Comparison of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp, bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord tissue by gene expression.

AIMS: Our aims were to characterize human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from various tissues by pluripotent stem cells gene expression profile. METHODS: Four strains of dental pulp stem cells (DP-MSCs) were isolated from dental pulp tissue fragments adhered to plastic tissue culture dishes. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord tissue (UBC-MSCs) were isolated with the same technique. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were isolated from nucleated cells of bone marrow obtained by density gradient centrifugation. Human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) were isolated by collagenase digestion. All kinds of MSCs used in this study were cultivated in low glucose DMEM containing 5% or human platelet extract. All stem cell manipulation was performed in GMP conditions. Expression of 15 pluripotent stem cells genes on the level of proteins was measured by Proteome Profiler Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Array. Induction of MSCs to in vitro differentiation to adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondroblasts was achieved by cultivation of cells in appropriate differentiation medium. RESULTS: All MSCs tested were phenotypically similar and of fibroblastoid morphology. DP-MSCs and UBC-MSCs were more proliferative than bone marrow BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs. Protein expression of 15 genes typical for pluripotent stem cells distinguished them into two groups. While the gene expression profiles of BM-MSC, AT-MSCs and UBC-MSCs were similar, DP-MSCS differed in relative gene expression on the level of their products in several genes. CONCLUSIONS: Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells cultivated in vitro under the same conditions as MSCs from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord tissue can be distinguished by pluripotent stem cell gene expression profile.

Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells of "no-options" patients with critical limb ischemia treated by autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells.

BACKGROUND: Application of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells to "no option" patients with advanced critical limb ischemia (CLI) prevented major limb amputation in 73% patients during the 6-month follow-up. We examined which properties of bone marrow stromal cells also known as bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells of responding and non-responding patients are important for amputation-free survival. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Mesenchymal stem cells of 41 patients with CLI unsuitable for revascularisation were isolated from mononuclear bone marrow concentrate used for their treatment. Based on the clinical outcome of the treatment, we divided patients into two groups: responders and non-responders. Biological properties of responders' and non-responders' mesenchymal stem cells were characterized according to their ability to multiply, to differentiate in vitro, quantitative expression of cell surface markers, secretion of 27 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, and to the relative expression of 15 mesenchymal stem cells important genes. Secretome comparison between responders (n=27) and non-responders (n=14) revealed significantly higher secretion values of IL-4, IL-6 and MIP-1b in the group of responders. The expression of cell markers CD44 and CD90 in mesenchymal stem cells from responders was significantly higher compared to non-responders (p<0.01). The expression of mesenchymal stem cells surface markers that was analyzed in 22 patients did not differ between diabetic (n=13) and non-diabetic (n=9) patient groups. Statistically significant higher expression of E-cadherin and PDX-1/IPF1 genes was found in non-responders, while expression of Snail was higher in responders. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of mesenchymal stem cells shown in the expression of cell surface markers, secreted factors and stem cell genes plays an important role in therapeutic outcome. Paracrine mechanisms are main drivers in the induction of reparatory processes in CLI patients. Differences in mesenchymal stem cells properties are discussed in relation to their involvement in the reparatory process.