead by using certain surgical techniques during implantation, such as placing the connector on the calvaria or in a drilled trough at the retroauricular region with reliable fixation.

Antitumor effects of a polypeptide isolated from Tegillarca granosa linnaeus and the related molecular mechanism.

This study is to investigate the anticancer effects and mechanisms of Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus-1 (TG-1) on renal carcinoma OS-RC-2 cells in vitro. The proliferation of OS-RC-2 cells was evaluated under various concentrations of TG-1 using MTT assay. The apoptosis of OS-RC-2 cells was analyzed using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. And the cell cycle distribution of OS-RC-2 cells was detected by flow cytometry. In addition, the expression level of Ki67 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR and level of casepase-3 was examined by Western blot analysis. TG-1 incubation significantly inhibited the proliferation of renal carcinoma OS-RC-2 cells and arrested cells at G0/G1 phase (P <0.05). And TG-1 also significantly inhibited the expression of Ki67 mRNA (P<0.05). Additionally, TG-1 significantly promoted apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 in cells (P<0.05). Moreover, the optimal effects of TG-1 was achieved at the concentration of 100 mg/L The results indicate that TG-1 has antitumor effects on renal carcinoma OS-RC-2 cells and that the underlying mechanisms may be acted through inhibiting proliferation and Ki67 mRNA expression, and promoting apoptosis and caspase-3 expression.

A Reactive Oxygen Species "Sweeper" Based on Hollow Mesopore Cerium Oxide Nanospheres for Targeted and Anti-Inflammatory Management of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disorder characterized by sustained oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and the degradation of cartilage. Despite extensive research on nanocarrier treatment strategies, the therapeutic efficacy remains limited due to the lack of satisfactory vehicles that can simultaneously exhibit excellent ROS scavenging capabilities and high drug loading capacity for effective nonsurgical management of OA. In this work, we propose an innovative strategy utilizing hollow mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres coated with membranes derived from apoptotic chondrocytes as a reactive oxygen species "sweeper" for targeted and anti-inflammatory therapy of OA. The developed DEX@HMCeNs@M demonstrates superior drug loading capacity, notable antioxidant properties, favorable biocompatibility, and controlled drug release. By leveraging the camouflage provided by apoptotic chondrocyte membranes, the engineered DEX@HMCeNs@M, which bear natural "eat me" signals, can effectively mimic chondrocyte apoptotic bodies within the joints, thereby enabling targeted delivery of the anti-inflammatory drug DEX and subsequent controlled release triggered by the acidic environment of OA. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments validate the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of our DEX@HMCeNs@M sweeper, which operates through a synergistic mechanism involving scavenging of ROS overproduction, inhibition of inflammation, restoration of mitochondrial damage, and reduction of chondrocyte apoptosis. These findings underscore the potential and efficiency of our developed DEX@HMCeNs@M strategy as an encouraging interventional approach for the progressive treatment of OA.

Probiotic-fermented traditional Chinese herbal medicine, a promising approach to maintaining the intestinal microecology.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHM) have been extensively used in China and other East and Southeast Asian countries. Due to the low content of bioactive components in most TCHM and the potential toxicity of some herbal ingredients to humans, researchers have turned to probiotic fermentation to enhance the efficacy, mitigate the toxic or side effects and improve the taste of TCHM. Both probiotics and certain TCHM benefit the intestinal microbiota and intestinal barrier of human body, demonstrating synergistic effects on in intestinal microecology. AIM OF THE STUDY: This review aims to provide an overview of the development of fermentation technology, commonly used probiotic strains for TCHM fermentation, the advantages of probiotic fermentation and the challenges and limitations of probiotic-fermented TCHM. Additionally, it summarises and discusses the impact of probiotic-fermented TCHM on the intestinal barrier and microbiota, as well as the possible mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An extensive search of primary literature was conducted using various databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Elsevier, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, CNKI, and others. All the plant names have been checked with World Flora Online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org) on August 7, 2024. RESULTS: The literature mentioned above was analyzed and summarized comprehensively. Probiotic-fermented TCHM can improve the intestinal barrier, modulate gut microbiota, and maintain homeostasis of the intestinal microecology. Modulating intestinal microecology by probiotic-fermented TCHM may be a crucial mechanism for its beneficial effects. CONCLUSIONS: This article establishes a theoretical basis for further research on the relationship between probiotic-fermented TCHM and the intestinal microecology, with the hope of inspiring innovative concepts for the development of TCHM and exploring the potential of probiotic-fermented TCHM as a promising strategy for maintaining intestinal microecological balance.

