Diagnostic accuracy of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the overall accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in identifying non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and CNKI databases as well as the reference lists from relevant articles was performed prior to July 2017. Two authors independently screened articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the quality of each study using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QADAS-2) tool. Meta-disc 1.4 and Stata12.0 software programs were used for the statistical analysis.Results: Eleven eligible articles comprising 16 studies and representing 935 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.80-0.87) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74-0.80), respectively. The overall diagnostic performance as measured by the area under the curve (AUC) for the summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.9380.Conclusions: MALDI-TOF MS has a high diagnostic accuracy for NSCLC.

Detection and Identification of Serum Peptides Biomarker in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is currently the most commonly diagnosed endocrine malignancy. In addition, the sex- and age-adjusted incidence of PTC has exhibited a greater increase over the last 2 decades than in many other malignancies. Thus, discovering noninvasive specific serum biomarker to distinguish PTC from cancer-free controls in its early stages remains an important goal. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum samples from 88 PTC patients and 80 cancer-free controls were randomly allocated into training or validation sets. Serum peptide profiling was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) after using weak cation exchange magnetic beads (WCX-MB), and the results were evaluated by use of ClinProTools™ Software. To distinguish PTC from cancer-free controls, quick classifier (QC), supervised neural network (SNN), and genetic algorithm (GA) models were established. The models were blindly validated to verify their diagnostic capabilities. The most discriminative peaks were subsequently identified with a nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry system. RESULTS Six peptide ions were identified as the most discriminative peaks between the PTC and cancer-free control samples. The QC model exhibited satisfactory sensitivity and specificity among the 3 models that were validated. Two peaks, at m/z 2671.17 and m/z 1464.68, were identified as fragments of the alpha chain of fibrinogen, while a peak at m/z 1738.92 was a fragment of complement component 4A/B. CONCLUSIONS MS combined with ClinProTools™ software was able to detect peptide biomarkers in PTC patients. In addition, the constructed classification models provided a serum peptidome pattern for distinguishing PTC from cancer-free controls. Both fibrinogen a and complement C4A/B were identified as potential markers for diagnosis of PTC.

A comparative study based on ainuovirine/lamivudine/tenofovir against HIV-1.

BACKGROUND: Ainuovirine, as a third-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor against HIV-1, is widely used in China. To evaluate its therapeutic efficacy and disadvantages, a comparative study based on Ainuovirine had been conducted. METHOD: We investigated 199 people living with HIV-1 who received Ainuovirine (ANV)/lamivudine/tenofovir and 202 people living with HIV-1 who received Efavirenz (EFV)/lamivudine/tenofovir. RESULTS: After 48 weeks of therapy, ANV and EFV showed similar viral inhibitory effects. However, in the ANV group, more participants had CD4/CD8 ratios restored to the normal range, lower levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, relatively normal liver alanine aminotransferase, and fewer adverse events. CONCLUSION: Therefore, due to its role in immune reconstitution, dyslipidemia, and safety, ANV may be a recommended option for people living with HIV-1.

Roles of the lipid metabolism in hepatic stellate cells activation △.

The lipids present in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) lipid droplets include retinyl ester, triglyceride, cholesteryl ester, cholesterol, phospholipids and free fatty acids. Activation of HSCs is crucial to the development of fibrosis in liver disease. During activation, HSCs transform into myofibroblasts with concomitant loss of their lipid droplets and production of excessive extracellular matrix. Release of lipid droplets containing retinyl esters and triglyceride is a defining feature of activated HSCs. Accumulating evidence supports the proposal that recovering the accumulation of lipids would inhibit the activation of HSCs. In healthy liver, quiescent HSCs store 80% of total liver retinols and release them depending on the extracellular retinol status. However, in injured liver activated HSCs lose their retinols and produce a considerable amount of extracellular matrix, subsequently leading to liver fibrosis. Further findings prove that lipid metabolism of HSCs is closely associated with its activation, yet relationship between activated HSCs and the lipid metabolism has remained mysterious.