Curcuma Longa in the Treatment of Symptomatic oral lichen planus: A non-randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Oxidative stress has been suggested as pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP), implicating the vital role of antioxidants in its treatment. Curcumin, naturally found in turmeric has potent antioxidant and inflammatory properties and can be useful in reducing spread and subsiding burning and pain sensation in patients with OLP. The present study was done to evaluate the role of curcumin in the treatment of symptomatic OLP compared with the control group. Materials and Method: A total of 40 patients with symptomatic OLP were divided into 2 groups of 20 subjects each. Group A was treated with curcumin oral gel and a multivitamin capsule containing zinc, whereas Group B was given multivitamin containing zinc only. Patients were followed-up twice, that is, after 1 month and 3 months. A modified REU (reticulation/keratosis, erythema and ulceration) score for spread and Visual analogue scale for pain/burning sensation was used and the difference of score was calculated by t test. Results: During F1 period, 0.61 (Group A) and 0.19 (Group B) points improvement and in F2 period, the REU score further increased significantly to 1.36 (Group A) and 0.43 (Group B), respectively. The mean score reduction in Visual analogue scale during F1 period was 1.71 and 0.71, which further increased significantly to 2.88 and 1.24 during F2 period in Groups A and B, respectively. Conclusion: Curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric is commercially available in gel form to treat different oral lesions and significantly effective in reducing spread and providing symptomatic relief in OLP without any adverse effects.

Determination of Serum IgE and Eosinophils as a Diagnostic Indicator in Allergic Rhinitis.

Allergic Rhinitis is a chronic, inflammatory disease induced by an IgE-mediated reaction and identified clinically by the presence of symptoms of nasal discharge, itching, sneezing and nasal congestion. The aim and objectives of the study was to determine serum IgE and eosinophil levels in patients with allergic rhinitis and healthy controls, men and women, different age groups and to establish a correlation between serum IgE and eosinophil. A retrospective study was conducted in the outpatient department of ENT in ICARE institute of medical sciences and research, Haldia during the time span of March 2016 to February 2017. A total of 155 subjects (113 cases and 42 controls, 74 men and 81 women) of age 1 month-75 years were selected for the study. Blood samples obtained were analyzed to determine serum IgE and eosinophil levels and the results were subjected to statistical analysis using STATA 12 software. The mean values and standard deviation of the serum log IgE and eosinophil levels in cases and healthy controls, men and women, various age groups were obtained and tabulated using paired t test and MV test. Pearson's correlation was performed to establish a relationship between serum log IgE and eosinophil levels. The mean values of serum log IgE and eosinophil levels were found to be higher in cases (log IgE-5.65, IgE-814.36 IU/ml, eosinophil-4.49%) when compared to controls (log IgE-4.43, IgE-96.62 IU/ml, eosinophil-2.36%). Men predominance was seen in mean serum log IgE levels (IgE-1018.5 IU/ml, log IgE-5.92) whereas women predominance in mean eosinophil counts (4.96%) in allergic rhinitis. A weakly positive correlation of 0.194 was established between serum log IgE and eosinophil levels. Estimation of serum IgE and eosinophil can serve as a simple, non-invasive and reliable investigative tool in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of tumor angiogenesis and the role of mast cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Increased angiogenesis has been associated with neoplastic progression, metastasis and outcome in several studies and in a number of malignancies. Among the various host immune cells, mast cells have been implicated in tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between angiogenesis, mast cells with that of the normal oral mucosa (NOM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted using routine haematoxylin and eosin staining procedure and included immunohistochemical staining for microvessels and toluidine blue staining for mast cells. RESULTS: The microvessel density (MVD) and mast cell density (MCD) of two groups (NOM and OSCC). The MVD and MCD in OSCC ranged from 59.18 to 263.31 microvessel/mm 2 and 41.65 to 193.28 cells/mm 2 respectively with mean (±standard deviation) 161.73 ± 48.27 microvessel/mm 2 and 83.59 ± 40.67 cells/mm 2. In both NOM and OSCC, the mean MCD was comparatively lower as compared to respective MVD (MCD < MVD) and comparatively lower in NOM as compared to OSCC (normal < OSCC). CONCLUSION: A significant correlation is present between MCD and MVD in OSCC and also that both these entities are significantly increased in the disease process when compared to that of the NOM.

Cephalometric Analysis for Gender Determination Using Maxillary Sinus Index: A Novel Dimension in Personal Identification.

Purpose. Radiography is important in forensic odontology for the identification of humans. The maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses and first to develop. Sinus radiography has been used for identification of skeletal remains and determination of gender. Hence, the aim and objectives of the present study were to establish a new method for gender determination using maxillary sinus index from lateral cephalometric radiographs and to establish the reliability of maxillary sinus for gender determination. Methods. A total of 50 adult digital lateral cephalometric radiographs (25 males and 25 females) were included in the study. The maxillary sinus analysis was performed on these radiographs using the height and width measurement tools of Sidexis XG software. Maxillary sinus index was calculated, discriminant function analysis performed, and discriminant equation derived for determination of gender. Results. The mean maxillary sinus height and width were found to be higher in males, whereas the maxillary sinus index was greater in females. The discriminant function analysis derived in the study was able to differentiate the sex groups with sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 76%. Conclusions. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that morphometric analysis of maxillary sinus can be used as a reliable tool in gender determination.