A comprehensive single-cell RNA transcriptomic analysis identifies a unique SPP1+ macrophages subgroup in aging skeletal muscle.

Senescence of skeletal muscle (SkM) has been a primary contributor to senior weakness and disability in recent years. The gradually declining SkM function associated with senescence has recently been connected to an imbalance between damage and repair. Macrophages (Mac) are involved in SkM aging, and different macrophage subgroups hold different biological functions. Through comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we first compared the metabolic pathways and biological functions of different types of cells in young (Y) and old (O) mice SkM. Strikingly, the Mac population in mice SkM was also explored, and we identified a unique Mac subgroup in O SkM characterized by highly expressed SPP1 with strong senescence and adipogenesis features. Further work was carried out on the metabolic and biological processes for these Mac subgroups. Besides, we verified that the proportion of the SPP1+ Mac was increased significantly in the quadriceps tissues of O mice, and the senotherapeutic drug combination dasatinib + quercetin (D + Q) could dramatically reduce its proportion. Our study provides novel insight into the potential role of SPP1+ Mac in SkM, which may serve as a senotherapeutic target in SkM aging.

Common gastrointestinal symptoms and their impact on psychological state and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional multicenter study in China.

Objective: To explore the impact of common gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms on psychological symptoms, sleep quality, and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A unified questionnaire was developed to collect clinical data on the mental psychology and quality of life of IBD patients from 42 hospitals in 22 provinces in P. R. China from September 2021 to May 2022. The general clinical characteristics, psychological symptoms, sleep quality, and quality of life of IBD patients with different numbers of GI symptoms were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. Results: A total of 2,478 IBD patients were finally analysed in this study, including 365 without GI symptoms (14.7%), 752 with single symptoms (30.4%), 841 with double symptoms (33.9%), and 520 with three symptoms (21.0%). Compared with patients without GI symptoms, patients with only simple abdominalgia or diarrhea or hematochezia showed significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression and worse quality of life (all P < 0.05). Compared with asymptomatic patients, patients with double symptoms (e.g. abdominalgia plus hematochezia, diarrhea plus hematochezia, abdominalgia plus diarrhea) and patients with three symptoms (abdominalgia, diarrhea, and hematochezia) showed significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression and worse sleep quality and quality of life (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with IBD patients without gastrointestinal symptoms, patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were more likely to experience anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and poorer quality of life.

Thermo-sensitive hydroxybutyl chitosan/diatom biosilica hydrogel with immune microenvironment regulatory for chronic wound healing.

This study proposes a chronic wound therapeutic strategy based on extracellular matrix (ECM) biomimetics and immune regulation. The hydroxybutyl chitosan/diatom biosilica hydrogel (H/D) which can regulate the immune microenvironment, is prepared from hydroxybutyl chitosan (HBC) as matrix to construct the bionic ECM and diatom biosilica (DB) as structural active unit. The hierarchical porous structure of DB provides strong anchoring interface effect to enhance the mechanical strength of hydrogel, while maintaining its favorable temperature phase transition behavior, improving the material's fit to the wound and convenience of clinical use. Silicates released from DB in H/D accelerate the transition of wounds from inflammation to proliferation and remodeling. In cellular and diabetic rat models, H/D reduces inflammation (induces conversion of M1-type macrophages to M2-type), induces angiogenesis (1.96-fold of control), promotes fibroblast proliferation (180.36 % of control), collagen deposition, keratinocyte migration (47.34 % more than control), and re-epithelialization. This study validates a possible biological mechanism for H/D bioactive hydrogel-mediated regulation of the immune microenvironment and provides a simple synergistic dressing strategy.