RESUMEN
Keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) is a form of skin cancer that develops in keratinocytes, which are the predominant cells present in the epidermis layer of the skin. Keratinocyte carcinoma comprises two sub-types, namely basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This review provides a holistic literature assessment of the origin, diagnosis methods, contributing factors, and current topical treatments of KC. Additionally, it explores the increase in KC cases that occurred globally over the past ten years. One of the principal concepts highlighted in this article is the adverse effects linked to conventional treatment methods of KC and how novel treatment strategies that combine phytochemistry and transdermal drug delivery systems offer an alternative approach for treatment. However, more in vitro and in vivo studies are required to fully assess the efficacy, mechanism of action, and safety profile of these phytochemical based transdermal chemotherapeutics.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/metabolismo , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Variación Biológica Poblacional , Estudios Clínicos como Asunto , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Vías de Administración de Medicamentos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Incidencia , Queratinocitos/patología , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Vigilancia de la Población , Lesiones Precancerosas/diagnóstico , Lesiones Precancerosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Lesiones Precancerosas/etiología , Lesiones Precancerosas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
This study investigated a unique one-pot microwave-assisted green synthesis method of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) using cannabidiol (CBD) as a capping and reducing agent. Furthermore, Au and Ag NPs were also chemically synthesized using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), which functioned as reference materials when comparing the size, shape, and cytotoxicity of NPs. Synthesis parameters such as reaction time, temperature, and precursor molar ratio were optimized to control the size and shape of the biosynthesized NPs. Various characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to confirm the formation and properties of Au and Ag NPs. Both biosynthesized metal NPs were spherical and monodispersed, with average particle sizes of 8.4 nm (Au-CBD) and 4.8 nm (Ag-CBD). This study also explored the potential cytotoxicity of CBD-capped NPs in human keratinocyte cells, which was observed to be of minimal concern. The novel synthesis approach presented in this study is free from harsh chemical reagents; therefore, these NPs can be used in a wide array of applications, including the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.