Tuberous sclerosis complex: A case report.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is an unusual autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by the development of benign tumors affecting different body systems affecting the brain, skin, retina, and viscera. It is characterized by cutaneous changes, neurologic conditions, and the formation of hamartomas in multiple organs leading to morbidity and mortality. The most common oral manifestations are fibromas, gingival hyperplasia, and enamel hypoplasia. The management of these patients is often multidisciplinary involving specialists from various fields. Here, we present a case report of a 26-old-year male patient with characteristic clinical, radiological, and histological features of tuberous sclerosis complex.

A Bizarre Presentation of Osteoid Osteoma of Maxilla.

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign osteogenic lesion that is extremely rare in jaws. It is characterized by proliferation of either cancellous or compact bone and can be central, peripheral or extraskeletal. Pain is a distinctive feature of this lesion accompanied by vasomotor disturbances, which occur long before radiographic and histopathology findings manifest. Here, we present a rare case report of OO of maxilla in a 40-yr-old male patient with noteworthy clinical, radiological and histological presentation. The diagnosis of OO is usually obtained by radiographs confirmed by histopathological analysis. Thus, the oral physician should have keen observation and appropriate knowledge concerning the same to avoid confusion with similar bony lesions.

Odontogenic Fibroma of the Maxilla - An Atypical Presentation.

Odontogenic fibroma (OF) is considered an unusual, benign mesenchymal neoplasm and one of the most little-understood lesions amongst all odontogenic neoplasms. The incidence rate of the tumor is from 0% to 5.5%. WHO classified them into intraosseous or central and extraosseous or peripheral variants. It chiefly consists of fibroblastic tissue with an inconsistent amount of inactive appearing odontogenic epithelium. The lesion has a slow growth along with cortical expansion with equal predilection in the anterior maxilla and posterior mandible. Radiologically, multilocular radiolucency is the most frequent finding with few cases being associated with root resorption or displacement. Microscopically, mature collagen fibers and numerous fibroblasts along with odontogenic epithelial islands are characteristically found. Central Odontogenic Fibroma responds well to surgical enucleation with no tendency for malignancy or recurrence. Here we report a rare case report of an 18 yr old male patient with Odontogenic fibroma of the posterior maxilla.

Nonsurgical Management of Oral Mucocele by Intralesional Corticosteroid Therapy.

Background. Oral mucocele is a common lesion resulting from an alteration of minor salivary glands due to mucus accumulation. Rapid appearance, specific location, history of trauma, bluish colour, and consistency help in the diagnosis. Conventional surgical removal is the treatment of choice but has several disadvantages like damage to adjacent ducts with further development of satellite lesions. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional corticosteroid injection (betamethasone) as a nonsurgical treatment procedure in oral mucoceles. Material and Method. A total of 20 cases (males and females, 10-30 years of age) with clinically diagnosed oral mucoceles were given 1 mL of betamethasone intralesionally. All the patients were examined after a period of 7, 14, and 21 days to evaluate the response of the lesion towards treatment and consequently given the 2nd, 3rd, 4th injections. If the lesion resolved after one or two injections, the treatment was discontinued. Results. Out of the 20 cases, 18 of them showed complete regression of the lesion whereas the remaining 2 cases showed decrease in size. All the patients received maximum of 4 consecutive shots in weekly interval. Conclusion. Intralesional corticosteroid therapy can be considered as the first choice in the treatment of oral mucoceles.

Screening of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders Using Exfoliative Cytology: A Diagnostic Modality.

Objective. Oral exfoliative cytology (OEC) has been implemented in the diagnosis of pathologic lesions for ages. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cytomorphological features of some of the commonest potentially malignant disorders (leukoplakia, lichen planus, and oral submucous fibrosis) through a simple procedure and illustrate its importance in mass screening. Materials and Method. A total of 160 subjects with 25-50 years of age were included in the study. Among them, 40 were clinically diagnosed with oral leukoplakia, 40 were diagnosed with oral lichen planus, 40 were diagnosed with oral submucous fibrosis, and 40 were in the control group. The prepared smears were subjected to Papanicolaou stain and analyzed microscopically for the evaluation of the cytomorphological features. Results and Discussion. When analyzed microscopically, 36 (90%) out of the 40 oral leukoplakic lesions showed Class II cytological features whereas 4 (10%) revealed Class I features. Among 40 patients with oral lichen planus, 26 (65%) showed Class II features while the remaining 14 (35%) revealed Class I features. In 40 subjects with oral submucous fibrosis, 32 (80%) showed Class II features while the other 8 (20%) showed Class I features. All the 40 control subjects showed Class I features. Thus, OEC can be widely advocated as an addition to clinical conclusion and an adjunct to biopsy.